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The Indigenous Famous Six
The Indigenous Famous Six was created by The Feminist Alliance for International Action for the purpose of advocating for Indigenous women's rights. This collective action by six Indigenous women is similar to the collective effort taken by the " Famous Five" that gained Canadian women the right to vote. Collectively the Indigenous Famous Six were active in challenging the sex discrimination in the ''Indian Act'' in Canada during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. While the first Indigenous woman to speak out nationally and internationally about the sex discrimination in the ''Indian Act'' in the 1960s was Mary Two-Axe Earley, the members of the Indigenous Famous Six consisted of six contemporary women who were active in challenging the sex discrimination in the ''Indian Act'' either as plaintiffs, international actors and/or proponents at the senate level: Jeannette Corbiere Lavell, Yvonne Bedard, Senator Sandra Lovelace-Nicolas, Sharon McIvor, Dr. Lynn Gehl, and Senator ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Famous Five (Canada)
The Famous Five (), also known as The Valiant Five, and initially as The Alberta Five, were five prominent Canadian suffragists who advocated for women and children: Henrietta Muir Edwards, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, Emily Murphy, and Irene Parlby. On August 27, 1927, they petitioned the federal government to refer the issue of the eligibility of women to be senator to the Supreme Court of Canada. This petition was the foundation of the '' Persons Case,'' a leading constitutional decision. Although most Canadian women had the vote in federal elections and all provinces but Quebec by 1927, the case was part of a larger drive for political equality. This was the first step towards equality for women in Canada and was the start to the first wave of feminism. The question the federal government posed to the Supreme Court was: "Does the word 'Persons' in Section 24 of the ''British North America Act, 1867'', include female persons?" In 1928, the Supreme Court unanimousl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onondaga People
The Onondaga people (Onontaerrhonon, Onondaga language, Onondaga: , "People of the Hills") are one of the five original nations of the Iroquois, Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy in the Northeastern Woodlands. Their historical homelands are in and around present-day Onondaga County, New York, south of Lake Ontario. Being centrally located, they are considered the "Keepers of the Fire" ( in Tuscarora language, Tuscarora) in the figurative longhouse that shelters the Five Nations. The Cayuga tribe, Cayuga and Seneca tribe, Seneca have territory to their west and the Oneida tribe, Oneida and Mohawk nation, Mohawk to their east. For this reason, the League of the Iroquois historically met at the Iroquois government's capital at Onondaga (village), Onondaga, as the traditional chiefs do today. In the United States, the home of the Onondaga Nation is the Onondaga Reservation. Onondaga people also live near Brantford, Ontario on Six Nations of the Grand River, Six Nations territory. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kim Pate
Kimberly Pate (born November 10, 1959) is a Canadian politician who has served as a senator from Ontario since November 10, 2016, sitting with the Independent Senators Group (ISG) caucus. Pate was appointed on the advice of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. Background Pate grew up in a military family and attended the University of Victoria, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1980. She later graduated from Dalhousie Law School in 1984 with honours in the Clinical Law Programme and has completed post graduate work in the area of forensic mental health. In 2014, she was named a member of the Order of Canada for advocating on behalf of women who are marginalized, victimized or incarcerated, and for her research on women in the criminal justice system. Pate is a former executive director of the Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies. In 2011 she was a recipient of the Governor General's Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case. On October 31, 2016, it was announced t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marilou McPhedran
Marilou McPhedran (born July 22, 1951) is a Canadian lawyer, human rights advocate and politician. Since October 2016, McPhedran is a member of the Senate of Canada. She was the Principal (dean) of the University of Winnipeg Global College in Manitoba, Canada between 2008 and 2012. Biography McPhedran was born and raised in rural Manitoba. She graduated with a law degree from Osgoode Hall, York University and was called to the Bar of Ontario, Canada in 1978. She was granted an honorary Doctorate of Laws from the University of Winnipeg in 1992 and completed her master's in law ( LL.M.) in comparative constitutional law at Osgoode Hall in 2004. Legal career McPhedran's work has focused on the promotion of human rights through systemic reform in law, medicine, education and governance in Canada and internationally. She has co-founded several widely recognized non-profit systemic change organizations, including the Women's Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF), which has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamela Palmater
Pamela Palmater (born 1970) is a Mi'kmaq social justice activist, lawyer, and academic from New Brunswick, Canada. She was noted as a leading voice in the 2013 Idle No More movement, and was cited heavily in the final report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Palmater is a professor in the Department of Politics and Public Administration at Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University). She is a frequent political and legal commentator, appearing on such network as, Aboriginal Peoples Television Network's InFocus, CTV, and CBC. Early life Palmater's family is from Eel River, New Brunswick. She is a member of the Eel River Bar First Nation. Pamela's parents decided to move the family to St. Mary's area in Frederiction in hopes of giving a better life for their children. After her parents parted ways, she lived for several years in the uptown area of Fredericton with her mother and her 2 sisters. Education She gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Eberts
Mary Anne Eberts (born January 18, 1947) is a Canadian constitutional lawyer and a former University of Toronto Faculty of Law faculty member. She is a founding member of the Women's Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF) Early life and education Eberts was born in St. Thomas, Ontario. Eberts was educated at University of Western Ontario and Harvard Law School. Career Eberts taught law at the University of Toronto (U of T) for six years before joining a Bay Street law firm where she became a partner. She eventually opened her own law practice in 1980, from where she appeared as counsel in the Supreme Court of Canada, Courts of Appeal, and Superior Courts in Ontario. She was influential in the creation of the ''Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' Section 15. She published "''Equality Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms''" in 1985. Eberts eventually returned to U of T as an adjunct professor in 1987 to teach constitutional law. In 1991, Eberts became a l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Standing Senate Committee On Aboriginal Peoples
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms
The ''Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' (), often simply referred to as the ''Charter'' in Canada, is a bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada, forming the first part of the '' Constitution Act, 1982''. The ''Charter'' guarantees certain political rights to Canadian citizens and guarantees the civil rights of everyone in Canada. It is designed to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights. The ''Charter'' was proclaimed in force by Queen Elizabeth II of Canada on April 17, 1982, as part of the ''Constitution Act, 1982''. The ''Charter'' was preceded by the '' Canadian Bill of Rights'', enacted in 1960, which was a federal statute rather than a constitutional document. The ''Bill of Rights'' exemplified an international trend towards formalizing human rights protections following the United Nations' ''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'', instigated by the country's movement for human rights and freedoms that emerged af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Act, 1982
The ''Constitution Act, 1982'' () is a part of the Constitution of Canada.Formally enacted as Schedule B of the '' Canada Act 1982'', enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Section 60 of the ''Constitution Act, 1982'' states that the Act may be called the "''Constitution Act, 1982''", and that the ''Constitution Acts'' can be collectively called the "''Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982''". The Act was introduced as part of Canada's process of patriating the constitution, introducing several amendments to the ''British North America Act, 1867'', including re-naming it the ''Constitution Act, 1867''.Section 1 of the ''British North America Act, 1867'' was amended to be re-named as the ''Constitution Act, 1867.'' Section 20 of the ''Constitution Act, 1867'' was repealed and replaced by section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; and sections 91(1) and 92(1) were repealed: ''Constitution Act, 1982'', s. 53 and Schedule, Item 1. A new section, s. 92A, was al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of Canada
The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC; , ) is the highest court in the judicial system of Canada. It comprises nine justices, whose decisions are the ultimate application of Canadian law, and grants permission to between 40 and 75 litigants each year to appeal decisions rendered by provincial, territorial and federal appellate courts. The Supreme Court is bijural, hearing cases from two major legal traditions (common law and civil law) and bilingual, hearing cases in both official languages of Canada (English and French). The effects of any judicial decision on the common law, on the interpretation of statutes, or on any other application of law, can, in effect, be nullified by legislation, unless the particular decision of the court in question involves application of the Canadian Constitution, in which case, the decision (in most cases) is completely binding on the legislative branch. This is especially true of decisions which touch upon the ''Canadian Charter of Rights and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indspire Awards
The Indspire Awards, until 2012 the National Aboriginal Achievement Awards, are annual awards presented by Indspire in Canada. The awards are intended to celebrate and encourage excellence in the Aboriginal community in Canada. About The awards were first established in 1993, and presented in 1994, in conjunction with the United Nations-declared International Decade of the World's Indigenous People. The awards are intended to celebrate and encourage excellence in the Indigenous community. Awards may be presented in a variety of categories, depending on the particular achievements of Aboriginal people in the nominating period—14 awards are presented each year including one for Lifetime Achievement and three special Youth Awards, one each for First Nations, Inuit and Métis, that comes with a cash prize of $10,000 and 10 career categories with not all individual career categories necessarily presented annually. To be eligible an individual must be of either First Nations, Inui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Act
The ''Indian Act'' () is a Canadian Act of Parliament that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. First passed in 1876 and still in force with amendments, it is the primary document that defines how the Government of Canada interacts with the 614 First Nation bands in Canada and their members. Throughout its long history, the act has been a subject of controversy and has been interpreted in different ways by both Indigenous Canadians and non-Indigenous Canadians. The legislation has been amended many times, including "over five major changes" made in 2002. The act is very wide-ranging in scope, covering governance, land use, healthcare, education, and more on Indian reserves. Notably, the original ''Indian Act'' defines two elements that affect all Indigenous Canadians: * It says how reserves and bands can operate. The act sets out rules for governing Indian reserves, defines how bands can be created, and defines the powers of "ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
