|
Spined Soldier Bug
''Podisus maculiventris'', the spined soldier bug, is a medium-sized predatory shield bug common in North America. It has prominent spines on each "shoulder" and preys on a wide variety of arthropods, particularly the larval forms of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. As a generalist predator of many agricultural pests, ''P. maculiventris'' is generally considered a beneficial insect in gardens and crop fields. Description The coloration of ''P. maculiventris'' ranges from pale brown to tan. The body is shield-shaped with prominent, well-defined "shoulders." A distinguishing feature is the presence of a black streak on the wing membrane, along with spined humeri, which serve as key diagnostic characteristics. Adults and nymphs can be observed sucking and feeding on prey using their tubular mouthparts, which they can extend forward in front of the body. This differs from plant-feeding stink bugs where the mouthparts point downward when feeding. Both plant-feeding and predaceous stink b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Thomas Say
Thomas Say (June 27, 1787 – October 10, 1834) was an American entomologist, conchologist, and Herpetology, herpetologist. His studies of insects and shells, numerous contributions to scientific journals, and scientific expeditions to Florida, Georgia, the Rocky Mountains, Mexico, and elsewhere made him an internationally known naturalist. Say has been called the father of American descriptive entomology and American conchology. He served as librarian for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, curator at the American Philosophical Society (elected in 1817), and professor of natural history at the University of Pennsylvania. Early life and education Born in Philadelphia into a prominent Religious Society of Friends, Quaker family, Thomas Say was the great-grandson of John Bartram, and the great-nephew of William Bartram. His father, Dr. Benjamin Say, was brother-in-law to another Bartram son, Moses Bartram. The Say family had a house, "The Cliffs" at Gray's Ferry Bridge, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Helicoverpa Zea
''Helicoverpa zea, ''commonly known as the corn earworm, is a species (formerly in the genus ''Heliothis'') in the family Noctuidae. The larva of the moth ''Helicoverpa zea'' is a major agricultural pest (organism), pest. Since it is polyphagous (feeds on many different plants) during the larval stage, the species has been given many different common names, including the cotton bollworm and the tomato fruitworm. It also consumes a wide variety of other agriculture, crops. The species is widely distributed across the Americas with the exception of northern Canada and Alaska. It has become resistant to many pesticides, but can be controlled with integrated pest management techniques including deep ploughing, trap crops, chemical control using mineral oil, and Biological pest control, biological controls. The species migrates seasonally, at night, and can be carried downwind up to 400 km. Pupae can make use of diapause to wait out adverse environmental conditions, especially at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Insects Described In 1832
Insects (from Latin ') are hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and a pair of antennae. Insects are the most diverse group of animals, with more than a million described species; they represent more than half of all animal species. The insect nervous system consists of a brain and a ventral nerve cord. Most insects reproduce by laying eggs. Insects breathe air through a system of paired openings along their sides, connected to small tubes that take air directly to the tissues. The blood therefore does not carry oxygen; it is only partly contained in vessels, and some circulates in an open hemocoel. Insect vision is mainly through their compound eyes, with additional small ocelli. Many insects can hear, using tympanal organs, which may be on the legs or other parts of the body. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Asopinae
Asopinae are a subfamily of Pentatomidae, stink bugs (family (biology), family Pentatomidae). They are predatory stink bugs that are useful as biological control agents against pests, even against other Pentatomid species, which are all herbivore, herbivorous. Genera # ''Afrius'' (Syn. ''Subafrius'') # ''Alcaeorrhynchus'' Bergoth, 1891 (Syn. ''Mutyca'') # ''Amyotea'' # ''Anasida'' # ''Andrallus'' Bergroth, 1906 (Syn. ''Audinetia'') # ''Apateticus'' # ''Apoecilus'' # ''Arma (insect), Arma'' Hahn, 1832 # ''Australojalla'' # ''Blachia (bug), Blachia'' (Syn. ''Sesha'') # ''Brontocoris'' # ''Bulbostethus'' # ''Canthecona'' # ''Cantheconidea'' # ''Cazira'' (Syn. ''Acicazira'', ''Breddiniella'', ''Metacazira'', ''Teratocazira'') # ''Cecyrina'' # ''Cermatulus'' # ''Colpothyreus'' # ''Comperocoris'' # ''Coryzorhaphis'' (Syn. ''Gilva'') # ''Damarius'' # ''Dinorhynchus'' (Syn. ''Neoglypsus'') # ''Discocera (genus), Discocera'' (Syn. ''Acanthodiscocera'', ''Paradiscocera'') # ''Dorycoris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Imidacloprid
Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide belonging to a class of chemicals called the neonicotinoids which act on the central nervous system of insects. The chemical works by interfering with the transmission of stimuli in the insect nervous system. Specifically, it causes a blockage of the nicotinergic neuronal pathway. By blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, imidacloprid prevents acetylcholine from transmitting impulses between nerves, resulting in the insect's paralysis and eventual death. It is effective on contact and via stomach action. Because imidacloprid binds much more strongly to insect neuron receptors than to mammal neuron receptors, this insecticide is more toxic to insects than to mammals. From 1999 through , imidacloprid was the most widely used insecticide in the world. Although it is now off patent, the primary manufacturer of this chemical is Bayer CropScience (part of Bayer AG). It is sold under many names for many uses; it can be applied by soil injec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pyriproxyfen
Pyriproxyfen is a pesticide which is found to be effective against a variety of insects. It was introduced to the US in 1996, to protect cotton crops against whitefly. It has also been found useful for protecting other crops. It is also used as a prevention for flea control on household pets, for killing indoor and outdoor ants and roaches. Methods of application include aerosols, bait, carpet powders, foggers, shampoos and pet collars. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog ( IRAC group 7C) and an insect growth regulator. It prevents larvae from developing into adulthood and thus rendering them unable to reproduce. In the US, pyriproxyfen is often marketed under the trade name Nylar, and is one of two active ingredients in Advantage II. In Europe, pyriproxyfen is known under the brand names Cyclio ( Virbac) and Exil Flea Free TwinSpot (Emax). Toxicity in mammals Pyriproxyfen has low acute toxicity. According to WHO and FAO, at elevated doses exceeding 5000 mg/kg of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Diflubenzuron
Diflubenzuron is an insecticide of the benzoylurea class. It is used in forest management and on field crops to selectively control insect pests, particularly forest tent caterpillar moths, boll weevils, gypsy moths, and other types of moths. It is a widely used larvicide in India for control of mosquito larvae by public health authorities. Diflubenzuron is approved by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme. Mechanism of action The mechanism of action of diflubenzuron involves inhibiting the production of chitin which is used by an insect to build its exoskeleton. It triggers insect larvae to molt early without a properly formed exoskeleton, resulting in the death of the larvae. Environmental toxicity Diflubenzuron has been evaluated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and it is classified as non-carcinogenic. 4-Chloroaniline, a metabolite of diflubenzuron which has been classified as a carcinogen, is produced after diflubenzuron has been ingested. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Diafenthiuron
Diafenthioron is a pesticide, specifically an insecticide. Diafenthiuron is sold under the brand names Derby, Diron, Pegasus, Polar and Polo. History Diafenthiuron was introduced to the market in 1990 by a pharmaceutical company called Ciba-Geigy in Switzerland and due to rising environmental concerns it is no longer approved in Switzerland and other countries of the European Union. However, until 2001, Switzerland still produced and exported the compound to other countries where its use as an agricultural pesticide was still legal. Structure and reactivity Diafenthiuron is an phenol ether of molecular weight 384.6 g/mole and containing two 6-carbon rings attached to an oxygen and nitrilo (''tert''-butylcarbamate) group substituting for a hydrogen atom at position 2. It is highly soluble in multiple organic solvents however dissolves poorly in aqueous solutions due to the hydrocarbon rich regions and oxygen atom which do not form H bonds with water molecules. Therefore diafe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pyrethroid
A pyrethroid is an organic compound similar to the natural pyrethrins, which are produced by the flowers of pyrethrums (''Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium'' and ''Chrysanthemum coccineum, C. coccineum''). Pyrethroids are used as commercial and household insecticides. In household concentrations pyrethroids are generally harmless to humans. However, pyrethroids are toxic to insects such as bees, dragonflies, mayflies, Horse-fly, gadflies, and some other invertebrates, including those that constitute the base of aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Pyrethroids are toxic to aquatic organisms, especially fish.Pyrethroids fact sheet from the Illinois Department of Public Health. They have been shown to be an effective control measure for malaria outbreaks, through indoor applications. ...
|
Carbamate
In organic chemistry, a carbamate is a category of organic compounds with the general Chemical formula, formula and Chemical structure, structure , which are formally Derivative (chemistry), derived from carbamic acid (). The term includes organic compounds (e.g., the ester ethyl carbamate), formally obtained by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms by other organic functional groups; as well as salt (chemistry), salts with the carbamate anion (e.g. ammonium carbamate). Polymers whose repeat units are joined by carbamate like groups are an important family of plastics, the polyurethanes. See for clarification. Properties While carbamic acids are unstable, many carbamate esters and salt (chemistry), salts are stable and well known. Equilibrium with carbonate and bicarbonate In water solutions, the carbamate anion slowly equilibrates with the ammonium cation and the carbonate or bicarbonate anions: : : Calcium carbamate is soluble in water, whereas calcium carbona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Organophosphate
In organic chemistry, organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters, or OPEs) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure , a central phosphate molecule with alkyl or aromatic substituents. They can be considered as esters of phosphoric acid. Organophosphates are best known for their use as pesticides. Like most functional groups, organophosphates occur in a diverse range of forms, with important examples including key biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and ATP, as well as many insecticides, herbicides, nerve agents and flame retardants. OPEs have been widely used in various products as flame retardants, plasticizers, and performance additives to engine oil. The low cost of production and compatibility to diverse polymers made OPEs to be widely used in industry including textile, furniture, electronics as plasticizers and flame retardants. These compounds are added to the final product physically rather than by chemical bond. Due to this, OPEs leak in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cosmopepla Conspicillaris
''Cosmopepla'' is a genus of stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae. '' Cosmopepla lintneriana'' is the type species. ''Cosmopepla lintneriana'' was first described in 1798 by Johan Christian Fabricius Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is co ... as ''Cimex carnifex''. Species * '' Cosmopepla bimaculata'' (Thomas, 1865) * '' Cosmopepla binotata'' Distant, 1889 * '' Cosmopepla coeruleata'' Montandon, 1893 * '' Cosmopepla conspicillaris'' (Dallas, 1851) – hedgenettle stink bug, conspicuous stink bug * '' Cosmopepla cruciaria'' Stål, 1872 * '' Cosmopepla decorata'' (Hahn, 1834) * '' Cosmopepla intergressus'' (Uhler, 1893) * '' Cosmopepla lintneriana'' (Kirkaldy, 1909) – twice-stabbed stink bug * '' Cosmopepla uhleri'' Montandon, 1893 References Carpocorini Pentatomom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
