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Tipuloidea
A crane fly is any member of the dipteran superfamily Tipuloidea, which contains the living families Cylindrotomidae, Limoniidae, Pediciidae and Tipulidae, as well as several extinct families. "Winter crane flies", members of the family Trichoceridae, are sufficiently different from the typical crane flies of Tipuloidea to be excluded from the superfamily Tipuloidea, and are placed as their sister group within Tipulomorpha. Two other families of flies, the phantom crane flies ( Ptychopteridae) and primitive crane flies ( Tanyderidae), have similar common names due their similar appearance, but they are not closely related to true crane flies. The classification of crane flies has been varied in the past, with some or all of these families treated as subfamilies, but the following classification is currently accepted. Species counts are approximate, and vary over time. ; Infraorder Tipulomorpha : Superfamily Tipuloidea (Typical Crane Flies) :: Family Cylindrotomidae (Cy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limoniidae
Limoniidae is the largest of four crane fly families, with more than 10,700 species in more than 150 genera. Some studies have suggested it to be a paraphyletic group, with some limoniids being more closely related to Tipulidae and Cylindrotomidae than to other limoniids. Limoniid crane flies can usually be distinguished by the way the wings are held at rest. Limoniids usually hold/fold the wings along the back of the body, whereas other crane flies usually hold them out at right angles. Snow flies (genus: ''Chionea'') such as ''Chionea scita'' have no wings at all. Limoniids are also usually smaller than other crane flies, with some exceptions. The classification of Limoniid crane flies has been varied in the past, with the group treated both as subfamily and family, but the following classification is currently accepted. (Species counts are approximate, and vary over time.). Recent phylogenetic analyses have revealed the family to be paraphyletic and further research is suggeste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Cylindrotomidae
The Cylindrotomidae or long-bodied craneflies are a family of Tipulomorpha, crane flies. More than 65 extant species in 9 genera occur worldwide. There are more than 20 extinct species. Most recent classifications place the group to family level. This was not supported by phylogenetic analyses by Petersen et al. in 2010, but several studies and catalogs have since treated the group as a family, and they remain an established family. Description They are mostly large flies of around 11–16 mm and yellowish to pale brownish in colour. They have long, slender Antenna (biology), antennae with 16 segments; the wings, legs and the abdomen are all very long. Biology The larvae are all phytophagous (with the exception of the genus ''Cylindrotoma'') and are found living on terrestrial, semiaquatic and aquatic mosses. The larvae of the genus ''Cylindrotoma'' live on various flowering plants. Adults are found in damp, wooded habitats. Evolutionary history Although they likely spl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tipulomorpha
The Tipulomorpha are an infraorder of Nematocera, containing the crane flies, a very large group, and allied families. Taxonomy The Tipulomorpha comprise five extant families. *Tipulomorpha **Tipuloidea (typical crane flies) *** Cylindrotomidae (long-bodied crane flies) *** Pediciidae (hairy-eyed crane flies) ***Limoniidae (limoniid crane flies) – probably paraphyletic ***Tipulidae (large crane flies) ** Trichoceroidea (winter crane flies) *** Trichoceridae Extinct superfamilies One recent classification based largely on fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserve ...s splits this group into a series of extinct superfamilies (below), and includes members of other infraorders, but this has not gained wide acceptance. *Superfamily Eopolyneuroidea **Family Eop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Pediciidae
The Pediciidae or hairy-eyed craneflies are a family of flies closely related to true crane flies, with about 500 species worldwide. Description Pediciidae are medium-sized to large (, '' Dicranota''; , '' Pedicia'') flies which resemble Tipulidae. The wings, legs and abdomen are long and slender. Ocelli are absent. The eyes are pubescent; short erect hairs are present in between the eye facets (the eyes are usually glabrous in related families). The antennae have 12–17 segments. The thorax has a V-shaped transverse suture. The wing has two anal veins. The apical crossveins and M-Cu form an oblique line. The wings of ''Pedicia'' have contrasting brown longitudinal stripes. Fossil record The oldest fossils of the family date to the Jurassic. Genera *Subfamily Pediciinae :*'' Dicranota'' Zetterstedt, 1838 :*'' Heterangaeus'' Alexander, 1925 :*'' Malaisemyia'' Alexander, 1950 :*'' Nasiternella'' Wahlgren, 1904 :*'' Nipponomyia'' Alexander Alexander () is a male na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Opiliones
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an Order (biology), order of arachnids, Common name, colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs (see below). , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant taxon, extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014. Representatives of each extant suborder can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Well-preserved fossils have been found in the 400-million-year-old Rhynie cherts of Scotland, and 305-million-year-old rocks in France. These fossils look surprisingly modern, indicating that their basic body shape developed very early on, and, at least in some taxa, has changed little since that time. Their Phylogenetics, phylogenetic position within the Arachnida is disputed; their closest relatives may be camel spiders (Solifugae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holorusia
''Holorusia'' is a genus of true crane fly, including the largest known crane fly species, '' Holorusia mikado''. Biology The larvae are aquatic. Distribution Asia & Australasia. Species *'' H. aberrans'' (Alexander, 1920) *'' H. agni'' Alexander, 1971 *'' H. albicostigma'' (Alexander, 1950) *'' H. albovittata'' ( Macquart, 1838) *'' H. andrewsi'' ( Edwards, 1932) *'' H. astarte'' (Alexander, 1949) *'' H. basiflava'' Yang & Yang, 1993 *'' H. bioculata'' (Alexander, 1967) *'' H. bitruncata'' (Alexander, 1950) *'' H. borneensis'' ( Brunetti, 1918) *'' H. bourbonica'' (Alexander, 1957) *'' H. brobdignagia'' ( Westwood, 1876) *'' H. calliergon'' (Alexander, 1940) *'' H. carmichaeli'' ( Brunetti, 1913) *'' H. castanea'' ( Macquart, 1838) *'' H. cerbereana'' (Alexander, 1942) *'' H. clavipes'' ( Edwards, 1921) *'' H. conspicabilis'' Skuse, 1890 *'' H. cressida'' (Alexander, 1953) *'' H. damuda'' Evenhuis, 2006 *'' H. degeneri'' Alexander, 1978 *'' H. dives'' ( Brunetti, 1912) *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Tipulidae
Tipulidae is a family of large Crane fly, crane flies in the order Diptera. There are more than 30 genera and 4,200 described species in Tipulidae, common and widespread throughout the world. A crane fly can be identified as a member of Tipulidae by its maxillary palps, which is the pair of appendages that hang down from the front of its head. If the fourth segment (the furthest from the body) of the maxillary palp is longer than the other three combined, then it is likely to be a member of Tipulidae. There are also usually 13 segments in the antennae of large crane flies, compared to 14 or 16 in the common Limoniidae, limoniid crane flies. The oldest fossils that can be assigned confidently to Tipulidae ''sensu stricto'' are those of the genus ''Tipunia,'' which date to the Late Jurassic. Genera These 39 genera belong to the family Tipulidae: * ''Acracantha'' Skuse, 1890 * ''Angarotipula'' Savchenko, 1961 * ''Austrotipula'' Alexander, 1920 * ''Brachypremna'' Osten Sacken, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Pholcidae
The Pholcidae are a Family (biology), family of Araneomorphae, araneomorph spiders. The family contains more than 1,800 individual species of pholcids, including those commonly known as cellar spider, daddy long-legs spider, carpenter spider, daddy long-legger, vibrating spider, gyrating spider, long daddy, and angel spider. The family, first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1850, is divided into 94 genera. The common name "daddy long-legs" is used for several species, especially ''Pholcus phalangioides'', but is also the common name for several other arthropod groups, including Opiliones, harvestmen and Tipuloidea, crane flies. Appearance Pholcids have extremely long and thin legs with flexible Spider anatomy#Appendages, tarsi. They can be distinguished from other long-legged spiders by the eye arrangement: Pholcidae have two groups of three eyes each, and there may be a pair of small eyes in between them. Most have this middle pair present for a total of eight eyes, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crane Fly - (Tipula)
Crane or cranes may refer to: Common meanings * Crane (bird), a large, long-necked bird * Crane (machine), industrial machinery for lifting ** Crane (rail), a crane suited for use on railroads People and fictional characters * Crane (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters with the surname * Crane (given name), a list of people Places Barbados * The Crane, Saint Philip, Barbados United Kingdom * River Crane, Dorset * River Crane, London, a small river of London, branch to the Thames ** Crane (ward), an former electoral ward of Hillingdon London Borough Council that existed from 1978 to 2002 United States * Crane, Indiana, a town * Crane, Missouri, a town * Crane, Montana, a census-designated place and unincorporated community * Crane, Oregon, a census-designated place and unincorporated community * Crane County, Texas ** Crane, Texas, a city and the county seat * Crane, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Crane, Washington, an unincorporated c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Stilts
Stilts are poles, posts or pillars that allow a person or structure to stand at a height above the ground. In flood plains, and on beaches or unstable ground, buildings are often constructed on stilts to protect them from damage by water, waves or shifting soil or sand. Stilts for walking have platforms for the feet and may be strapped to the user's legs. Stilts have been used for many hundreds of years.''Les Echasseurs Namurois''. (visited 2008-03-11) Types ![]() Hand-held Hand-held stilts are used as childhood toys and in circus skills workshops ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the opposite wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan of , the official record for a living bird. The term wingspan, more technically 'extent' , is also used for other winged animals such as pterosaurs, bats, insects, etc., and other aircraft such as ornithopters. In humans, the term wingspan also refers to the arm span, which is the distance between the length from the end of an individual's arm (measured at the fingertips) to the individual's fingertips on the other arm when raised parallel to the ground at shoulder height. Wingspan of aircraft The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, regardless of wing shape or sweep. Implications for aircraft design and animal evolution The lift from wings is proportional to their area, so the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Nephrotoma Appendiculata
''Nephrotoma appendiculata'', the spotted crane fly, is a species of crane fly. Subspecies Subspecies include: *''Nephrotoma appendiculata appendiculata'' (Pierre, 1919) (Northwestern Europe and the Near East) *''Nephrotoma appendiculata pertenua'' Oosterbroek, 1978 (Southwestern Europe and North Africa) Distribution This species is present in most of Europe, in North Africa and in the Near East. Some in Southern Alberta Canada. Habitat These crane flies inhabit woodland edges, gardens, fields, rough grassland, and farmland.Description ''Nephrotoma appendiculata'' has a wingspan of about , and a body length of .[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |