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Surrender And Regrant
During the Tudor conquest of Ireland (c.1540–1603), "surrender and regrant" was the legal mechanism by which Irish clans were to be converted from a power structure rooted in clan and kin loyalties, to a late-Feudalism, feudal system under the English law, English legal system. The policy was an attempt to incorporate the clan chiefs into the English-controlled Kingdom of Ireland, and to guarantee their property under English common law, as distinct from the traditional Irish Brehon law system. This strategy was the primary non-violent method for Crown officials in the Dublin Castle administration to subjugate Irish clan leaders during the conquest. It was an unanticipated consequence to be required to pay fealty in currency instead of trade labor or commodities. The process of "surrender and regrant" thus created new, unfamiliar debt structures among the Irish, and these debts had social and political consequences. Policy The policy of surrender and regrant was led by King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudor Conquest Of Ireland
Ireland was conquered by the Tudor monarchs of England in the 16th century. The Anglo-Normans had Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, conquered swathes of Ireland in the late 12th century, bringing it under Lordship of Ireland, English rule. In the 14th century, the effective The Pale, area of English rule shrank markedly, and from then most of Ireland was held by native Gaels, Gaelic chiefdoms. Following a Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare#Kildare rebellion (1534–1535), failed rebellion by the Earl of Kildare in the 1530s, the English Crown set about restoring its authority. Henry VIII of England was made "King of Ireland" by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542. The conquest involved assimilating the Gaelic nobility by way of "surrender and regrant"; the confiscation and Plantations of Ireland, colonisation ('plantation') of lands with settlers from Britain; imposing English law and language; banning Catholic Church in Ireland, Catholicism, Dissolution of the monasteries, dissol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Ireland
The Parliament of Ireland () was the legislature of the Lordship of Ireland, and later the Kingdom of Ireland, from 1297 until the end of 1800. It was modelled on the Parliament of England and from 1537 comprised two chambers: the Irish House of Commons, House of Commons and the Irish House of Lords, House of Lords. The Lords were members of the Peerage of Ireland, Irish peerage ('Lords Temporal, lords temporal') and Bishop, bishops ('Lords Spiritual, lords spiritual'; after the Reformation, Church of Ireland bishops). The Commons was directly elected, albeit on a very restricted Suffrage, franchise. Parliaments met at various places in Leinster and Munster, but latterly always in Dublin: in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, Christ Church Cathedral (15th century),Richardson 1943 p.451 Dublin Castle (to 1649), Chichester House (1661–1727), the The King's Hospital, Blue Coat School (1729–31), and finally a purpose-built Parliament House, Dublin, Parliament House on College G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manus O'Donnell
Manus O'Donnell ( Irish: ''Maghnas Ó Domhnaill'' or ''Manus Ó Domhnaill''; 1490 – 9 February 1563) was a Gaelic Irish lord and King of Tyrconnell. After his father Hugh Dubh's death in 1537, Manus succeeded as Tyrconnell's ruler.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (29 March 2024)"Manus O'Donnell" ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Archived frothe originalon 3 September 2024. In 1555 he was imprisoned and deposed by his son Calvagh, who effectively took over the kingdom's leadership. Manus died during his imprisonment in Lifford. Early life Manus O'Donnell was born in 1490 into the O'Donnell clan, a Gaelic Irish noble family which ruled Tyrconnell, a kingdom geographically associated with present-day County Donegal. Manus's father, Hugh Dubh (pronounced in Ulster Irish as 'Hugh Doo'), had been '' Rí'' (king) of the O'Donnells during one of the bitterest and most protracted of the feuds between his clan and the O'Neills, which in 1491 led to a war lasting more than te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl Of Thomond
Murrough O'Brien, 1st Baron of Inchiquin, 1st Earl of Thomond () (died 7 November 1551) was an Irish peer, Chief of Clan O'Brien, and the last King of Thomond. Biography Murrough was a lineal descendant of Brian Boru, High King of Ireland, and was the third or fourth son of Turlough O'Brien, Lord of Thomond (d. 1528), and Raghnailt, daughter of John MacNamara. On the death of his brother, Conor O'Brien, in 1539, he succeeded by custom of tanistry to the lordship of Thomond and the chieftainship of the Dal Cais. Conor had made a vain endeavour to divert the succession to his children by his second wife, Ellen, sister of James Fitzjohn Fitzgerald, fourteenth earl of Desmond, and there had been, in consequence, much dissension between the brothers. Murrough was one of the five Irish lords who swore loyalty to Henry VIII in 1541. O'Brien's first step in attaining the chieftainship was to join Con O'Neill and Manus O'Donnell in a confederacy against the English government. Thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulick Na GCeann Burke, 1st Earl Of Clanricarde
Ulick na gCeann Burke, 12th Clanricarde or Mac William Uachtar, 1st Earl of Clanricarde ( ; died 1544; styled MacWilliam, and na-gCeann, meaning "of the Heads", "having made a mount of the heads of men slain in battle which he covered up with earth") was an Irish noble and son of Richard Mór Burke, 9th Clanricarde (d. 1530) by a daughter of Madden of Portumna. Biography Ulick succeeded his father to the headship of his clan, and held estates in County Galway. In March 1541 he wrote to Henry VIII, lamenting the degeneracy of his family, which had rebelled against England in the mid-14th century, and "which have been brought to Irish and disobedient rule by reason of marriage and with those Irish, sometime rebels, near adjoining to me", and placing himself and his estates in the king's hands. The same year he was present at Dublin, when an act was passed making Henry VIII King of Ireland. In 1543, in company with other Irish chiefs, he visited the King at Greenwich and made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earl Of Desmond
Earl of Desmond ( meaning Earl of South Munster) is a title of nobility created by the English monarch in the peerage of Ireland. The title has been created four times. It was first awarded in 1329 to Maurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond, Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Baron Desmond, a Normans in Ireland, Hiberno-Norman lord in Southwest Ireland, and it was held by his descendants until 1583 when they rose against the English crown in the Desmond Rebellions. Following two short-lived recreations of the title in the early 1600s, the title has been held since 1628 by the Earl of Denbigh, Feilding family of Warwickshire, England. The current holder is Alexander Feilding, 12th Earl of Denbigh, Alexander Feilding, 12th Earl of Denbigh and 11th Earl of Desmond (4th creation). Summary of history of the title The Munster Desmonds were a cadet (junior) branch of the powerful FitzGerald dynasty who came to Ireland from Wales as part of the 12th century Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, Anglo- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baron Offaly
There have been two creations of the title Baron Offaly, both in the Peerage of Ireland. Two earlier medieval creations as Baron of Offaly existed for an earlier FitzGerald, who owned land in County Kildare, Ireland, including what was then "Offelan", a word that derived from the Irish ''Uí Faelain'' and not from what is now County Offaly. The original grant of the lordship of Offelan was in 1175 to Maurice FitzGerald, one of Strongbow's main supporters. In 1538–50 the title was recreated for Brian O'Connor Faly, who was based in neighbouring County Offaly. The first modern creation by Queen Mary I was for Gerald FitzGerald on 13 May 1554, who was also created Earl of Kildare at the same time and later restored to the senior earldom of Kildare (forfeit by his half-brother, Thomas) in 1569. The title (as well as the second creation of the earldom), became extinct in 1599 when the 13th earl's branch of the family became extinct and the senior earldom passed to his co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baron Of Ballyane
Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knight, but lower than a viscount or count. Often, barons hold their fief – their lands and income – directly from the monarch. Barons are less often the vassals of other nobles. In many kingdoms, they were entitled to wear a smaller form of a crown called a ''coronet''. The term originates from the Latin term , via Old French. The use of the title ''baron'' came to England via the Norman Conquest of 1066, then the Normans brought the title to Scotland and Southern Italy. It later spread to Scandinavian and Slavic lands. Etymology The word '':wikt:baron, baron'' comes from the Old French , from a Late Latin">-4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Kings Of Uí Failghe
Uí Failghe seems to have existed as a kingdom in Ireland since at least the early historic era, and successfully fought off encroachments by the Uí Néill, the Eóganachta, and most especially the Normans. From the mid eleventh century its dynasty adopted the surname Ua Conchobhair Failghe, or O Connor Faly (they were unrelated to the other notable Ua Conchobhair dynasties of Connacht and Kerry). Their seat was originally in Rathangan, County Kildare but moved to Daingean with the Norman arrival. In the 1530s Brian supported the revolt of Silken Thomas; on his defeat he was pardoned and was given the title "Baron of Offaly". On the death of the last de facto king, and de jure baron, Brian mac Cathaoir O Conchobhair Failghe, in about 1556, Uí Failghe was split between the modern day counties of King's County (Offaly), Queen's County (Laois) and County Kildare by Mary I of England during the Plantations of Ireland. Two Baronies in County Kildare, '' Offaly East'' and '' O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baron Upper Ossory
Baron Upper Ossory was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 11 June 1541 for Barnaby Fitzpatrick. This was in pursuance of the Surrender and regrant policy of King Henry VIII. Under the policy, Gaelic chiefs were actively encouraged to surrender their lands to the king and then have them regranted (returned) under a royal charter if they swore loyalty to him. Those who surrendered were also expected to speak English, wear English-style dress, remain loyal to the Crown, pay a rent and follow English laws and customs, abjure the Roman Catholic Church, and convert to Henry's new Anglican Church. The second Baron, also named Barnaby, was raised at Henry's court, as a companion for the future King Edward VI. Edward, who had few friends, became deeply attached to young Barnaby, and their later letters testify to their warm and lasting friendship. Upper Ossory was the northern third of the formerly larger Kingdom of Osraige Osraige (Old Irish) or Osraighe (Class ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Ossory
Osraige (Old Irish) or Osraighe (Classical Irish), Osraí (Modern Irish), anglicized as Ossory, was a medieval Irish kingdom comprising what is now County Kilkenny and western County Laois, corresponding to the Diocese of Ossory. The home of the Osraige people, it existed from around the first century until the Norman invasion of Ireland in the 12th century. It was ruled by the Dál Birn dynasty, whose medieval descendants assumed the surname Mac Giolla Phádraig. According to tradition, Osraige was founded by Óengus Osrithe in the 1st century and was originally within the province of Leinster. In the 5th century, the Corcu Loígde of Munster displaced the Dál Birn and brought Osraige under Munster's direct control. The Dál Birn returned to power in the 7th century, though Osraige remained nominally part of Munster until 859, when it achieved formal independence under the powerful king Cerball mac Dúnlainge. Osraige's rulers remained major players in Irish politics for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fitzpatrick (surname)
Fitzpatrick () is an Irish surname that most commonly arose as an anglicised version of the Irish patronymic surname Mac Giolla Phádraig ()Kay Muhr, Liam Ó hAisibéil"Fitzpatrick"in ''The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names of Ireland'', Oxford University Press, 2021 ''"Son of the Devotee of (St.) Patrick"''. In some cases, it may also have independently arisen by a similar anglicization of a likely-distinct Irish patronymic, Ó Maol Phádraig, ''"Descendent of the Follower of (St.) Patrick"'', or in rare cases as a genuine Anglo-Irish patronymic incorporating the Norman French '' fitz'' ('son of') and the male name Patrick. Giolla Phádraig (meaning "the devotee of aintPatrick", also one of origins of the surname Kilpatrick) was the personal name of Gilla Patráic mac Donnchada, a tenth-century king of Ossory. His sons were subsequently styled '' Mac Giolla Phádraig'' (meaning, ''son of Giolla Phádraig''), and gave rise to a dynasty of Kings of Ossory that bore this patr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
