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Thiophanate-methyl
Thiophanate-methyl is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NHC(S)NH(CO)OCH3)2. The compound is a colorless or white solid, although commercial samples are generally tan-colored. It is prepared from ''o''-phenylenediamine. It is a widely used fungicide used on tree, vine, and root crops. In Europe it is applied to tomato, wine grapes, beans, wheat, and aubergine. Methods for its analysis have received considerable attention. It is commonly used to treat botrytis bunch rot and gray mold caused by ''Botrytis cinerea'' strawberry in California. Thiophanate-methyl acts as a fungicide via its primary metabolite carbendazim Carbendazim is a fungicide, a member benzimidazole fungicides. It is a metabolite of benomyl. The fungicide is used to control plant diseases in cereals and fruits, including citrus, bananas, strawberries, macadamia nuts, pineapples, and pomes. .... References {{reflist Fungicides Thioureas Carbamates Methyl esters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O-Phenylenediamine
''o''-Phenylenediamine (OPD) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2. This aromatic diamine is an important precursor to many heterocyclic compounds. OPD is a white compound although samples appear darker owing to oxidation by air. It is isomeric with ''m''-phenylenediamine and ''p''-phenylenediamine. Preparation Commonly, 2-nitrochlorobenzene is treated with ammonia to generate 2-nitroaniline, whose nitro group is then reduced: :ClC6H4NO2 + 2 NH3 → H2NC6H4NO2 + NH4Cl :H2NC6H4NO2 + 3 H2 → H2NC6H4NH2 + 2 H2O In the laboratory, the reduction of the nitroaniline is effected with zinc powder in ethanol, followed by purification of the diamine as the hydrochloride salt. Darkened impure samples can be purified by treatment of its aqueous solution with sodium dithionite and activated carbon. Reactions and uses ''o''-Phenylenediamine condenses with ketones and aldehydes to give rise to various valuable products. Its reactions with formic acids to produce benz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes (e.g. methane ) and its derivatives are universally considered organic, but many others are sometimes considered inorganic, such as certain compounds of carbon with nitrogen and oxygen (e.g. cyanide ion , hydrogen cyanide , chloroformic acid , carbon dioxide , and carbonate ion ). Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, and even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Plant Pathology
''Molecular Plant Pathology'' is a monthly open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the British Society for Plant Pathology. It was established in January 2000 by Gary D. Foster, University of Bristol, who acted as editor-in-chief from 2000 to 2012. The journal covers research concerning plant pathology, in particular its molecular aspects such as plant-pathogen interactions. The current editor-in-chief is Ralph A. Dean (North Carolina State University). The journal had a 2017 impact factor of 4.188, ranking it 17th out of 223 journals in the category "Plant Sciences". The journal became open access in January 2019. Chief editors * Gary D. Foster (2000–2012) * Martin B. Dickman (2012–2017) *Ralph A. Dean Ralph A. Dean is a phytopathologist. Dean earned a bachelor's of science degree from the University of London in 1980 and completed his doctorate at the University of Kentucky in 1986. Upon completing postdoctoral research at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thioureas
In organic chemistry, thioureas are members of a family of organosulfur compounds with the formula and structure . The parent member of this class of compounds is thiourea (). Substituted thioureas are found in several commercial chemicals. Structure and bonding Thioureas have a trigonal planar molecular geometry of the core. The bond distance is near 1.71 Å, which is 0.1 Å longer than in normal ketones (). The C–N bond distances are short. Thioureas occurs in two tautomeric forms. : On the other hand, some compounds depicted as isothioureas and in fact thioureas, one example being mercaptobenzimidazole. Synthesis ''N'',''N''′-unsubstituted thioureas can be prepared by treating the corresponding cyanamide with hydrogen sulfide or similar sulfide sources. Organic ammonium salts react with potassium thiocyanate as the source of the thiocarbonyl (). Alternatively, ''N'',''N''′-disubstituted thioureas can be prepared by coupling two amines with thiophosgen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungicides
Fungicides are pesticides used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores. Fungi can cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in losses of yield and quality. Fungicides are used both in agriculture and to fight fungal infections in animals, including humans. Fungicides are also used to control oomycetes, which are not taxonomically/genetically fungi, although sharing similar methods of infecting plants. Fungicides can either be contact, translaminar or systemic. Contact fungicides are not taken up into the plant tissue and protect only the plant where the spray is deposited. Translaminar fungicides redistribute the fungicide from the upper, sprayed leaf surface to the lower, unsprayed surface. Systemic fungicides are taken up and redistributed through the xylem vessels. Few fungicides move to all parts of a plant. Some are locally systemic, and some move upward. Most fungicides that can be bought retail are sold in liquid form, the active ingredient being present at 0.08% i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbendazim
Carbendazim is a fungicide, a member benzimidazole fungicides. It is a metabolite of benomyl. The fungicide is used to control plant diseases in cereals and fruits, including citrus, bananas, strawberries, macadamia nuts, pineapples, and pomes. A 4.7% solution of carbendazim hydrochloride, sold as Eertavas, is marketed as a treatment for Dutch elm disease. Other uses It is also employed as a casting worm control agent in amenity turf situations such as golf greens, tennis courts etc. and in some countries is licensed for that use only. Safety, regulation, controversy High doses of carbendazim destroy the testicles of laboratory animals. Maximum pesticide residue limits (MRLs) for fresh produce in the EU are between 0.1 and 0.7 mg/kg with the exception of loquat fruits, which is set at 2 mg/kg. The limits for more commonly consumed citrus and pome fruits are between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg. Use of this fungicide on macadamia plantations has proven controversial in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metabolite
In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. The term is usually used for small molecules. Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments, odorants, and pheromones). A primary metabolite is directly involved in normal "growth", development, and reproduction. Ethylene exemplifies a primary metabolite produced large-scale by industrial microbiology. A secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has an important ecological function. Examples include antibiotics and pigments such as resins and terpenes etc. Some antibiotics use primary metabolites as precursors, such as actinomycin, which is created from the primary metabolite tryptophan. Some sugars are metabolites, such as fructose or glucose, which ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Phytopathological Society
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is an international scientific organization devoted to the study of plant diseases (phytopathology). APS promotes the advancement of modern concepts in the science of plant pathology and in plant health management in agricultural, urban and forest settings. The Society has nearly 5,000 plant pathologists and scientists worldwide. It is the oldest and largest organization of its type in the world. It is also a member of the International Society for Plant Pathology. APS provides information on the latest developments and research advances in plant health science through its journals and its publishing arm, APS Press. APS advocates and participates in the exchange of plant health information with public policy makers and the larger scientific community, and it provides advice on education and training. History The society was founded in December 1908 by a group led by Cornelius Lott Shear. The first regular meeting was held in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Disease (journal)
''Plant Disease'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of plant pathology focusing on new diseases, epidemics, and methods of disease control. It is a continuation of ''The Plant Disease Bulletin'' (1917–1922) and ''The Plant Disease Reporter'' (1923–1979), both publications of the US Department of Agriculture. It is currently published by the American Phytopathological Society and edited by Mary Burrows ( Montana State University). Indexing and abstracting According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 4.4. The journal is indexed in the following bibliographic databases: * Academic Search Premier *AGRICOLA * Biosis * Food Science & Technology Abstracts * PASCAL *Science Citation Index *Scopus Scopus is a scientific abstract and citation database, launched by the academic publisher Elsevier as a competitor to older Web of Science in 2004. The ensuing competition between the two databases has been characterized as "intense" and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007. Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities. Blackwell Publishing history Blackwell Publishing was formed by the 2001 merger of two Oxford-based academic publishing companies, Blackwell Science, founded in 1939 as Blackwell Scientific Publishing, and Blackwell Publishers, founded in 1922 as Basil Blackwell & Mott. Blackwell Publishers, founded in 1926, had its origins in the 19th century Blackwell's family bookshop and publishing business. The merger between the two publishing companies created the world's leading learned society publisher. The group then acquired BMJ Boo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Society For Plant Pathology
The British Society for Plant Pathology, or BSPP, is a UK-based organisation of British plant pathologists but accepts members from all countries. It was founded in 1981 and publishes three scientific journals: ''Plant Pathology'', ''Molecular Plant Pathology'' and ''New Disease Reports''. The BSPP has links to the International Society for Plant Pathology. The organisation gives an annual award for the best student paper published in one of society's journals. The P. H. Gregory prize is awarded to the best presenter of an oral paper at the annual presidential meeting. Like other organisations of its type it arranges conferences and also awards various scholarships and fellowship A fellow is a title and form of address for distinguished, learned, or skilled individuals in academia, medicine, research, and industry. The exact meaning of the term differs in each field. In learned or professional societies, the term refers ...s. History The Federation of British Plant Pathol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botrytis Cinerea
''Botrytis cinerea'' is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes. In viticulture, it is commonly known as "botrytis bunch rot"; in horticulture, it is usually called "grey mould" or "gray mold". The fungus gives rise to two different kinds of infections on grapes. The first, grey rot, is the result of consistently wet or humid conditions, and typically results in the loss of the affected bunches. The second, noble rot, occurs when drier conditions follow wetter, and can result in distinctive sweet dessert wines, such as Sauternes, the Aszú of Tokaji, or Grasă de Cotnari. The species name ''Botrytis cinerea'' is derived from the Latin for "grapes like ashes"; although poetic, the "grapes" refers to the bunching of the fungal spores on their conidiophores, and "ashes" just refers to the greyish colour of the spores ''en masse''. The fungus is usually referred to by its anamorph (asexual form) name, because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
