|
Superficial Angiomyxoma
A cutaneous myxoma, or superficial angiomyxoma, consists of a multilobulated myxoid mass containing stellate or spindled fibroblasts with pools of mucin forming cleft-like spaces. There is often a proliferation of blood vessels and an inflammatory infiltrate. Staining is positive for vimentin, negative for cytokeratin and desmin, and variable for CD34, Factor VIIIa, SMA, MSA and S-100. Clinically, it may present as solitary or multiple flesh-colored nodules on the face, trunk, or extremities. It may occur as part of the Carney complex, and is sometimes the first sign. Local recurrence is common. Cutaneous myxoma is diagnosed based on histopathological features. The differential diagnosis for cutaneous myxoma include alopecia areata, verrucous hamartoma, cyst, fibroma, glioma, hemangioma, lipoma, scar, and nevus sebaceous. Treatment involves complete surgical excision. Signs and symptoms Cutaneous myxoma appears as a little, slowly expanding dermal or subcutaneous lump that typi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxoma
A myxoma (New Latin from Ancient Greek, Greek 'mucus') is a myxoid tumor of primitive connective tissue. It is most commonly found in the heart (and is the most common primary tumor of the heart in adults) but can also occur in other locations. Types Table below: 1.SMA, smooth muscle actin. 2.MSA, muscle-specific actin. 3.EMA, MUC1, epithelial membrane antigen. Symptoms and signs Symptoms associated with cardiac myxomas are typically due to the effect of the mass of the tumor obstructing the normal flow of blood within the chambers of the heart. Because pedunculated myxomas are somewhat mobile, symptoms may only occur when the patient is in a particular position. Some symptoms of myxoma may be associated with the release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) by the myxoma. High levels of IL-6 may be associated with a higher risk of embolism of the myxoma. Symptoms of a cardiac myxoma include: * Dyspnea on exertion * Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea * Fever * Weight loss (see cachexia) * Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemangioma
A hemangioma or haemangioma is a usually benign vascular tumor derived from blood vessel cell types. The most common form, seen in infants, is an infantile hemangioma, known colloquially as a "strawberry mark", most commonly presenting on the skin at birth or in the first weeks of life. A hemangioma can occur anywhere on the body, but most commonly appears on the face, scalp, chest or back. They tend to grow for up to a year before gradually shrinking as the child gets older. A hemangioma may need to be treated if it interferes with vision or breathing or is likely to cause long-term disfigurement. In rare cases internal hemangiomas can cause or contribute to other medical problems. They usually disappear by 10 years of age. The first line treatment option is beta blockers, which are highly effective in the majority of cases. Hemangiomas present at birth are called ''congenital hemangiomas'', while those that form later in life are called ''infantile hemangiomas''. Types Heman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skin Lesion
A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this system is as a barrier against the external environment. Conditions of the human integumentary system constitute a broad spectrum of diseases, also known as dermatoses, as well as many nonpathologic states (like, in certain circumstances, melanonychia and racquet nails). While only a small number of skin diseases account for most visits to the physician, thousands of skin conditions have been described. Classification of these conditions often presents many nosological challenges, since underlying causes and pathogenetics are often not known. Therefore, most current textbooks present a classification based on location (for example, conditions of the mucous membrane), morphology ( chronic blistering conditions), cause ( skin conditions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxoma
A myxoma (New Latin from Ancient Greek, Greek 'mucus') is a myxoid tumor of primitive connective tissue. It is most commonly found in the heart (and is the most common primary tumor of the heart in adults) but can also occur in other locations. Types Table below: 1.SMA, smooth muscle actin. 2.MSA, muscle-specific actin. 3.EMA, MUC1, epithelial membrane antigen. Symptoms and signs Symptoms associated with cardiac myxomas are typically due to the effect of the mass of the tumor obstructing the normal flow of blood within the chambers of the heart. Because pedunculated myxomas are somewhat mobile, symptoms may only occur when the patient is in a particular position. Some symptoms of myxoma may be associated with the release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) by the myxoma. High levels of IL-6 may be associated with a higher risk of embolism of the myxoma. Symptoms of a cardiac myxoma include: * Dyspnea on exertion * Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea * Fever * Weight loss (see cachexia) * Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alopecia Areata
Alopecia areata (AA), also known as spot baldness, is a condition in which hair loss, hair is lost from some or all areas of the body. It often results in a few Baldness, bald spots on the scalp, each about the size of a coin. Psychological stress and illness are possible factors in bringing on alopecia areata in individuals at risk, but in most cases there is no obvious trigger. People are generally otherwise healthy. In a few cases, all the hair on the scalp is lost (''alopecia totalis''), or all body hair is lost (''alopecia universalis''). Hair loss can be permanent or temporary. Alopecia areata is believed to be an autoimmune disease resulting from a breach in the immune privilege of the hair follicles. Risk factors include a family history of the condition. Among identical twins, if one is affected, the other has about a 50% chance of also being affected. The underlying mechanism involves failure by the body to recognize its own cells, with subsequent immune-mediated des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleomorphism (cytology)
Pleomorphism is a term used in histology and cytopathology to describe variability in the size, shape and staining of cells and/or their nuclei. Several key determinants of cell and nuclear size, like ploidy and the regulation of cellular metabolism, are commonly disrupted in tumors. Therefore, cellular and nuclear pleomorphism is one of the earliest hallmarks of cancer progression and a feature characteristic of malignant neoplasms and dysplasia. Certain benign cell types may also exhibit pleomorphism, e.g. neuroendocrine cells, Arias-Stella reaction. A rare type of rhabdomyosarcoma that is found in adults is known as pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. Despite the prevalence of pleomorphism in human pathology, its role in disease progression is unclear. In epithelial tissue, pleomorphism in cellular size can induce packing defects and disperse aberrant cells. But the consequence of atypical cell and nuclear morphology in other tissues is unknown. See also *Anaplasia *Cell grow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atypia
Atypia (from Greek language, Greek, ''a'' + ''typos'', without type; a condition of being irregular or nonstandard) is a histopathology, histopathologic term for a structural abnormality in a Cell (biology), cell, i.e. it is used to describe atypical cells. Atypia can be caused by infection or irritation. If, for example it were diagnosed in a Pap smear in the uterus it is more likely to be precancerous. The related concept of dysplasia refers to an abnormality of development, and includes abnormalities on larger, histopathologic scales. Example features Features that constitute atypia have different definitions for different diseases, but often include the following Cell nucleus, nucleus abnormalities: *Enlargement *Pleomorphism (cytology), Pleomorphism *Nuclear polychromasia, which means variability in nuclear chromatin content. Polychromasia otherwise refers to a disease of immature red blood cells. *Numerous mitosis, mitotic figures Examples for Barrett's esophagus In Barret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stellate Cell
Stellate cells are neurons in the central nervous system, named for their star-like shape formed by dendritic processes radiating from the cell body. These cells play significant roles in various brain functions, including inhibition in the cerebellum and excitation in the cortex, and are involved in synaptic plasticity and neurovascular coupling. Morphology Stellate cells are characterized by their star-shaped dendritic trees. Dendrites can vary between neurons, with stellate cells being either spiny or aspinous. In contrast, pyramidal cells, which are also found in the cerebral cortex, are always spiny and pyramid-shaped. The classification of neurons often depends on the presence or absence of dendritic spines: those with spines are classified as spiny, while those without are classified as aspinous. Types and locations Cerebellar Many stellate cells are GABAergic and are located in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Most common stellate cells are the inhibito ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMB Syndrome
Lamb or The Lamb may refer to: * A young sheep * Lamb and mutton, the meat of sheep Arts and media Film, television, and theatre * ''The Lamb'' (1915 film), a silent film starring Douglas Fairbanks Sr. in his screen debut * ''The Lamb'' (1918 film), a silent short comedy starring Harold Lloyd * ''The Lamb'' (2014 film), a 2014 Turkish-German film * ''The Lamb'' (2017 film), a 2017 American animated film * ''Lamb'' (1985 film), a 1985 drama starring Liam Neeson * ''Lamb'' (2015 American film), a 2015 American film by Ross Partridge * ''Lamb'' (2015 Ethiopian film), a 2015 Ethiopian film * ''Lamb'' (2021 film), a supernatural drama film starring Noomi Rapace * '' LaMB'', a 2009 animated telefilm * The Lambs, an American theatrical organization * ''The Lambs'' (film), a 1996 Swiss drama film * ''The Lamb'', an uncompleted film project by Garth Brooks about the fictional musician Chris Gaines * "Lambs", an episode of the television series ''Teletubbies'' Literature * ''Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NAME Syndrome
A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A personal name identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a ''specific'' individual human. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning as well) and is, when consisting of only one word, a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes called "common names" or (obsolete) "general names". A name can be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents can give their child a name or a scientist can give an element a name. Etymology The word ''name'' comes from Old English ''nama''; cognate with Old High German (OHG) ''namo'', Sanskrit (''nāman''), Latin '' nomen'', Greek (''onoma''), and Persian (''nâm''), from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) ''*h₁nómn̥''. Outside Indo-European, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nevus
Nevus () is a nonspecific medical terminology, medical term for a visible, circumscribed, chronic (medicine), chronic lesion of the skin or mucosa. The term originates from , which is Latin for "birthmark"; however, a nevus can be either congenital (present at birth) or acquired. Common terms (''mole'', ''birthmark'', ''beauty mark'', etc.) are used to describe nevi, but these terms do not distinguish specific types of nevi from one another. Classification The term ''nevus'' is applied to a number of conditions caused by Neoplasm, neoplasias and hyperplasias of melanocytes, as well as a number of pigmentation disorders, both hypermelanotic (containing increased melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color) and hypomelanotic (containing decreased melanin). Suspicious skin moles which are multi-colored or pink may be a finding in skin cancer. Increased melanin Usually acquired * Melanocytic nevus ** Melanocytic nevi can be categorized based on the location of melanocytic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypertrichosis
Hypertrichosis (sometimes known as werewolf syndrome) is an abnormal amount of hair growth over the body. The two distinct types of hypertrichosis are generalized hypertrichosis, which occurs over the entire body, and localized hypertrichosis, which is restricted to a certain area. Hypertrichosis can be either congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life. The excess growth of hair occurs in areas of the skin with the exception of androgen-dependent hair of the pubic area, face, and axillary regions. Several circus sideshow performers in the 19th and early 20th centuries, such as Julia Pastrana, had hypertrichosis. Many of them worked as freaks and were promoted as having distinct human and animal traits. Classification Two methods of classification are used for hypertrichosis. One divides them into either generalized versus localized hypertrichosis, while the other divides them into congenital versus acquired. Congenital Congenital forms of hypertrichosis are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
