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Supreme Bishop
The Supreme Bishop (), abbreviated O.M., is the leader or primate of the autocephalous nationalist Independent Catholic denomination ''Iglesia Filipina Independiente'' (Philippine Independent Church) or IFI, known informally as the "Aglipayan Church". The Supreme Bishop is the spiritual head, chief pastor, and the chief executive officer of the church. He is also first among equals (''primus inter pares'') among the church's bishops. The Supreme Bishop is elected by the General Assembly of the church and heads the Executive Commission, the highest policy-making body in the absence of the General Assembly. Joel Porlares was elected ''Obispo Máximo'' on May 9, 2023, by a majority vote of delegates during their 15th General Assembly and was officially proclaimed the evening of the same day after previously serving as General Secretary, the second-highest post in the church. He is the fourteenth in a line of succession from Gregorio Aglipay, the first ''Obispo Máximo''. The Sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Independent Church
The Philippine Independent Church (; ), officially referred to by its Philippine Spanish name (IFI) and colloquially called the Aglipayan Church, is an independent catholic Christian denomination, in the form of a nationalist church, in the Philippines. Its revolutionary nationalist schism from the Roman Catholic Church was proclaimed during the American colonial period in 1902, following the end of the Philippine–American War, by members of the country's first labor union federation, the '' Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina''. The foundation of the church was a response to the historical mistreatment and racial discrimination of Filipinos by Spaniard priests and partly influenced by the unjust executions of José Rizal and Filipino priests and prominent secularization movement figures Mariano Gomez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, during the former Spanish colonial rule in the country when Roman Catholicism was still the state religion. Overview Prolific F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Nationalism
Religious nationalism can be understood in a number of ways, such as nationalism as a religion itself, a position articulated by Carlton Hayes in his text ''Nationalism: A Religion,'' or as the relationship of nationalism to a particular religion, religious belief, dogma, ideology, or affiliation. This relationship can be broken down into two aspects: the politicisation of religion and the influence of religion on politics. In the former aspect, a shared religion can be seen to contribute to a sense of national unity, a common bond among the citizens of the nation. Another political aspect of religion is the support of a national identity, similar to a shared ethnicity, language, or culture. The influence of religion on politics is more ideology, ideological, where current interpretations of religious ideas inspire political activism and action; for example, laws are passed to foster stricter religious adherence. Ideologically-driven religious nationalism may not necessarily be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1935 Philippine Presidential Election
The 1935 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on September 16, 1935. This was the first election since the enactment of the Tydings–McDuffie Act, a law that paved the way for a transitory government, as well as the first nationwide at-large election ever held in the Philippines. Senate President Manuel Luis Quezon won a lopsided victory against former President Emilio Aguinaldo. His election victory was largely due to the weak political machinations of his rivals. Another losing contender was Gregorio Aglipay, co-founder and supreme bishop of the ''Iglesia Filipina Indepediente'' ( Philippine Independent Church). Pascual Racuyal, a mechanic by profession, also ran for president as an independent. Quezon's running mate, Senate President Pro Tempore Sergio Osmeña won a more impressive victory as Vice President of the Philippines. He was said to have faced less effective candidates. Nominations Nacionalista Party nomination Candidates ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine–American War
The Philippine–American War, known alternatively as the Philippine Insurrection, Filipino–American War, or Tagalog Insurgency, emerged following the conclusion of the Spanish–American War in December 1898 when the United States annexed the Philippine Islands under the Treaty of Paris (1898), Treaty of Paris. Philippine nationalists constituted the First Philippine Republic in January 1899, seven months after signing the Philippine Declaration of Independence. The United States did not recognize either event as legitimate, and tensions escalated until fighting commenced on February 4, 1899, in the Battle of Manila (1899), Battle of Manila. Shortly after being denied a request for an armistice, the Philippine Council of Government issued a proclamation on June 2, 1899, urging the people to continue the war. Philippine forces initially attempted to engage U.S. forces conventionally but transitioned to guerrilla tactics by November 1899. Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Revolution
The Philippine Revolution ( or ; or ) was a war of independence waged by the revolutionary organization Katipunan against the Spanish Empire from 1896 to 1898. It was the culmination of the 333-year History of the Philippines (1565–1898), colonial rule of Spain in the archipelago. The Captaincy General of the Philippines, Philippines was one of the last major colonies of the Spanish Empire, which had already suffered Spanish American wars of independence, a massive decline in the 1820s. Cuban War of Independence, Cuba rebelled in 1895, and in 1898, the United States Spanish–American War, intervened and the Spanish soon capitulated. In June, Philippine revolutionaries Philippine Declaration of Independence, declared independence. However, it was not recognized by Spain, which sold the islands to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1898), Treaty of Paris. Led by Andrés Bonifacio, the Katipunan was formed in secrecy in 1892 in the wake of the nascent La Liga Filipina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society. Definition The term—both as a noun and adjective—is usually applied to the field of politics, but is also occasionally used in the context of science, invention or art. In politics, a revolutionary is someone who supports abrupt, rapid, and drastic change, usually replacing the status quo, while a reformist is someone who supports more gradual and incremental change, often working within the system. In that sense, revolutionaries may be considered radical, while reformists are moderate by comparison. Moments which seem revolutionary on the surface may end up reinforcing established institutions. Likewise, evidently small changes may lead to revolutionary consequences in the long term. Thus the clarity of the distinction between revolution and reform is more c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic (term)
The term ''Roman Catholic'' is sometimes used to differentiate the Catholic Church and its members in full communion with the pope in Holy See, Rome from other Christians who identify as "Catholic (term), Catholic".* * * * * It is also sometimes used to differentiate adherents to the Latin Church and its use of the Roman Rite from Catholics of the Eastern Catholic Churches. It is not the official name preferred by the Holy See or Bishop in the Catholic Church, bishops in full communion with the pope as a designation for their faith or institution. The term "Catholic (term), catholic" is one of the Four Marks of the Church set out in the Nicene Creed, a statement of belief widely accepted across Christian denominations. Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox consider the term "Catholic" to refer to a single institutional one true church, while Protestant ecclesiology considers it to refer to a church invisible referred to as the Christian Church. The use of "Roman" or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilocos Norte
Ilocos Norte (), officially the Province of Ilocos Norte (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. It is located in the northwest corner of Luzon island, bordering Cagayan and Apayao to the east, and Abra (province), Abra to the southeast, and Ilocos Sur to the southwest. Ilocos Norte faces the South China Sea to the west and the Luzon Strait to the north. Its capital is Laoag, which is the most populous settlement in the province. Ilocos Norte is noted for its distinctive geography and culture. This includes numerous examples of well-preserved Spanish colonial era architecture, particularly Laoag Cathedral, Saint William's Cathedral in Laoag with its sinking bell tower constructed in the Earthquake Baroque style, the Paoay Church, St. Augustine Church in Paoay which is one of UNESCO's List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines, World Heritage Sites in the Philippines, and the Cape Bojeador Lighthouse. Famous geograp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batac
Batac, officially the City of Batac (; ), is a component city in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 55,484 people. Etymology According to a legend set in pre-Hispanic Batac, a man fell into a deep hole while he was digging for the root crop "camangeg". He struggled to get out but could not despite his best efforts. He cried for help but nobody was around. He waited for hours and had given up hope of being saved. Two men from the neighboring town of Paoay happened to pass by. They heard the man shouting and traced it to where he was trapped. Upon seeing him, they heard the man said "Batakennak! Batakennak!" The two men did not understand until the man explained that he was saying, "Pull me up! Pull me up!" They did just that. When the two men reached their hometown, they told their story to their friends. Since then, the town has been called "Batac," which is derived from the word "batakennak." The word ''batac'' als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregorio Aglipay (cropped)
Gregorio Aglipay Cruz y Labayán (; Filipino: ''Gregorio Labayan Aglipay Cruz''; pronounced ; May 5, 1860 – September 1, 1940) was a Filipino former Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary during the Philippine Revolution and Philippine–American War who became the first head and leader of the ''Iglesia Filipina Independiente'' (IFI), the first-ever wholly Filipino-led independent Christian Church in the Philippines in the form of a nationalist church. Known for inciting patriotic rebellion among the Filipino clergy during the Philippine Revolution and Philippine–American War, he was also a political activist who became acquainted with writer and labor leader Isabelo de los Reyes who would then start an independent Christian Filipino Church colloquially named after Aglipay in 1902 as a revolt against the Roman Catholic Church, which was the state religion of the Philippines at the time, due to the mistreatment of the Spanish friars towards the Filipinos. Contrary to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Synod
The General Synod is the title of the governing body of some church organizations. Anglican Communion The General Synod of the Church of England, which was established in 1970 replacing the Church Assembly, is the legislative body of the Church of England. The equivalent In the Episcopal Church in the United States is the General Convention. Several other churches in the Anglican Communion also have General Synods: *Anglican Church of Australia *Anglican Church of Canada * Church of Ireland * Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia * Scottish Episcopal Church * Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui (Anglican Church in Hong Kong) Other churches The United Church of Christ, based in the United States, also calls its main governing body a General Synod. It meets every two years and consists of over 600 delegates from various congregations and conferences. The Missionary Baptist Conference of the USA calls their main governing body a General Synod. It meets annually to set t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of Episcopal polity, authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance and administration of dioceses. The role or office of the bishop is called episcopacy or the episcopate. Organisationally, several Christian denominations utilise ecclesiastical structures that call for the position of bishops, while other denominations have dispensed with this office, seeing it as a symbol of power. Bishops have also exercised political authority within their dioceses. Traditionally, bishops claim apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles or Saint Paul. The bishops are by doctrine understood as those who possess the full Priest#Christianity, priesthood given by Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ, and therefore may ordain other clergy, including other bishops. A person ordained as a deacon, pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
