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Spinning (cycling)
Spinning is a brand of Indoor cycling, indoor bicycles and indoor cycling instruction classes distributed and licensed by the American health and fitness company Mad Dogg Athletics. Launched in 1993, the brand has become a popular term for indoor bicycles and indoor cycling fitness classes in the United States and worldwide. There are ongoing disputes to whether Spinning has become a generic term for indoor cycling equipment and Mad Dogg's trademark should be removed. History The Spinning indoor cycling program was developed by South African endurance bicycle racer Johnny G, Jonathan Goldberg, in 1987. Early prototypes were targeted towards endurance athletes as a substitute for outdoor bicycle training. The Johnny G Spinning Center was first opened in 1989, in Santa Monica, California. Later it was moved to Karen Voight, Karen Voight Fitness in West Hollywood, California, 1992 . In 1993, Goldberg and his business partner John Baudhuin launched the Spinning indoor cycling fitne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indoor Cycling
Indoor cycling, often called spinning, is a form of exercise with classes focusing on endurance, strength, intervals, high intensity (race days) and recovery, and involves using a special stationary exercise bicycle with a weighted flywheel in a classroom setting. When people took cycling indoors in the late 19th century, whether for reasons of weather or convenience, technology created faster, more compact and efficient machines over time. The first iterations of the stationary bike ranged from the vertical Gymnasticon to regular bicycles on rollers. Class content and goals Classes generally use specialized exercise bicycle, stationary bicycles. Features include a mechanical device to modify the difficulty of pedaling, specially shaped handlebars, and multiple adjustment points to fit the bicycle to a range of riders. Many have a weighted flywheel, which simulates the effects of inertia and momentum when riding a real bicycle. The pedals are equipped with toe clips as on sports ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schwinn Bicycle Company
The Schwinn Bicycle Company is an American company that develops, manufactures and markets bicycles under the eponymous brand name. The company was founded by Ignaz Schwinn (1860–1948) in Chicago in 1895, and in the 20th century became the dominant manufacturer of American bicycles. Schwinn first declared bankruptcy in 1992 and was restructured. In 2001 Schwinn again declared bankruptcy and was purchased by Pacific Cycle, now owned by the Dutch Conglomerate (company), conglomerate, Pon Holdings. History Founding of Schwinn Ignaz Schwinn was born in Hardheim, Baden, Germany, in 1860 and worked on two-wheeled ancestors of the modern bicycle that appeared in 19th century Europe. Schwinn emigrated to the United States in 1891. In 1895, with the financial backing of fellow German American Adolph Frederick William Arnold (a meat packing, meat packer), he founded Arnold, Schwinn & Company. Schwinn's new company coincided with a sudden bicycle craze in America. Chicago became the ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exercise Equipment
Exercise equipment is any apparatus or device used during physical activity to enhance the strength or conditioning effects of that exercise by providing either fixed or adjustable amounts of resistance, or to otherwise enhance the experience or outcome of an exercise routine. Exercise equipment may also include such wearable items as proper athletic shoe, footgear, weightlifting gloves, gloves, and hydration packs. General strength training equipment A broad range of different types of exercise equipment are available, including: *Weight training#Free weights, Free-weight training: **Dumbbells, preloaded or conventional **Barbells, preloaded or conventional **Kettlebells **Weight plates: bumper plates, steel plates, micro-plates **Collars *Weight machines *Cables *Rower grip bars *Head/neck harness *Variable Strength training, resistance training: **Elastic bands (resistance bands): monster bands, hip circles, floss bands, mini bands **Chain accommodation training: chains *Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genericized Trademark
A generic trademark, also known as a genericized trademark or proprietary eponym, is a trademark or brand name that, because of its popularity or significance, has become the generic term for, or synonymous with, a general class of products or services, usually against the intentions of the trademark's owner. A trademark is prone to genericization, or "genericide", when a brand name acquires substantial market dominance or mind share, becoming so widely used for similar products or services that it is no longer associated with the trademark owner, e.g., linoleum, bubble wrap, thermos, and aspirin. A trademark thus popularized is at risk of being challenged or revoked, unless the trademark owner works sufficiently to correct and prevent such broad use. Trademark owners can inadvertently contribute to genericization by failing to provide an alternative generic name for their product or service or using the trademark in similar fashion to generic terms. In one example, the Oti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CrossFit
CrossFit is a branded fitness regimen that involves constantly varied functional movements performed at high intensity. The method was developed by Greg Glassman, who founded CrossFit with Lauren Jenai in 2000, with CrossFit its registered trademark. The company forms what has been described as the biggest fitness chain in the world, with around 10,000 affiliated gyms in over 150 countries as of 2025, about 40% of which are located in the United States. CrossFit is promoted as both a physical exercise philosophy and a competitive fitness sport, incorporating elements from high-intensity interval training (HIIT), Olympic weightlifting, plyometrics, powerlifting, gymnastics, kettlebell lifting, calisthenics, strongman, and other exercises. CrossFit presents its training program as one that can best prepare its trainees for any physical contingency, preparing them for what may be "unknown" and "unknowable". It is practiced by members in CrossFit-affiliated gyms, and by individuals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Court (European Union)
The General Court, informally known as the European General Court (EGC), is a constituent court of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It hears actions taken against the institutions of the European Union by individuals and member states, although certain matters are reserved for the European Court of Justice. Decisions of the General Court can be appealed to the Court of Justice, but only on a point of law. Prior to the coming into force of the Lisbon Treaty on 1 December 2009, it was known as the Court of First Instance. Competence The General Court hears disputes (such as those by persons who have been refused a trade mark by EUIPO, the EU Trade Mark and designs registry). The creation of the General Court instituted a judicial system based on two levels of jurisdiction: all cases heard at first instance by the General Court may be subject to a right of appeal to the Court of Justice on points of law only. In view of the increasing number of cases brought before t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of with a mostly temperate Humid continental climate, continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec. The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial Estate of the Holy Roman Empire in 1002 and became Kingdom of Bohemia, a kingdom in 1198. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, all of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown were gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy. Nearly a hundred years later, the Protestantism, Protestant Bohemian Revolt led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Patent And Trademark Office
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is an List of federal agencies in the United States, agency in the United States Department of Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce that serves as the national patent office and trademark registration authority for the United States. The USPTO's headquarters are in Alexandria, Virginia, after a 2005 move from the Crystal City, Virginia, Crystal City area of neighboring Arlington County, Virginia, Arlington, Virginia. The USPTO is "unique among federal agencies because it operates solely on fees collected by its users, and not on taxpayer dollars". Its "operating structure is like a business in that it receives requests for services—applications for patents and trademark registrations—and charges fees projected to cover the cost of performing the services [it] provide[s]". The office is headed by the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property, under secretary of commerce for intellectual property and directo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generic Trademark
A generic trademark, also known as a genericized trademark or proprietary eponym, is a trademark or brand name that, because of its popularity or significance, has become the generic term for, or synonymous with, a general class of products or services, usually against the intentions of the trademark's owner. A trademark is prone to genericization, or "genericide", when a brand name acquires substantial market dominance or mind share, becoming so widely used for similar products or services that it is no longer associated with the trademark owner, e.g., linoleum, bubble wrap, thermos, and aspirin. A trademark thus popularized is at risk of being challenged or revoked, unless the trademark owner works sufficiently to correct and prevent such broad use. Trademark owners can inadvertently contribute to genericization by failing to provide an alternative generic name for their product or service or using the trademark in similar fashion to generic terms. In one example, the Oti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York City
New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive with a respective county. The city is the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the United States by both population and urban area. New York is a global center of finance and commerce, culture, technology, entertainment and media, academics, and scientific output, the arts and fashion, and, as home to the headquarters of the United Nations, international diplomacy. With an estimated population in 2024 of 8,478,072 distributed over , the city is the most densely populated major city in the United States. New York City has more than double the population of Los Angeles, the nation's second-most populous city. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exercise Equipment
Exercise equipment is any apparatus or device used during physical activity to enhance the strength or conditioning effects of that exercise by providing either fixed or adjustable amounts of resistance, or to otherwise enhance the experience or outcome of an exercise routine. Exercise equipment may also include such wearable items as proper athletic shoe, footgear, weightlifting gloves, gloves, and hydration packs. General strength training equipment A broad range of different types of exercise equipment are available, including: *Weight training#Free weights, Free-weight training: **Dumbbells, preloaded or conventional **Barbells, preloaded or conventional **Kettlebells **Weight plates: bumper plates, steel plates, micro-plates **Collars *Weight machines *Cables *Rower grip bars *Head/neck harness *Variable Strength training, resistance training: **Elastic bands (resistance bands): monster bands, hip circles, floss bands, mini bands **Chain accommodation training: chains *Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crunch Fitness
Crunch Fitness is a US-based brand of over 500 franchising, franchised and corporate owned health club, fitness clubs located in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, Spain, Portugal, Costa Rica, and Australia. Founded by Doug Levine in 1989, its current Worldwide CEO is Jim Rowley. History Crunch was founded in NYC's Greenwich Village in 1989 by Doug Levine, a former stockbroker. Crunch began as a fitness studio in a small basement. Levine came up with the "No Judgments" philosophy to remove the intimidation factor from going to the gym as well as combining this model with entertainment and diverse offerings, keeping members inspired to work out. The clubs became successful by appealing to young upscale members and by selling logo merchandise. On May 6, 2009, Crunch filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States. The gym's model began as a welcoming place for diverse groups of people to get fit, focusing on group workouts and combining entertainment with exercise. Cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
