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Steatohepatitis
Steatohepatitis is a type of fatty liver disease, characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation in liver. Mere deposition of fat in the liver is termed steatosis, and together these constitute fatty liver changes. The two main types of fatty liver disease (FLD) are: * Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) (previously nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD) * Alcohol-associated (alcohol-related) liver disease (ALD) Risk factors for MASLD include diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. When inflammation is present, it is referred to as alcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic (metabolic dysfunction associated) steatohepatitis (MASH, previously NASH). Steatohepatitis of either cause may progress to cirrhosis, and MASH is now believed to be a frequent cause of unexplained cirrhosis (at least in Western societies). MASH is also associated with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. The word is from "steato-", meani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver parenchyma, liver tissue. Some people or animals with hepatitis have no symptoms, whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), Anorexia (symptom), poor appetite, vomiting, fatigue (medicine), tiredness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Hepatitis is ''acute (medicine), acute'' if it resolves within six months, and ''chronic condition, chronic'' if it lasts longer than six months. Acute hepatitis can self-limiting (biology), resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or (rarely) result in acute liver failure. Chronic hepatitis may progress to scarring of the liver (cirrhosis), liver failure, and liver cancer. Hepatitis is most commonly caused by the virus ''hepatovirus A'', ''hepatitis B virus, B'', ''hepatitis C virus, C'', ''hepatitis D virus, D'', and ''hepatitis E virus, E''. Other Viral hepatitis, viruses can also cause liver inflammation, including cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatty Liver
Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis and steatotic liver disease (SLD), is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver. Often there are no or few symptoms. Occasionally there may be tiredness or pain in the upper right side of the abdomen. Complications may include cirrhosis, liver cancer, and esophageal varices. The main subtypes of fatty liver disease are metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" (NAFLD)) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), with the category "metabolic and alcohol associated liver disease" (metALD) describing an overlap of the two. The primary risks include ethanol, alcohol, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Other risk factors include certain medications such as glucocorticoids, and hepatitis C. It is unclear why some people with NAFLD develop simple fatty liver and others develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with poorer outcomes. Diagnos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, chronic liver failure or chronic hepatic failure and end-stage liver disease, is a chronic condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced with scar tissue (fibrosis) and regenerative nodule (medicine), nodules as a result of chronic liver disease. Damage to the liver leads to repair of liver tissue and subsequent formation of scar tissue. Over time, scar tissue and nodules of regenerating hepatocytes can replace the parenchyma, causing increased resistance to blood flow in the liver's capillaries—the hepatic sinusoids—and consequently portal hypertension, as well as impairment in other aspects of liver function. The disease typically develops slowly over months or years. Stages include compensated cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis. Early symptoms may include Fatigue (medicine), tiredness, Asthenia, weakness, Anorexia (symptom), loss of appetite, weight loss, unexpla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resmetirom
Resmetirom, sold under the brand name Rezdiffra, is a medication used for the treatment of noncirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. It is a thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2) agonist. The most common side effects include diarrhea and nausea. Resmetirom was approved for medical use in the United States in March 2024. The US Food and Drug Administration considers it to be a first-in-class medication. Medical uses Resmetirom is indicated, in conjunction with diet and exercise, for the treatment of adults with noncirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with moderate to advanced liver fibrosis (consistent with stages F2 to F3 fibrosis). History In a phase III clinical trial, it was found to be effective for resolving noncirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and improving liver fibrosis. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluated the safety and efficacy of resmetirom based on an analysis of a surrogate endpoint at month twelve in a 54-month, randomized, double- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elafibranor
Elafibranor, sold under the brand name Iqirvo, is a medication used for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. Elafibranor is a dual PPARα/δ agonist. Elafibranor and its main active metabolite GFT1007 are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, both of which activate PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma, and PPAR-delta in vitro. In June 2024, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to elafibranor. The FDA considers it to be a first-in-class medication. Medical uses Elafibranor is indicated for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid in adults who have an inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid, or as monotherapy in people unable to tolerate ursodeoxycholic acid. Adverse effects The most common adverse reactions include weight gain, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, arthralgia, constipation, muscle injury, fracture, gastroesophageal reflux disease, dry mouth, weight l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aramchol
Aramchol is an investigational drug being developed by Galmed Pharmaceuticals as a first-in-class, potentially treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,(NASH), a progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It is a conjugate of cholic acid and arachidic acid Arachidic acid, also known as icosanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 20-carbon chain. It is a minor constituent of cupuaçu butter (7%), perilla oil (0–1%), peanut oil (1.1–1.7%), corn oil (3%),U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agric ..., and belongs to a class of synthetic fatty-acid/bile-acid conjugates(FABACs), which are composed of endogenous compounds administrated orally, with the aim of good safety and tolerability parameters. Aramchol affects liver fat metabolism and has been shown in a Phase IIa clinical study to significantly reduce liver fat content as well as improve metabolic parameters associated with fatty liver disease. Furthermore, it has been shown to be safe for use, and with n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In the U.S., about 25% of the adult population has metabolic syndrome, a proportion increasing with age, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities. Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes are closely related to one another and have overlapping aspects. The syndrome is thought to be caused by an underlying disorder of energy utilization and storage, but the cause of the syndrome is an area of ongoing medical research. Researchers debate whether a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome implies differential treatment or increases risk of cardiovascular disease beyond what is suggested by the sum of its individual components. Signs and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liver
The liver is a major metabolic organ (anatomy), organ exclusively found in vertebrates, which performs many essential biological Function (biology), functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the Protein biosynthesis, synthesis of various proteins and various other Biochemistry, biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans, it is located in the quadrants and regions of abdomen, right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the thoracic diaphragm, diaphragm and mostly shielded by the lower right rib cage. Its other metabolic roles include carbohydrate metabolism, the production of a number of hormones, conversion and storage of nutrients such as glucose and glycogen, and the decomposition of red blood cells. Anatomical and medical terminology often use the prefix List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes#H, ''hepat-'' from ἡπατο-, from the Greek language, Greek word for liver, such as hepatology, and hepatitis The liver is also an accessory digestive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micrograph
A micrograph is an image, captured photographically or digitally, taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnify, magnified image of an object. This is opposed to a macrograph or photomacrograph, an image which is also taken on a microscope but is only slightly magnified, usually less than 10 times. Micrography is the practice or art of using microscopes to make photographs. A photographic micrograph is a photomicrograph, and one taken with an electron microscope is an electron micrograph. A micrograph contains extensive details of microstructure. A wealth of information can be obtained from a simple micrograph like behavior of the material under different conditions, the phases found in the system, failure analysis, grain size estimation, elemental analysis and so on. Micrographs are widely used in all fields of microscopy. Types Photomicrograph A light micrograph or photomicrograph is a micrograph prepared using an optical microscope, a process referred to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
