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Transition Metal Nitrate Complex
A transition metal nitrate complex is a coordination compound containing one or more nitrate ligands. Such complexes are common starting reagents for the preparation of other compounds. Ligand properties Nitrate is isostructural with but less basic than carbonate. Both nitrate and carbonate exhibit comparable coordination geometries. The nitrogen center of nitrate does not form bonds to metals. Being the conjugate base of a strong acid (nitric acid, pKa = -1.4), nitrate has modest Lewis basicity. Two coordination modes are common: unidentate and bidentate ligand, bidentate. Unidentate nitrate is classified as X ligand in the Covalent bond classification method. With respect to HSAB theory, it is classified as hard. When bonded as a bidentate ligand, it is denoted κ2-NO3. Biidentate nitrate is classified as X-L ligand in the Covalent bond classification method. With respect to HSAB theory, it is classified as hard. In some cases where it is bidentate, nitrate is bound unsymme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rh(NO3)52-
RH, Rh, rH, or rh may refer to: Companies * Red Hat, an American software company * Republic Express Airlines (IATA designator), a cargo airline in Indonesia * RH (company), an American furniture chain formerly known as Restoration Hardware Science and technology * Relative humidity, the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature * Releasing hormone * Reproductive health * Rh blood group system (''Rhesus factor''), a classification to describe blood types in humans * Rhodium, symbol Rh, a chemical element * RH, the Rydberg constant for hydrogen * Riemann hypothesis, an important unsolved problem in mathematics * Adobe RoboHelp, an Adobe software Places * RH postcode area, in the UK * , an official name of Croatia in Croatian * Other uses * Rh (digraph) * The Right Honourable, an honorific preceding a name in the UK * Radical honesty, the practice of always being completely honest and refraining from telling even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manganese(II) Nitrate
Manganese(II) nitrate refers to the inorganic compounds with formula Mn( NO3)2·(H2O)n. These compounds are nitrate salts containing varying amounts of water. A common derivative is the tetrahydrate, Mn(NO3)2·4H2O, but mono- and hexahydrates are also known as well as the anhydrous compound. Some of these compounds are useful precursors to the oxides of manganese. Typical of a manganese(II) compound, it is a paramagnetic pale pink solid. Structure Manganese(II) compounds, especially with oxygenated ligands, are typically octahedral. Following this trend, the tetrahydrate features four aquo ligands bound to Mn as well as two mutually cis, unidentate nitrate ligands. The hexaaquo salt features octahedral n(H2O)6sup>2+. Preparation, reactions, uses Manganese(II) nitrate is prepared from manganese dioxide and nitrogen dioxide: : In this redox reaction, two moles of the reductant (gas) donate each one electron to (black solid), the oxidant, which is reduced from its oxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metal Nitrosyl Complex
Sodium nitroprusside, a medicinally significant metal nitrosyl-pentacyanoferrate (Fe-III) compound, used to treat complexes that contain nitric oxide">hypertension. Metal nitrosyl complexes are complex (chemistry)">complexes that contain nitric oxide, NO, bonded to a transition metal. Many kinds of nitrosyl complexes are known, which vary both in structure and coligand. Bonding and structure Most complexes containing the NO ligand can be viewed as derivatives of the nitrosyl cation, NO+. The nitrosyl cation is isoelectronic with carbon monoxide, thus the bonding between a nitrosyl ligand and a metal follows the same principles as the bonding in carbonyl complexes. The nitrosyl cation serves as a two-electron donor to the metal and accepts electrons from the metal via back-bonding. The compounds Co(NO)(CO)3 and Ni(CO)4 illustrate the analogy between NO+ and CO. In an electron-counting sense, two linear NO ligands are equivalent to three CO groups. This trend is illustrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxidizing Agent
An oxidizing agent (also known as an oxidant, oxidizer, electron recipient, or electron acceptor) is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or " accepts"/"receives" an electron from a (called the , , or ''electron donor''). In other words, an oxidizer is any substance that oxidizes another substance. The oxidation state, which describes the degree of loss of electrons, of the oxidizer decreases while that of the reductant increases; this is expressed by saying that oxidizers "undergo reduction" and "are reduced" while reducers "undergo oxidation" and "are oxidized". Common oxidizing agents are oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the halogens. In one sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that undergoes a chemical reaction in which it gains one or more electrons. In that sense, it is one component in an oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction. In the second sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that transfers electronegative atoms, usually oxygen, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrosonium
The nitrosonium ion is , in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a bond order of 3, and the overall diatomic species bears a positive charge. It can be viewed as nitric oxide with one electron removed. This ion is usually obtained as the following salts: , ( nitrosylsulfuric acid, more descriptively written ) and . The and salts are slightly soluble in acetonitrile . NOBF4 can be purified by sublimation at 200–250 °C and . Synthesis and spectroscopy is isoelectronic with CO, and . It arises via protonation of nitrous acid: :HONO + H+ NO+ + H2O In its infrared spectrum of its salts, νNO is a strong peak in the range 2150-2400 cm−1. Chemical properties Hydrolysis reacts readily with water to form nitrous acid: : For this reason, nitrosonium compounds must be protected from water or even moist air. With base, the reaction generates nitrite: : As a diazotizing agent reacts with aryl amines, , to give diazonium salts, . The resu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Autoionization
In chemistry, molecular autoionization (or self-ionization) is a chemical reaction between molecules of the same substance to produce ions. If a pure liquid partially dissociates into ions, it is said to be self-ionizing. In most cases the oxidation number on all atoms in such a reaction remains unchanged. Such autoionization can be '' protic'' ( transfer), or ''non-protic''. Examples Protic solvents Protic solvents often undergo some autoionization (in this case autoprotolysis): *2 H2O H3O+ + OH- **The self-ionization of water is particularly well studied, due to its implications for acid-base chemistry of aqueous solutions. *2 NH3 NH4+ + NH2- *2 H2SO4 H3SO4+ + HSO4- *3 HF H2F+ + HF2- **Here proton transfer between two HF combines with homoassociation of and a third HF to form Non-protic solvents *2 PF5 PF6- + PF4+ *N2O4 NO+ + NO3- ** Here the nitrogen oxidation numbers change from (+4 and +4) to (+3 and +5). *2 BrF3 BrF2+ + BrF4- These solvents al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinitrogen Tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4. It is a useful reagent in chemical synthesis. It forms an equilibrium mixture with nitrogen dioxide. Its molar mass is 92.011 g/mol. Dinitrogen tetroxide is a powerful oxidizer that is hypergolic (spontaneously reacts) upon contact with various forms of hydrazine, which has made the pair a common bipropellant for rockets. Structure and properties Dinitrogen tetroxide could be regarded as two nitro groups (-NO2) bonded together. It forms an equilibrium mixture with nitrogen dioxide. The molecule is planar with an N-N bond distance of 1.78Å and N-O distances of 1.19Å. The N-N distance corresponds to a weak bond, since it is significantly longer than the average N-N single bond length of 1.45Å. This exceptionally weak σ bond (amounting to overlapping of the ''sp''2 hybrid orbitals of the two NO2 uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Redox
Redox ( , , reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state. The oxidation and reduction processes occur simultaneously in the chemical reaction. There are two classes of redox reactions: * Electron transfer, Electron-transfer – Only one (usually) electron flows from the atom, ion, or molecule being oxidized to the atom, ion, or molecule that is reduced. This type of redox reaction is often discussed in terms of redox couples and electrode potentials. * Atom transfer – An atom transfers from one Substrate (chemistry), substrate to another. For example, in the rusting of iron, the oxidation state of iron atoms increases as the iron converts to an oxide, and simultaneously, the oxidation state of oxygen decreases as it accepts electrons r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercurous Nitrate
Mercury(I) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of mercury and nitric acid with the formula Hg2(NO3)2. A yellow solid, the compound is used as a precursor to other Hg22+ complexes. The structure of the hydrate has been determined by X-ray crystallography. It consists of a 2O-Hg-Hg-OH2sup>2+ center, with a Hg-Hg distance of 254 pm. It was first mentioned by Indian chemist Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray in 1896. Reactions Mercury(I) nitrate is formed when elemental mercury is combined with ''dilute'' nitric acid (concentrated nitric acid will yield mercury(II) nitrate). Mercury(I) nitrate is a reducing agent which is oxidized upon contact with air. Mercuric(II) nitrate reacts with elemental mercury(0) to form mercurous(I) nitrate ( comproportionation reaction): : Solutions of mercury(I) nitrate are acid An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. Hydron, hydrogen cation, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, Brønsted–Low ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zinc Nitrate
Zinc nitrate is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula . This colorless, crystalline salt is highly deliquescent. It is typically encountered as a hexahydrate . It is soluble in both water and alcohol. Synthesis Zinc nitrate is usually prepared by dissolving zinc metal, zinc oxide, or related materials in nitric acid: : : These reactions are accompanied by the hydration of the zinc nitrate. The anhydrous salt arises by the reaction of anhydrous zinc chloride with nitrogen dioxide: : Reactions Treatment of zinc nitrate with acetic anhydride gives zinc acetate. On heating, zinc nitrate undergoes thermal decomposition to form zinc oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen: : Aqueous zinc nitrate contains aquo complexes . and, thus, this reaction may be better written as the reaction of the aquated ion with hydroxide through donation of a proton, as follows. Applications Zinc nitrate has no large scale application but is used on a laboratory scale for the synthesis of coordin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper(II) Nitrate
Copper(II) nitrate describes any member of the family of inorganic compounds with the formula Cu( NO3)2(H2O)x. The hydrates are hygroscopic blue solids. Anhydrous copper nitrate forms blue-green crystals and sublimes in a vacuum at 150-200 °C. Common hydrates are the hemipentahydrate and trihydrate. Synthesis and reactions Hydrated copper(II) nitrate Hydrated copper nitrate is prepared by treating copper metal or its oxide with nitric acid: : The same salts can be prepared treating copper metal with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate. That reaction illustrates the ability of copper metal to reduce silver ions. In aqueous solution, the hydrates exist as the aqua complex . Such complexes are highly labile and subject to rapid ligand exchange due to the d9 electronic configuration of copper(II). Attempted dehydration of any of the hydrated copper(II) nitrates by heating affords the oxides, not . At 80 °C the hydrates convert to "basic copper nitrate", , which con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palladium(II) Nitrate
Palladium(II) nitrate is the inorganic compound with the formula Pd(NO3)2.(H2O)x where x = 0 or 2. The anhydrous and dihydrate are deliquescent solids. According to X-ray crystallography, both compounds feature square planar Pd(II) with unidentate nitrate ligands. The anhydrous compound, which is a coordination polymer, is yellow. As a solution in nitric acid, Pd(NO3)2 catalyzes the conversion of alkenes to dinitrate esters. Its pyrolysis affords palladium oxide.Timothy T. Wenzel "Palladium(II) Nitrate" Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis 2001, John Wiley & Sons. Preparation Hydrated palladium nitrate may be prepared by dissolving palladium oxide hydrate in dilute nitric acid followed by crystallization. The nitrate crystallizes as yellow-brown deliquescent prisms. The anhydrous material is obtained by treating palladium metal with fuming nitric acid. References Nitrates Palladium compounds Oxidizing agents {{inorganic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
