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Steam Locomotive Exhaust System
The steam locomotive exhaust system consists of those parts of a steam locomotive which together discharge exhaust steam from the cylinders in order to increase the draught through the fire. It usually consists of the blastpipe (or first stage nozzle), smokebox, and chimney, although later designs also include second and third stage nozzles. History The primacy of discovery of the effect of directing the exhaust steam up the chimney as a means of providing draft through the fire is the matter of some controversy, Ahrons (1927) devoting significant attention to this matter. The exhaust from the cylinders on the first steam locomotive – built by Richard Trevithick – was directed up the chimney, and he noted its effect on increasing the draft through the fire at the time. At Wylam, Timothy Hackworth also employed a blastpipe on his earliest locomotives, but it is not clear whether this was an independent discovery or a copy of Trevithick's design. Shortly after Hackworth, G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purdue University
Purdue University is a Public university#United States, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system. The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette, Indiana, Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money to establish a college of science, technology, and agriculture; the first classes were held on September 16, 1874. Purdue University is a member of the Association of American Universities and is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". Purdue enrolls the largest student body of any individual university campus in Indiana, as well as the ninth-largest foreign student population of any university in the United States. The university is home to the oldest computer science Purdue University Department of Computer Science, program in the United States. Pur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Locomotive Parts
A locomotive is a rail vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. Traditionally, locomotives pulled trains from the front. However, push–pull operation has become common, and in the pursuit for longer and heavier freight trains, companies are increasingly using distributed power: single or multiple locomotives placed at the front and rear and at intermediate points throughout the train under the control of the leading locomotive. Etymology The word ''locomotive'' originates from the Latin 'from a place', ablative of 'place', and the Medieval Latin 'causing motion', and is a shortened form of the term ''locomotive engine'', which was first used in 1814 to distinguish between self-propelled and stationary steam engines. Classifications Prior to locomotives, the motive force for railways had been generated by various lower-technology methods such as human power, horse power, gravity or stationary engines that drove cable systems. Few such systems are sti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lemprex
A Lemprex ejector is a type of steam locomotive exhaust system developed by noted Argentinian locomotive engineer Livio Dante Porta (d. 2003). The name is a stylization of LeMaitre Porta Exhaust. In a steam locomotive, draft is produced in the firebox by exhausting the steam coming from the cylinders out the chimney. The Lemprex exhaust will deliver improved draughting capacity over traditional exhaust systems. However development is only at an early stage. Some work was undertaken in Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ... during the late 1980s and early 90s. During more recent years locomotive engineer Shaun T. Mc Mahon has continued the development of this exhaust system in Argentina and other countries around the World, current development work being focusse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lempor Ejector
The Lempor ejector is a steam locomotive exhaust system developed by noted Argentine locomotive engineer Livio Dante Porta. The ejector's name is a portmanteau of the names of Porta and Belgian locomotive engineer Maurice Lemaître. The Lempor ejector follows the principles of the de Laval nozzle. Operation In steam locomotives, draft Draft, the draft, or draught may refer to: Watercraft dimensions * Draft (hull), the distance from waterline to keel of a vessel * Draft (sail), degree of curvature in a sail * Air draft, distance from waterline to the highest point on a v ... is produced in the firebox by exhausting waste steam from the cylinders into the chimney via a nozzle or 'blast pipe' to create a vacuum in the smokebox. The Lempor ejector is a development of similar multiple orifice/nozzle ejectors which create either a stronger vacuum or the same vacuum more efficiently by having less 'back pressure' or resistance to the exhausting cylinder. Results The Lempor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kylpor
A Kylpor ejector is a type of steam locomotive exhaust system developed by noted Argentine locomotive engineer Livio Dante Porta. In a steam locomotive, draft Draft, the draft, or draught may refer to: Watercraft dimensions * Draft (hull), the distance from waterline to keel of a vessel * Draft (sail), degree of curvature in a sail * Air draft, distance from waterline to the highest point on a v ... is produced in the firebox by exhausting the steam coming from the cylinders out the chimney. The Kylpor exhaust delivers improved draughting capacity over traditional exhaust systems, and is a later development of the Kylchap exhaust. External linksLemPor Exhauston The Ultimate Steam Page. Steam locomotive technologies Steam locomotive exhaust systems Locomotive parts {{rail-transport-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livio Dante Porta
Livio Dante Porta (21 March 1922 – 10 June 2003) was an Argentine steam locomotive engineer. He is particularly remembered for his innovative modifications to existing locomotive systems in order to obtain better performance and energy efficiency, and reduced pollution. He developed the Kylpor and Lempor exhaust systems. The Lemprex was under development at the time of his death. Early years Porta was born in Paraná, Entre Ríos, and studied civil engineering, concluding his studies in 1946, at a time when steam was already giving way to diesel and electric locomotives in Europe and North America. Career Naturally, Porta's first projects were in Argentina. Taking the work of Andre Chapelon in France as his starting point, he set out to demonstrate that the steam locomotive was far from reaching its maximum potential. His first locomotive project in 1948 took the remains of a 4-6-2 converting it into a 4-cylinder compound 4-8-0 named 'Presidente Peron'/'Argentina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lemaître Exhaust
Lemaître, Lemaitre, Le Maitre, or ''variation'', is a French surname meaning "the master" – derived from the Latin word "magister". Notable people with the surname include: Lemaître * Anne Lemaître (born 1957) Belgian applied mathematician * Delphine Philippe-Lemaître, (1798–1863), French historian, archaeologist, botanist * Frédérick Lemaître (1800–1876), French actor and playwright * Georges Lemaître (1894–1966), Belgian Roman Catholic priest and astronomer, who formulated the "Big Bang" theory of cosmologic origin of the physical universe. ** Named for Georges Lemaître: *** Lemaître (crater), an impact crater on the Moon *** 1565 Lemaître, a minor planet *** the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric *** the Lemaître metric *** the Lemaître–Tolman metric *** Lemaitre (band), Norwegian indie electronic band *** Georges Lemaître ATV, an uncrewed spacecraft * Jules Lemaître (1853–1914), French critic and dramatist * Maurice Lemaître ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giesl Ejector
A Giesl ejector is a suction draught system for steam locomotives that works on the same principle as a Injector, feedwater injector. This ejector (German: , or ) was invented in 1951 by the Austria, Austrian engineer, Dr. Adolph Giesl-Gieslingen. The Giesl ejector ensures improved suction draught and a correspondingly better use of energy. The existing blastpipe in a locomotive is replaced by several, small, fan-shaped, diverging blast pipes, from which the diffuser gets its flat, long, drawn-out shape. Fuel savings Giesl claimed that his ejector enabled a saving in coal of 6–12% – although in practice the maximum saving was closer to 8% – and an increase in power of up to 20%. Many railway administrations converted their steam engines to use Giesl ejectors, including the Österreichische Bundesbahnen, ÖBB, ČSD and Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR), Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) in East Germany, as well as railway companies in Africa, China and in Japanese National Railways, Japan ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard
LNER Class A4 4468 ''Mallard'' is a 4-6-2 ("Pacific") steam locomotive built in 1938 for operation on the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) at Doncaster Works to a design of Nigel Gresley. Its streamlined, wind tunnel tested design allowed it to haul long-distance express passenger services at high speeds. On 3 July 1938, ''Mallard'' broke the world speed record for steam locomotives at , which still stands today. While in British Railways days regular steam-hauled rail services in the UK were officially limited to a 'line speed', before the war, the A4s had to run significantly above just to keep schedule on trains such as the ''Silver Jubilee'' and '' The Coronation'', with the engines reaching 100 mph on many occasions. ''Mallard'' covered almost one and a half million miles (2.4 million km) before it was retired in 1963. The locomotive is long and weighs 165 long tons (168 tonnes, 369,600 lbs), including the tender. It is painted in LNER garter blue with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nigel Gresley
Sir Herbert Nigel Gresley (19 June 1876 – 5 April 1941) was a British railway engineer. He was one of Britain's most famous steam locomotive engineers, who rose to become Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). He was the designer of some of the most famous steam locomotives in Britain, including the GNR Class A1, LNER Class A1 and LNER Class A4 Whyte notation, 4-6-2 4-6-2, Pacific engines. An A1 Pacific, ''LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman, Flying Scotsman'', was the first steam locomotive officially recorded over 100 mph in passenger service, and an A4, No. 4468 ''LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard, Mallard'', still holds the record for being the fastest steam locomotive in the world (126 mph). Gresley's engines were considered elegant, both aesthetically and mechanically. His invention of a three-cylinder design with only two sets of Walschaerts valve gear, the Gresley conjugated valve gear, produced smooth running and power at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kylchap
The Kylchap steam locomotive exhaust system was designed and patented by French steam engineer André Chapelon, using a second-stage nozzle designed by the Finnish engineer Kyösti Kylälä, known as the ''Kylälä spreader'', with the composite name KylChap being given the design. Construction The Kylchap exhaust consists of four stacked nozzles, the first exhaust nozzle (UK: blastpipe) blowing exhaust steam only and known as the primary nozzle, with a Chapelon design using four triangular jets. That exhausts into the second stage, the Kylälä spreader, which mixes the exhaust steam with some of the smokebox gases. That exhausts into a third stage, designed by Chapelon, which mixes the resulting steam/smokebox gases mixture with yet more smokebox gases. The four nozzles of the third stage exhaust into the fourth stage, the classic bell-mouth chimney (U.S.: stack). Theory It was Chapelon's theory that such a multi-stage mixing and suction arrangement would be more effi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
