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Strengthened Parliamentary System
A strengthened parliamentary system (), also referred to as an enhanced and strengthened parliamentary system (), is a form of government conceived by the Nation Alliance, which consists of six Turkish political parties: the Republican People's Party, the Good Party, the Democracy and Progress Party, the Future Party, the Felicity Party and the Democrat Party. It is proposed as an alternative to the presidential system effectuated by the ruling People's Alliance following the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum. Being rooted in a parliamentary system, it envisages a complete overhauling of Turkey's system of government. Although the details of the proposed system are yet to be disclosed, parties have put forth that it constitutes the restoration of the rule of law, reinforcement of parliamentary authority, and extensive restraints on presidential powers. Background After the steep relapse in Turkey's economy following the 2018 general election, opposition parties began t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsche Welle
(; "German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW (), is a German state-funded television network, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the Federal Government of Germany. The service is available in 32 languages. DW's satellite television service consists of channels in English, Spanish, and Arabic. The work of DW is regulated by the Act, stating that content is intended to be independent of government influence. DW is a member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). DW offers regularly updated articles on its news website and runs its own centre for international media development, DW Akademie. The broadcaster's stated goals are to produce reliable news coverage, provide access to the German language, and promote understanding between peoples. It is also a provider of live streaming world news, which, like all DW programs, can be viewed and listened via its website, YouTube, satellite, rebroadcasting and various apps and digital media players. DW has been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary System
A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a form of government where the head of government (chief executive) derives their Election, democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of a majority of the legislature, to which they are held accountable. This head of government is usually, but not always, distinct from a ceremonial head of state. This is in contrast to a presidential system, which features a president who is not fully accountable to the legislature, and cannot be replaced by a simple majority vote. Countries with parliamentary systems may be Constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarchies, where a monarch is the head of state while the head of government is almost always a member of parliament, or Parliamentary republic, parliamentary republics, where a mostly ceremonial president is the head of state while the head of government is from the legislature. In a few countries, the head of government is also head of state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Press Freedom In Turkey
Press may refer to: Media * Publisher * News media * Printing press, commonly called "the press" * Press TV, an Iranian television network Newspapers United States * ''The Press'', a former name of '' The Press-Enterprise'', Riverside, California * '' The Ridgefield Press'', Ridgefield, Connecticut, published weekly * '' The Grand Rapids Press'', Grand Rapids, Michigan * '' The Oakland Press'', Oakland County, Michigan * '' The Press of Atlantic City'', Atlantic City, New Jersey * '' Riverdale Press'', Bronx, New York City, New York, a weekly publication * '' The Dickinson Press'', Dickinson, North Dakota * '' Cleveland Press'', Cleveland, Ohio, published from 1876 to 1982 * '' The Philadelphia Press'', Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, published from 1857 to 1920 * '' The Pittsburgh Press'', a historic newspaper in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that ceased publication in 1991 * '' The Sheboygan Press'', Sheboygan, Wisconsin Elsewhere * ''The Press'', online student newspaper produced by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial System Of Turkey
The judicial system of Turkey is defined by Articles 138 to 160 of the Constitution of Turkey. With the founding of the Republic, Turkey adopted a Civil law (legal system), civil law legal system, replacing Ottoman law and the Sharia courts. The Turkish civil code (1926), Civil Code, adopted in 1926, was based on the Swiss Civil Code of 1907 and the Swiss Code of Obligations of 1911. Although it underwent a number of changes in 2002, it retains much of the basis of the original Code. The Criminal Code, originally based on the Italian Criminal Code, was replaced in 2005 by a Code with principles similar to the German Penal Code and German law generally. Administrative law is based on the French equivalent and procedural law generally shows the influence of the Swiss, German and French legal systems. The system can be very slow - as of 2024 one land dispute has been ongoing for 53 years. The legal profession The general term for members of the legal profession in Turkey is '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Turkey
The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye (), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the national government and is the commander-in-chief of the Turkish military. The president also heads the National Security Council. The office of the president of Turkey was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Türkiye on 29 October 1923, with the first president and founder being Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Traditionally, the presidency was mostly a ceremonial position, with real executive authority being exercised by the prime minister of Turkey. However, constitutional amendments approved in the 2017 constitutional referendum abolished the office of prime minister, and vested the presidency with full executive powers, effective upon the 2018 general election. The president is directly elected by eligible Turkish voters for a five-year term. The president of Turkey is referr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constructive Vote Of No Confidence
The constructive vote of no confidence (, ) is a variation on the motion of no confidence that allows a parliament to withdraw confidence from a head of government only if there is a positive majority for a prospective successor. The principle is intended to ensure governments' stability by making sure that a replacement has enough parliamentary support to govern. The concept was introduced on a national scale in West Germany's 1949 constitution, which remains in force after the German reunification; it has been adopted since the 1970s in other nations like Spain, Hungary, Lesotho, Israel, Poland, Slovenia, Albania, and Belgium. Germany Governments in the post-WW1 Weimar Republic were very unstable. Since the only election threshold for the Reichstag (Weimar Republic), Reichstag was that a party had to have received at least 30,000 votes in a single district, it was possible to get a seat with as little as 0.1 percent of the vote (''e.g.,'' Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justice And Development Party (Turkey)
The Justice and Development Party ( , AK PARTİ), abbreviated officially as AK Party in English, is a List of political parties in Turkey, political party in Turkey self-describing as Conservative democracy, conservative-democratic. It has been the ruling party of Turkey since 2002. Third-party sources often refer to the party as National conservatism, national conservative, Social conservatism, social conservative, Right-wing populism, right-wing populist and as espousing neo-Ottomanism. The party is generally regarded as being right-wing politics, right-wing on the political spectrum, although some sources have described it as Far-right politics, far-right since 2011. It is currently the largest party in Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand National Assembly with 273 MPs, ahead of the main opposition Social democracy, social democratic Republican People's Party (CHP). Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has been chairman of the AK Party since the 3rd Justice and Development Party Extraor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manual Of Style/Dates And Numbers
This page guides the presentation of numbers, dates, times, measurements, currencies, coordinates, and similar items in articles. The aim is to promote clarity, cohesion, and consistency, and to make the encyclopedia easier and more intuitive to use. For numbers, dates, and similar items in Wikipedia article titles, see the Naming conventions (numbers and dates) guideline. Where this manual gives options, maintain consistency within an article unless there is a good reason to do otherwise. The Arbitration Committee has ruled that editors should not change an article from one guideline-defined style to another without a substantial reason unrelated to mere choice of style; edit-warring over optional styles is unacceptable. If discussion fails to resolve the question of which style to use in an article, defer to the style used by the first major contributor. General notes Quotations, titles, etc. Quotations, titles of books and articles, and similar "imported" text shou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand National Assembly Of Turkey
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( ), usually referred to simply as the GNAT or TBMM, also referred to as , in Turkish, is the Unicameralism, unicameral Turkey, Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Constitution of Turkey, Turkish Constitution. It was founded in Ankara on 23 April 1920 amid the Turkish War of Independence, National Campaign. This constitution had founded its pre-government known as 1st cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey, 1st Executive Ministers of Turkey (Commitment Deputy Committee) in May 1920. The parliament was fundamental in the efforts of ''Mareşal (Turkey), Mareşal'' Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1st President of the Republic of Turkey, and his colleagues to found a new government out of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. Composition There are 600 members of parliament (deputies) who are elected for a five-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system, from 87 el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Constitution Of 1982
Turkish may refer to: * Something related to Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire * The word that Iranian Azerbaijanis use for the Azerbaijani language * Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkey), 1299–1922, previously sometimes known as the Turkish Empire ** Ottoman Turkish, the Turkish language used in the Ottoman Empire * Turkish Airlines, an airline * Turkish music (style), a musical style of European composers of the Classical music era * Turkish, a character in the 2000 film '' Snatch'' See also * * * Turk (other) * Turki (other) * Turkic (other) * Turkey (other) * Turkiye (other) * Turkish Bath (other) * Turkish population, the number of ethnic Turkish people in the world * Culture of Turkey * History of Turkey ** History of the Republic of Turkey * Turkic languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2018 Turkish General Election
General elections were held in Turkey on 24 June 2018. Presidential elections were held to elect the President of Turkey using a two-round system. Parliamentary elections took place to elect 600 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The elections had originally been scheduled for 3 November 2019, until the Erdoğan government called for early elections on 18 April 2018. Background 2017 constitutional referendum The ruling Justice and Development Party (AK Party) and Erdoğan had long supported a policy of turning Turkey into an executive presidency, replacing the existing parliamentary system of government. With the support of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), the government was able to enact a referendum in Parliament, with the vote being set for 16 April 2017. The proposed constitutional changes would see parliamentary and presidential elections taking place on the same day every five years, with the initial vote being set for 3 November ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Economy
The economy of Turkey is an emerging free-market economy. It ranked as the 16th-largest in the world and 7th-largest in Europe by nominal GDP in 2025. It also ranked as the 12th-largest in the world and 5th-largest in Europe by PPP in 2025. Turkey's rapid economic growth since the 2000s was stranded by the economic crisis in 2018, but it began to recover in 2021. Turkey's USD-based nominal GDP per capita and GDP-PPP per capita have eventually reached their all-time peak values in 2024. Turkey is a founding member of the OECD and G20. Ratified in 1995, the European Union–Turkey Customs Union has established a free trade area between Turkey and the European Union, which has increased bilateral foreign trade, investment and economic activity. As the fifth most visited destination in the world, Turkey has a large tourism industry, which accounted for 12% of the country's total GDP in 2023. First established in 2000, many technoparks were pioneered by Turkish universities, no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
