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Tabi'in
The tābiʿūn (, also accusative or genitive tābiʿīn , singular ''tābiʿ'' ), "followers" or "successors", are the generation of Muslims who followed the companions (''ṣaḥāba'') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and thus received their teachings secondhand. A ''tābiʿ'' knew at least one ''ṣaḥābī''. As such, they played an important part in the development of Islamic thought and knowledge, and in the political development of the early caliphate. The next generation of Muslims after the ''tabiʿūn'' are called the '' tābiʿ at-tābiʿīn'' . The first three generations of Muhammad's followers make up the ''salaf'' of Islam. Sunni definition Muslims from the Sunni branch of Islam define a ''tābiʿ'' as a Muslim who: # Saw at least one of the companions of Muhammad # Was rightly-guided (''ar-rāšidūn'') # One who died in that state. The Khawarij are therefore not referred to as tābiʿūn even though they saw many of Muhammad's companions. Sunni Muslims also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Companions Of The Prophet
The Companions of the Prophet () were the Muslim disciples and followers of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime. The companions played a major role in Muslim battles, society, hadith narration, and governance during and after the life of Muhammad. The era of the companions began following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, and ended in 110 AH (728 CE) when the last companion Abu al-Tufayl died. Later Islamic scholars accepted their testimony of the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Quran was revealed and other important matters in Islamic history and practice. The testimony of the companions, as it was passed down through trusted chains of narrators ('' asānīd''), was the basis of the developing Islamic tradition. From the traditions (''hadith'') of the life of Muhammad and his companions are drawn the Muslim way of life (''sunnah''), the code of conduct (''sharia'') it requires, and Islamic jurisprudence (''fiqh''). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salaf
Salaf (, "ancestors" or "predecessors"), also often referred to with the honorific expression of al-salaf al-ṣāliḥ (, "the pious predecessors"), are often taken to be the first three generations of Muslims. This comprises companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (the ), their followers (the ), and the followers of the followers (the ). Their religious significance lay in the statement attributed to Muhammad: "The best of my community are my generation, the ones who follow them and the ones who follow them", a period believed to exemplify the purest form of Islam. The generations of Muslims after the third are referred to as the Khalaf. Second generation The Tabi‘un, the successors of Sahabah. * Amir al-Sha'bi * Abu Muslim Al-Khawlani * Abu Suhail an-Nafi' ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman * Al-Ahnaf * Malik Ibn Anas * Abu Hanifa * Ja'far al-Sadiq * Al-Rabi Ibn Khuthaym * Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn, Ali Akbar * Ali ibn Husayn, Ali ibn Husayn (Zain-ul-'Abidin) * Alqama ibn Qays al-Nakha' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Jurayj
Abd al-Malik ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Jurayj (, 80 AH/699 CE - 150 AH/767 CE) was an eighth-century ''faqīh'', exegete and hadith transmitter from the Taba' at-Tabi'in. Biography Ibn Jurayj was born in Mecca in 80 AH/699 CE. His father Abd al-Aziz was reportedly a ''faqīh'', while his grandfather Jurayj was of Byzantine Empire, Byzantine origin; Jurayj is an Arabic rendition of the Greek language, Greek name Gregory (given name), Grēgórios. He was raised as a ''mawla'' (client) of the Al-Khalid ibn Asid clan of Banu Umayya, who had enslaved his grandfather. At the age of 15, he was accepted to the study circle of Meccan jurist Ata ibn Abi Rabah after previously being rejected for lacking knowledge on Quran recitation and Islamic inheritance jurisprudence, Islamic inheritance laws. After remaining with Ata for around 18 years, he left to study under Amr ibn Dinar until 120 AH/738 CE. During this period, he also attended the lectures of Mujahid ibn Jabr, Ibn Abi Mulayka and Nafi Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any Succession to Muhammad, successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Muslim community, being appointed at the meeting of Saqifa. This contrasts with the Succession of ʿAlī (Shia Islam), Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed Ali, Ali ibn Abi Talib () as his successor. Nevertheless, Sunnis revere Ali, along with Abu Bakr, Umar () and Uthman () as 'Rashidun, rightly-guided caliphs'. The term means those who observe the , the practices of Muhammad. The Quran, together with hadith (especially the Six Books) and (scholarly consensus), form the basis of all Fiqh, traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sharia legal rulings are derived from these basic sources, in conjunction with Istislah, consideration of Maslaha, public welfare and Istihsan, jur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Kathir Al-Makki
Abū Maʿbad (or Abū Bakr) ʿAbd Allāh ibn Kathīr al-Dārānī al-Makkī, better known as Ibn Kathir al-Makki (665–737 CE 5–120 AH, was one of the transmitters of the seven canonical Qira'at, or methods of reciting the Qur'an.Muhammad Ghoniem and MSM SaifullahThe Ten Readers & Their Transmitters (c) Islamic Awareness. Updated January 8, 2002; accessed April 11, 2016. His recitations were generally popular among the people of Mecca.Peter G. RiddellIslamic scripture and textual materials p. 18. Taken from ''Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses''. London: C. Hurst & Co., 2001. Biography Al-Makki was born in Mecca and was one of the Tabi‘un.Imām ibn Kathīr al-Makkī . © 2013 Prophetic Guidance. Published June 16, 2013. Accessed April 13, 2016. His family was of |
Ibn Shihab Al-Zuhri
Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Abd Allah ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (; died 124 AH/741-2 CE), also referred to as Ibn Shihab or az-Zuhri, was a ''tabi'i'' Arab jurist and traditionist credited with pioneering the development of '' sīra-maghazi'' and hadith literature. Raised in Medina, he studied hadith and ''maghazi'' under Medinese traditionists before rising to prominence at the Umayyad court, where he served in a number of religious and administrative positions. He transmitted several thousand hadith included in the six canonical Sunni hadith collections and his work on ''maghazi'' forms the basis of the extant biographies of Muhammad. His relationship with the Umayyads has been debated by both early and modern Sunnis, Shias and Western orientalists. Biography Early life and career Muhammad ibn Muslim az-Zuhri was born in the city of Medina. His father Muslim was a supporter of the Zubayrids during the Second Fitna, while his great-grandfather Abd Allah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Sirin
Muhammad Ibn Sirin (, romanized: Muḥammad Ibn Sirīn) (born in Basra) was a Muslim tabi' as he was a contemporary of Anas ibn Malik. He is claimed by some to have been an interpreter of dreams, though others regard the books to have been falsely attributed to him. Once regarded as the same person as Achmet son of Seirim, this is no longer believed to be true, as shown by Maria Mavroudi.Maria Mavroudi, ''A Byzantine Book on Dream Interpretation: the ''Oneirocriticon'' of Achmet and its Arabic Sources'', (Leiden, Boston, and Köln: Brill, 2002). Biography According to Yehia Gouda's reference book on Muslim oneiromancy ''Dreams and Their Meanings'' (, published in 1991), Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Sirin Al-Ansari (33-110 AH; 654–728), was born in Basra, as mentioned, in 654, i.e., the 33rd year after Muhammad's leaving from Makkah to the then Medina. His birth came two years before the end of the rule of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan. Muhammad's father (the name Abu Bakr was seldo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasan Al-Basri
Abi Sa'id al-Hasan ibn Yasar al-Basri, often referred to as al-Hasan al-Basri, was an ancient Muslim preacher, ascetic, theologian, exegete, scholar, and judge. Born in Medina in 642,Mourad, Suleiman A., “al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī”, in: ''Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE'', Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Hasan belonged to the second generation of Muslims, all of whom would subsequently be referred to as the '' tābiʿūn'' in Sunni Islamic piety. He became one of "the most celebrated" of the ''tābiʿūn'', enjoying an "acclaimed scholarly career and an even more remarkable posthumous legacy in Islamic scholarship." Hasan, revered for his austerity and support for "renunciation" (''zuhd''), preached against worldliness and materialism during the early days of the Umayyad Caliphate, with his passionate sermons casting a "deep impression on his contemporaries."Ritter, H., “Ḥasan al-Baṣrī”, in: ''Encyclopaedia of Islam, Seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahnaf Ibn Qais
Abu Bahr Al-Ahnaf ibn Qays () was a Muslim commander who lived during the time of Islamic prophet Muhammad. He hailed from the Arab tribe of Banu Tamim and was born of noble parents. Initially, his father named him ad-Dhahhak, but people called him ''al-Ahnaf'', which meant "the clubfooted" in classical Arabic. Al-Baladhuri, however, noted that he was also identified as Abdallah ibn Khazim. Early life In the early years of Islam, Muhammad sent a missionary to the tribe of Banu Tamim. The tribe members had informed the missionary that no decision could be taken until Al-Ahnaf told them his opinion. Al-Ahnaf listened and questioned the missionary who succeeded in persuading him and his entire tribe to embrace Islam. Al-Ahnaf had never met Muhammad in his lifetime. After Muhammad's death in 632, a number of tribes rebelled for different reasons, al-Ahnaf and his people, however, remained Muslims. When he heard about Musaylimah's claim of prophecy, al-Ahnaf went with his uncle to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasan Ibn Muhammad Ibn Al-Hanafiyyah
Al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyya (Arabic: الحسن بن محمد بن الحنفية) (died 718 CE/100 AH) was one of the Salaf and a narrator of hadith. He was the son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya and the brother of Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Among the Isnad he is included in is the Hadith of prohibition of Mut'ah at Khaybar. Legacy Sunni view Tahdhib al-Tahdhib judged the two sons of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya to be weak, arguing that one was a murijee, and the other to be a Shi'a. Ibn Sa'd Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī or simply Ibn Sa'd () and nicknamed ''Scribe of Waqidi'' (''Katib al-Waqidi''), was a scholar and Arabian biographer. Ibn Sa'd was born in 784/785 CE (168 AH) and di ... stated: The Book of the Major Classes Family Tree References Taba‘ at-Tabi‘in hadith narrators Year of birth missing Place of birth missing Place of death missing 719 dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hammam Ibn Munabbih
Hammam ibn Munabbih () was an Islamic scholar, from among the Tabi‘in and one of the narrators of hadith. Biography Family Hammam was the son of Munabbih ibn Kamil and brother of Wahb ibn Munabbih. Students According to the ''Siyar A'lam al-Nubala''' of Al-Dhahabi, Hammam would teach one of his main students, Ma'mar ibn Rashid, about the traditions of Abu Hurayra in Medina. Subsequently, Ma'mar travelled to and lived out the rest of his life in Sanaa. Later, Mam'ar's traditions were transmitted to ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani, Abdullah b. al-Mubarak, and others. Death There is disagreement among scholars on the date of Hammam's death. Two conflicting clusters of dates exist for Hummam's death in biographical dictionaries. The first cluster being 101 or 102AH/719-720, the second being 131 or 132AH/749-750. The more common death date in the sources is 749/750, and Harald Motzki has proposed that the alternative date may have been a product of a copying error. Sahifa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ata Ibn Abi Rabah
Ata ibn Abi Rabah (; ) was a prominent early Muslim jurist and hadith transmitter of Nubian origin who served as the ''mufti'' of Mecca in the late seventh and early eighth centuries. He is considered a leading figure of the early Meccan school of ''fiqh''. Early life Ata was born in the town of Muwalladi l-Janad in Yemen. Although early biographical sources differ on the exact year of his birth, it is generally accepted he was born towards the beginning of Uthman ibn Affan's reign, . His mother was a Nubian basket weaver while his father, named Aslam, is described as being dark-skinned and flat-nosed. Ata was a cripple and possessed a limp, and while he was born with one healthy eye, he later went completely blind. Life as a scholar Ata was raised in Mecca as a ''mawla'' (client) of the Qurayshi Abu Khuthaym al-Fihri, where he worked as a Quran teacher, before being recognised for his expertise in ''fiqh''. He was later appointed mufti of the city by the Umayyads and ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
