Toqta
Tokhta (also spelled Toqta, Toktu, Tokhtai, Tochtu or Tokhtogha; died ) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1291 to 1312. He was a son of Mengu-Timur and a great-grandson of Batu Khan. His name "Tokhtokh" means "hold/holding" in the Mongolian language. Early reign under Nogai Nogai Khan orchestrated a palace coup that ended with the ousting of Talabuga and his execution. Tokhta became khan in 1291 and at first he was subordinate to Nogai. However, Tokhta eventually united his supporters against Nogai and he challenged Nogai's authority in 1297, leading to a civil war. In 1299, Nogai finally defeated Nogai and stabilized the Golden Horde. Tokhta wanted to eliminate the Russian princes' semi-independence and the Russian princes grew increasing restive. As a form of submission, military service was used by the khans, but Russian auxiliary troops were only used in rare attacks in Poland and Hungary, as well as in military campaigns in the Caucasus. Russian troops remained eff ...
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