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Tetraphenylarsonium Chloride
Tetraphenylarsonium chloride is the organoarsenic compound with the formula (C6H5)4AsCl. This white solid is the chloride salt of the tetraphenylarsonium cation, which is tetrahedral. Typical of related quat salts, it is soluble in polar organic solvents. It often is used as a hydrate. Synthesis and reactions It is prepared by neutralization of tetraphenylarsonium chloride hydrochloride, which is produced from triphenylarsine: :(C6H5)3As + Br2 → (C6H5)3AsBr2 :(C6H5)3AsBr2 + H2O → (C6H5)3AsO + 2 HBr : (C6H5)3AsO + C6H5MgBr → (C6H5)4AsOMgBr :(C6H5)4AsOMgBr + 3 HCl → (C6H5)4AsCl.HCl + MgBrCl :(C6H5)4AsCl.HCl + NaOH → (C6H5)4AsCl + NaCl + H2O Like other quat salts, it is used to solubilize polyatomic anions in organic media. To this end, aqueous or methanolic solutions containing the anion of interest are treated with a solution of tetraphenylarsonium chloride, typically resulting in precipitation of the tetraphenylarsonium anion salt. Rel ...
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Organoarsenic Compound
Organoarsenic chemistry is the chemistry of Chemical compound, compounds containing a chemical bond between arsenic and carbon. A few organoarsenic compounds, also called "organoarsenicals," are produced industrially with uses as insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. In general these applications are declining in step with growing concerns about their impact on the environment and human health. The parent compounds are arsane and arsenic acid. Despite their toxicity, organoarsenic biomolecules are well known. History file:Cacodyl Structural Formula V.3.svg, 140px, Cacodyl (tetramethyldiarsine) was one of the first organoarsenic compounds. Surprising for an area now considered of minor importance, organoarsenic chemistry played a prominent role in chemistry's history. The oldest known organoarsenic compound, the foul smelling cacodyl was reported in "cacodyl" (1760) and is sometimes classified as the first synthetic organometallic compound. The compound Salvarsan was one of the ...
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Triphenylarsine
Triphenylarsine is the chemical compound with the formula As(C6H5)3. This organoarsenic compound, often abbreviated As Ph3, is a colorless crystalline solid that is used as a ligand and a reagent in coordination chemistry and organic synthesis. The molecule is pyramidal with As-C distances of 1.942–1.956 Å and C-As-C angles of 99.6–100.5°. This compound is prepared by the Wurtz reaction of arsenic trichloride with chlorobenzene using sodium as the reducing agent: :AsCl3 + 3 PhCl + 6 Na → AsPh3 + 6 NaCl Reactions Reaction of triphenylarsine with lithium gives lithium diphenylarsenide and phenyllithium: :AsPh3 + 2 Li → LiAsPh2 + LiPh Triphenylarsine is the precursor to tetraphenylarsonium chloride, sPh4l, a popular precipitating agent. AsPh3 forms metal complexes with metals. Most are analogues of the corresponding triphenylphosphine derivatives. Examples include rCl(CO)(AsPh3)sub>2, hCl(AsPh3)3 and e(CO)4(AsPh3) Tetraphenylarsonium chloride Tetrap ...
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Tetraphenylphosphonium Chloride
Tetraphenylphosphonium chloride is the chemical compound with the formula , abbreviated or or , where Ph stands for phenyl. Tetraphenylphosphonium and especially tetraphenylarsonium salts were formerly of interest in gravimetric analysis of perchlorate and related oxyanions. This colourless salt is used to generate lipophilic salts from inorganic and organometallic anions. Thus, is useful as a phase-transfer catalyst, again because it allows inorganic anions to dissolve in organic solvents. Structure and basic properties The structure of this salt is . It consists of tetraphenylphosphonium cations and chloride anions . The cation is tetrahedral around the phosphorus atom. PPh4Cl crystallises as the anhydrous salt, which is the normal item of commerce, as well as a monohydrate and a dihydrate. In X-ray crystallography, salts are of interest as they often crystallise easily. The rigidity of the phenyl groups facilitates packing and elevates the melting point relative to alkyl ...
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Tetrabutylammonium Chloride
Tetrabutylammonium chloride is the organic compound with the formula , often abbreviated as , where Bu stands for ''n''-butyl. A white water-soluble solid, it is a quaternary ammonium salt of chloride. It sees use as a phase-transfer catalyst, although it is less popular that the corresponding bromine salt TBAC. It can also undergo salt metathesis reactions to form a variety of other tetrabutylammonium salts. Often tetrabutylammonium bromide is preferred as a source of tetrabutylammonium because it is less hygroscopic Hygroscopy is the phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules via either absorption (chemistry), absorption or adsorption from the surrounding Natural environment, environment, which is usually at normal or room temperature. If water mol ... than the chloride. References Tetrabutylammonium salts Chlorides {{alkanederivative-stub ...
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Tetraethylammonium Chloride
Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula , sometimes written as . In appearance, it is a hygroscopic, colorless, crystalline solid. It has been used as the source of tetraethylammonium ions in pharmacological and physiological studies, but is also used in organic chemical synthesis. Preparation and structure TEAC is produced by alkylation of triethylamine with ethyl chloride. TEAC exists as either of two stable hydrates, the monohydrate and tetrahydrate. The crystal structure of has been determined, as has that of the tetrahydrate, . Details for the preparation of large, prismatic crystals of are given by Harmon and Gabriele, who carried out Infrared spectroscopy, IR-spectroscopic studies on this and related compounds. These researchers have also pointed out that, although freshly-purified is free of triethylamine hydrochloride, small quantities of this compound form on heating of TEAC as the result of a Hofmann elimination ...
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Chlorides
The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine anion (), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (). The pronunciation of the word "chloride" is . Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often soluble in water.Green, John, and Sadru Damji. "Chapter 3." ''Chemistry''. Camberwell, Vic.: IBID, 2001. Print. It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating liquid flow in and out of cells. Other examples of ionic chlorides include potassium chloride (), calcium chloride (), and ammonium chloride (). Examples of covalent chlorides include methyl chloride (), carbon tetrachloride (), sulfuryl chloride (), and monochloramine (). Electronic properties A chloride ion (diameter 167  pm) is much larger than a chlorine atom (diameter 99 pm ...
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