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Ta'tili
In Islamic theology, taʿṭīl () means "divesting" God of Attributes of God in Islam, attributes. The word literally means to suspend and stop the work and refers to a form of apophatic theology which is said because God bears no resemblance to his creatures and because the concepts available to man are limited and depends on his perceptions of his surroundings, so he has no choice but to remain silent about the divine attributes and suffice with the explanations given in the Quran and hadiths. ''Taʿṭīl'' is the polar opposite of ''tashbīh'' (anthropomorphism or anthropopathism), the ascription to God of physical characteristics or human attributes such as emotion. Both ''taʿṭīl'' and ''tashbīh'' are considered sins or heresies in mainstream Islam, frequently associated with a sect described by Sunni heresiography as the Jahmiyya. The corrective doctrine against ''taʿṭīl'' is ''tathbīt'' (confirming God's attributes), and the corrective against ''tashbīh'' is ''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apophatic Theology
Apophatic theology, also known as negative theology, is a form of theology, theological thinking and religious practice which attempts to Problem of religious language, approach God, the Divine, by negation, to speak only in terms of what may not be said about the perfect goodness that is God. It forms a pair together with cataphatic theology (also known as ''affirmative theology''), which approaches God or the Divine by affirmations or positive statements about what God ''is''. The apophatic tradition is often, though not always, allied with the approach of mysticism, which aims at the vision of God, the perception of the divine reality beyond the realm of Perception, ordinary perception. Etymology and definition "Apophatic", (noun); from ἀπόφημι ''apophēmi'', meaning 'to deny'. From ''Online Etymology Dictionary'': or (Latin), 'negative way' or 'by way of denial'. The negative way forms a pair together with the ''kataphatic'' or positive way. According to Deir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabia
The Arabian Peninsula (, , or , , ) or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated north-east of Africa on the Arabian plate. At , comparable in size to India, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world. Geographically, the Arabian Peninsula comprises Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Yemen, as well as southern Iraq and Jordan. The largest of these is Saudi Arabia. In the Roman era, the Sinai Peninsula was also considered a part of Arabia. The Arabian Peninsula formed as a result of the rifting of the Red Sea between 56 and 23 million years ago, and is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and south-west, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the north-east, the Levant and Mesopotamia to the north and the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean to the south-east. The peninsula plays a critical geopolitical role in the Arab world and globally due to its vast reserves of petroleum, oil and natural gas. Before the mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aseity
Aseity (from Latin "from" and "self", plus '' -ity'') (self-existence, self-causation, self-causality and autocausality) is the property by which a being exists of and from itself. It refers to the monotheistic belief that God does not depend on any cause other than himself for his existence, realization, or end, and has within himself his own reason of existence. This represents God as absolutely independent and self-existent by nature. While commonly discussed in Christian theology, many Jewish and Muslim theologians have also believed God to be independent in this way. This quality of independence and self-existence has been affirmed under various names by theologians going back to antiquity, though the use of the word 'aseity' began only in the Middle Ages. Meaning Aseity has two aspects, one negative and one positive: absolute independence and self-existence. W. N. Clarke writes: In its negative meaning, which emerged first in the history of thought, it seityaffirms that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tashbih
In Islamic theology, anthropomorphism (''tashbīh''; ) and corporealism (''tajsīm'') refer to beliefs in the human-like ( anthropomorphic) and materially embedded (corporeal) form of God, an idea that has been classically described assimilating or comparing God to the creatures created by God. An anthropormorphist is referred to as a ''mushabbih'' (pl. ''mushabbiha''), and a corporealist is referred to as a ''mujassim'' (pl. ''mujassima''). Questions of anthropomorphism and corporealism have historically been closely related to discussions of the attributes of God in Islam. By contrast, belief in the transcendence of God is called '' tanzih''. ''Tanzih'' is widely accepted in Islam today, though in the past, it stridently competed with alternative, including anthropomorphic, views, especially up to the year 950, and anthropomorphism briefly attained "orthodox" recognition around or after the Mihna. In premodern times, corporealist views were said to have been more socially promi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omnipotence
Omnipotence is the property of possessing maximal power. Monotheistic religions generally attribute omnipotence only to the deity of their faith. In the monotheistic religious philosophy of Abrahamic religions, omnipotence is often listed as one of God's characteristics, along with omniscience, omnipresence, and omnibenevolence. Etymology The word ''omnipotence'' derives from the Latin prefix ''omni''-, meaning "all", and the word ''potens'', meaning "potent" or "powerful". Thus the term means "all-powerful". Meanings Scholasticism The term omnipotent has been used to connote a number of different positions. These positions include, but are not limited to, the following: # A deity is able to do anything that it chooses to do. (In this version, God can do the impossible and something contradictory.) # A deity is able to do anything that is in accord with its own nature (thus, for instance, if it is a logical consequence of a deity's nature that what it speaks is truth, then i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omniscience
Omniscience is the property of possessing maximal knowledge. In Hinduism, Sikhism and the Abrahamic religions, it is often attributed to a divine being or an all-knowing spirit, entity or person. In Jainism, omniscience is an attribute that any individual can eventually attain. In Buddhism, there are differing beliefs about omniscience among different schools. Etymology The word ''omniscience'' derives from the Latin word ''wikt:sciens, sciens'' ("to know" or "conscious") and the prefix ''wikt:omni, omni'' ("all" or "every"), but also means "Eye of Providence, all-seeing". In religion Buddhism The topic of omniscience has been much debated in various Indian traditions, but no more so than by the Buddhists. After Dharmakirti's excursions into the subject of pramana, what constitutes a valid cognition, Śāntarakṣita and his student Kamalaśīla thoroughly investigated the subject in the Tattvasamgraha and its commentary the Panjika. The arguments in the text can be broadly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufyan Ibn ʽUyaynah
Abū Muḥammad Sufyān ibn ʽUyaynah ibn Maymūn al-Hilālī al-Kūfī () (725 – ) was a prominent eighth-century Islamic religious scholar from Mecca. He was from the third generation of Islam referred to as the Tabi' al-Tabi'in, "the followers of the followers". He specialized in the field of hadith and Tafsir, Quran exegesis and was described by al-Dhahabi as Shaykh al-Islām, Shaykh al-Islam—a preeminent Islamic authority. Some of his students achieved much renown in their own right, establishing Madhhab, schools of thought that have survived until the present. Biography Ibn ʽUyaynah's father, ʽUyaynah ibn Abī ʻImrān, was originally from Kufa in present day Iraq where he was a governor for Khālid ibn ʻAbdillāh al-Qasrī. However, when al-Qasrī was removed from his position his successor sought out his governors causing ʽUyaynah to flee to Mecca where he then settled. Ibn ʽUyaynah was born in the year 725-6 CE/107 AH. He was the client (mawla, ''mawlā'') of M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isma'ilism
Ismailism () is a branch of Shia Islam. The Isma'ili () get their name from their acceptance of Imam Isma'il ibn Jafar as the appointed spiritual successor (Imamate in Nizari doctrine, imām) to Ja'far al-Sadiq, wherein they differ from the Twelver Shia, who accept Musa al-Kazim, the younger brother of Isma'il, as the Imamah (Shia doctrine), true Imām. After the death of Muhammad ibn Isma'il in the 8th century CE, the teachings of Ismailism further transformed into the belief system as it is known today, with an explicit concentration on the deeper, esoteric meaning () of the Islamic religion. With the eventual development of Usulism and Akhbarism into the more literalistic () oriented, Shia Islam developed into two separate directions: the metaphorical Ismaili, Alevism, Alevi, Bektashi Order, Bektashi, Alians, Alian, and Alawites, Alawite groups focusing on the mysticism, mystical path and nature of God in Islam, God, along with the "Imam of the Time" representing the mani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jahmi
Jahmiyya is a term used by Islamic scholars to refer to the followers of the doctrines of Jahm bin Safwan (d. 128/746). The Jahmiyya particularly came to be remembered for advocating for the denial or negation of God's divine attributes (known as the doctrine of '' taʿṭīl'') as a product of their beliefs regarding affirming God's transcendentness from limits, potentially following late antique Neoplatonist currents. Jahm and those associated with his theological creed appear as prominent heretics in Sunni heresiography, and to be called a Jahmi became an insult or polemic, especially with respect to proponents of Ash'arism, who were called Jahmiyya on account of the accusation of fatalism and denial of God's attributes by Ibn Taymiyya and his followers, positions they say originated with Jahm. The term has also been used to pejoratively label Mu'tazilites. The views of Jahm and his followers are rejected by the four schools of thought in Sunni Islam and are not accepted a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samee
Samee (), also spelt as Sameeh is a name which means one who hears. It is a convention to use either a prefix "''Abd-"'' or a suffix "-''Ullah"'' along the name, which gives meanings of "Abdul Samee" - "the servant/slave of All-Hearer/ All-Hearing" or Samiullah/Sameeullah - "All-Hearer/ All-Hearing of God" respectively. "As-Samee" is one of the names of Allah meaning the" All-Hearer/ All-Hearing" - which the common expression that it is only Allah who hears and responds. According to Islamic tradition, a Muslim may not be given any of the names of God in exactly the same form. Likewise nobody may be named ''As-Samee'' (The All Hearing), but may be named ''Samee'' (Hearer). This is because of the belief that God is almighty and no human being is the equivalent to God. The name Samee should not be confused with another Arabic name Sami written as in Arabic. Sami is also given name in Scandinavia Scandinavia is a subregion#Europe, subregion of northern Europe, with strong his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
