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Steel Moment-resisting Frame
Moment-resisting frame is a rectilinear assemblage of beams and columns, with the beams rigidly connected to the columns. Resistance to lateral forces is provided primarily by rigid frame action – that is, by the development of bending moment and shear force in the frame members and joints. By virtue of the rigid beam–column connections, a moment frame cannot displace laterally without bending the beams or columns depending on the geometry of the connection. The bending rigidity and strength of the frame members is therefore the primary source of lateral stiffness and strength for the entire frame. The 1994 Northridge earthquake revealed a common flaw in steel-frame construction — poorly welded moment connections — and building codes were revised to strengthen them. Early history Steel moment-resisting frames have been in use for more than one hundred years, dating to the earliest use of structural steel in building construction. Steel building construction with the fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rigid Frame
Rigid or rigidity may refer to: Mathematics and physics *Stiffness, the property of a solid body to resist deformation, which is sometimes referred to as rigidity *Structural rigidity, a mathematical theory of the stiffness of ensembles of rigid objects connected by hinges *Rigidity (electromagnetism), the resistance of a charged particle to deflection by a magnetic field *Rigidity (mathematics), a property of a collection of mathematical objects (for instance sets or functions) *Rigid body, in physics, a simplification of the concept of an object to allow for modelling *Rigid transformation, in mathematics, a rigid transformation preserves distances between every pair of points *Rigidity (chemistry), the tendency of a substance to retain/maintain their shape when subjected to outside force *(Modulus of) Shear modulus, rigidity or shear modulus (material science), the tendency of a substance to retain/maintain their shape when subjected to outside force Medicine *Rigidity (n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bending Moment
In solid mechanics, a bending moment is the Reaction (physics), reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or Moment of force, moment is applied to the element, causing the element to bending, bend. The most common or simplest structural element subjected to bending moments is the Beam (structure), beam. The diagram shows a beam which is simply supported (free to rotate and therefore lacking bending moments) at both ends; the ends can only react to the Shear stress, shear loads. Other beams can have both ends fixed (known as encastre beam); therefore each end support has both bending moments and shear reaction loads. Beams can also have one end fixed and one end simply supported. The simplest type of beam is the cantilever, which is fixed at one end and is free at the other end (neither simple nor fixed). In reality, beam supports are usually neither absolutely fixed nor absolutely rotating freely. The internal reaction loads in a cross section (geometry), cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shear Force
In solid mechanics, shearing forces are unaligned forces acting on one part of a Rigid body, body in a specific direction, and another part of the body in the opposite direction. When the forces are Collinearity, collinear (aligned with each other), they are called ''tension forces'' or ''compression forces''. Shear force can also be defined in terms of Plane (geometry), planes: "If a plane is passed through a body, a force acting along this plane is called a ''shear force'' or ''shearing force''." Force required to shear steel This section calculates the force required to cut a piece of material with a shearing action. The relevant information is the area of the material being sheared, i.e. the area across which the shearing action takes place, and the shear strength of the material. A round bar of steel is used as an example. The shear strength is calculated from the tensile strength using a factor which relates the two strengths. In this case 0.6 applies to the example steel, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1994 Northridge Earthquake
The 1994 Northridge earthquake affected Greater Los Angeles, California, on January 17, 1994, at 04:30:55 PST. The epicenter of the moment 6.7 () blind thrust earthquake was beneath the San Fernando Valley. Lasting approximately 8 seconds and achieving the largest peak ground acceleration of over 1.7 ''g'', it was the largest earthquake in the area since 1971. Shaking was felt as far away as San Diego, Turlock, Las Vegas, Richfield, Phoenix, and Ensenada. Fifty-seven people died and more than 9,000 were injured. In addition, property damage was estimated to be $13–50 billion, making it among the costliest natural disasters in U.S. history. Geology The epicenter region of the earthquake was located in the San Fernando Valley, about northwest of downtown Los Angeles. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) placed the hypocenter's geographical coordinates at and at a depth of . Measuring 6.7, it was the largest earthquake recorded in the Los Angeles area sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Home Insurance Building
The Home Insurance Building was a skyscraper that stood in Chicago from 1885 to its demolition in 1931. Originally ten stories and tall, it was designed by William Le Baron Jenney in 1884 and completed the next year. Two floors were added in 1891, bringing its now finished height to . It was the first tall building to be supported both inside and outside by a fireproof structural steel frame, though it also included reinforced concrete. It is considered the world's first skyscraper. History The building was designed in 1884 by Jenney for the Home Insurance Company. Construction began on May 1, 1884. Because of the building's unique architecture and weight-bearing frame, it is considered the world's first skyscraper. It had 10 stories and rose to a height of ; two additional floors were added in 1891, bringing the total to 12 floors, an unprecedented height at the time. The building weighed one-third as much as a masonry building and city officials were so concerned they ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infill Wall
In urban planning, infill, or in-fill, is the rededication of land in an urban environment, usually open-space, to new construction. Infill also applies, within an urban polity, to construction on any undeveloped land that is not on the urban margin. The slightly broader term "land recycling" is sometimes used instead. Infill has been promoted as an economical use of existing infrastructure and a remedy for urban sprawl. Detractors view increased urban density as overloading urban services, including increased traffic congestion and pollution, and decreasing urban green-space. Note: The odd grammar of the title is based on a quotation from Henry David Thoreau. Many also dislike it for social and historical reasons, partly due to its unproven effects and its similarity with gentrification. In the urban planning and development industries, infill has been defined as the use of land within a built-up area for further construction, especially as part of a community redevelopment o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is a regulation and licensure in engineering, professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural element, structural components of buildings, and railways. Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. Civil engineering can take place in the public sector from municipal public works departments through to federal government agencies, and in the private sector from locally based firms to Fortune Global 500, ''Fortune'' Global 500 companies. History Civil engineering as a discipline Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles for solv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
