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Speech Balloon
Speech balloons (also speech bubbles, dialogue balloons, or word balloons) are a graphic convention used most commonly in comic books, comics, and cartoons to allow words (and much less often, pictures) to be understood as representing a character's speech or thoughts. A formal distinction is often made between the balloon that indicates speech and the one that indicates thoughts; the balloon that conveys thoughts is often referred to as a thought bubble or conversation cloud. History One of the earliest antecedents to the modern speech bubble were the " speech scrolls", wispy lines that connected first-person speech to the mouths of the speakers in Mesoamerican art between 600 and 900 AD. Earlier, paintings, depicting stories in subsequent frames, using descriptive text resembling bubbles-text, were used in murals, one such example written in Greek, dating to the 2nd century, found in Capitolias, today in Jordan. In Western graphic art, labels that reveal what a pictured fi ...
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The Glasgow Looking Glass
''The Glasgow Looking Glass'' was the first mass-produced publication to tell stories using illustrations, and as such is regarded as the earliest comics magazine. The final issue was published on 3 April 1826. Publishing history The title was published by Glasgow lithographic Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by the German ... printer John Watson and its principal strip illustrator was William Heath. The fourth issue contained ''History of a Coat'', its first comic strip. After the fifth issue, the title was changed to ''The Northern Looking Glass'' to reflect broader Scottish concerns. Format The fortnightly publication provided satirical snapshots of Glasgow society, British culture and 19th-century fashions. Innovations included use of the term " To be continued" and word ...
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Rob-Vel
François Robert Velter (; 9 February 1909 – 27 April 1991), known by his pen-name Rob-Vel (), was a French cartoonist. He is best known for creating the character ''Spirou et Fantasio, Spirou'' in 1938. Biography Like ''Spirou'', Velter began his career as a elevator operator, lift attendant at age 16, in the London Ritz Charlton. He later learned the trade as an assistant to American cartoonist Martin Branner on the ''Winnie Winkle'' strip from 1934 to 1936. In 1938, Velter created the title character for the launch of a new magazine by Belgian publisher Dupuis, Éditions Dupuis, ''Spirou (magazine), Le Journal de Spirou''. Signed with the pen-name Rob-Vel, the story was titled ''Groom au Moustic–hôtel'' (''Bellboy at the Hotel Mosquito'', named after another of Dupuis magazines). Later the same year, he created Spirou's inseparable companion, the squirrel Spip (comics character), Spip, for the story ''L’héritage''. When Velter was drafted and wounded in 1940, his ...
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The Adventures Of Tintin
''The Adventures of Tintin'' ( ) is a series of 24 comic albums created by Belgians, Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi, who wrote under the pen name Hergé. The series was one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century. By 2007, a century after Hergé's birth in 1907, ''Tintin'' had been published in more than 70 languages with sales of more than 200 million copies, and had been adapted for radio, television, theatre, and film. The series first appeared in French on 10 January 1929 in (''The Little Twentieth''), a youth supplement to the Belgian newspaper (''The Twentieth Century''). The success of the series led to serial (literature), serialised strips published in Belgium's leading newspaper (''The Evening'') and spun into a successful Tintin (magazine), ''Tintin'' magazine. In 1950, Hergé created Studios Hergé, which produced the canonical versions of ten ''Tintin'' albums. Following Hergé's death in 1983, the final instalment of the series, ''Tintin and Al ...
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Hergé
Georges Prosper Remi (; 22 May 1907 – 3 March 1983), known by the pen name Hergé ( ; ), from the French pronunciation of his reversed initials ''RG'', was a Belgian comic strip artist. He is best known for creating ''The Adventures of Tintin'', the series of Franco-Belgian comics#Formats, comic albums that are considered one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century. He was also responsible for two other well-known series, ''Quick & Flupke'' (1930–1940) and ''The Adventures of Jo, Zette and Jocko'' (1936–1957). His works were executed in his distinctive ''ligne claire'' drawing style. Born to a lower-middle-class family in Etterbeek, Brussels, Hergé began his career by contributing illustrations to Scouting magazines, developing his first comic series, ''The Adventures of Totor'', for ''Le Boy-Scout Belge'' in 1926. Working for the conservative Catholic newspaper ''Le Vingtième Siècle'', he created ''The Adventures of Tintin'' in 1929 on the advice o ...
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Zig Et Puce
''Zig et Puce'' is a Franco-Belgian comics series created by Alain Saint-Ogan in 1925 that became popular and influential over a long period. After ending production, it was revived by Greg for a second successful publication run. Synopsis Zig and Puce, the thin and the chubby one, respectively, are two teenagers who frequently experience adventures. On an expedition to the North Pole they meet their pet auk, Alfred. Their adventures are often exotic, and occasionally fantastic in nature, leading to destinations such as Venus or the future. Publication history ''Zig et Puce'' first appeared in the ''Dimanche Illustré'', weekly supplement of the French newspaper ''l'Excelsior'', on 3 May 1925. The third major character, Alfred, made his first appearance on 25 December 1925. The series' style was influenced by the Art-Deco design of the period, and its engaging stories are suggested to be the main reason for its wide appeal among both adults and youth, and the subsequent ...
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Alain Saint-Ogan
Alain Saint-Ogan (; August 7, 1895 – June 22, 1974) was a French comics author and artist. He is best remembered for his long-running humorous children's adventure comic ''Zig et Puce''. He was also active as an editorial cartoonist, a children's radio show presenter, a book illustrator, advertising artist and an animator. Biography In 1925, he created the well-known comic strip ''Zig et Puce'' (''Zig and Flea''), which initially appeared in the ''Dimanche Illustré'' (Sunday Illustrated), the weekly youth supplement of the French daily newspaper, ''l'Excelsior''. Among his other comic strips: ''Mitou et Toti'' (''Mitou and Toti''), ''Prosper l'ours'' (''Prosper the Bear'', started in 1933), ''Monsieur Poche'' (''Mr. Pocket'', started in 1934), and ''Touitoui''. In the 1940s, he edited a children's magazine, ''Benjamin'', for which he created the comic strip ''Troc et Boum'' (''Troc and Boom''). In 1934, Saint-Ogan adapted ''Prosper L'Ours'' into an animated short. ''Zig ...
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Text Comics
Text comics or a text comic is a form of comics where the stories are told in Cartoon caption, captions below the images and without the use of speech balloons. It is the oldest form of comics and was especially dominant in European comics from the 19th century until the 1950s, after which it gradually lost popularity in favor of comics with speech balloons. Definition A text comic is published as a series of illustrations that can be read as a continuous story. However, within the illustrations themselves no text is used: no speech balloons, no onomatopoeias, no written indications to explain where the action takes place or how much time has passed. In order to understand what is happening in the drawings the reader has to read the captions below each image, where the story is written out in the same style as a novel. Much like other comics text comics were pre-published in newspapers and weekly comics magazines as a continuous story, told in daily or weekly episodes. When publi ...
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Tarzan (comics)
Tarzan, a fictional character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, first appeared in the 1912 novel '' Tarzan of the Apes'', and then in 23 sequels. The character proved immensely popular and quickly made the jump to other media, including comics. Comic strips ''Tarzan of the Apes'' was adapted into newspaper strip form, first published January 7, 1929, with illustrations by Hal Foster. A full page Sunday strip began on March 15, 1931, with artwork by Rex Maxon. United Feature Syndicate distributed the strip. Over the years, many artists have drawn the ''Tarzan'' comic strip, notably Rex Maxon (1929–1947), Burne Hogarth (1937–1945, 1947–1950), Ruben Moreira (1945–1947), Dan Barry (1948), Paul Reinman (1949–1950), Bob Lubbers (1950–1954), John Celardo (1954–1967), Russ Manning (1967–1979), Gil Kane (1979–1981), Mike Grell (1981–1983), Gray Morrow (1983–2001) and Eric Battle (2001–2002). The daily strip began to reprint old dailies after the l ...
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Prince Valiant
''Prince Valiant in the Days of King Arthur'', often simply called ''Prince Valiant'', is an American comic strip created by Hal Foster in 1937. It is an epic adventure that has told a continuous story during its entire history, and the full stretch of that story now totals more than 4600 Sunday strips. The strip appears weekly in more than 300 American newspapers, according to its distributor, King Features Syndicate. As the Duke of Windsor, Edward VIII called ''Prince Valiant'' the "greatest contribution to English literature in the past hundred years". Generally regarded by comics historians as one of the most impressive visual creations ever syndicated, the strip is noted for its realistically rendered panoramas and the intelligent, sometimes humorous, narrative. The format does not employ word balloons. Instead, the story is narrated in captions positioned at the bottom or sides of panels. Events depicted are taken from various time periods, from the late Roman Empir ...
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Hal Foster
Harold Rudolf Foster, FRSA (August 16, 1892 – July 25, 1982) was a Canadian-American comic strip artist and writer best known as the creator of the comic strip '' Prince Valiant''. His drawing style is noted for its high level of draftsmanship and attention to detail. Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Foster moved to the United States in 1921, and began his illustration career in Chicago, eventually becoming an American citizen. In 1928, he began one of the earliest adventure comic strips, an adaptation of Edgar Rice Burroughs's ''Tarzan''. In 1937, he created his signature strip, the weekly ''Prince Valiant'', a fantasy adventure set in medieval times. The strip featured Foster's dexterous, detailed artwork; Foster eschewed word balloons, preferring to have narration and dialogue in captions. Early life Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Foster was a staff artist for Stovel, Commercial Art Co., W.M. Buckley Studio, and Brigdens Limited in Winnipeg. In 1919, Foster rode his bi ...
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Yellow Kid
The Yellow Kid (Mickey Dugan) is an American comic-strip character that appeared from 1895 to 1898 in Joseph Pulitzer's ''New York World'', and later William Randolph Hearst's ''New York Journal''. Created and drawn by Richard F. Outcault in the comic strip ''Hogan's Alley'' (and later under other names as well), the strip was one of the first Sunday supplement comic strips in an American newspaper, although its graphical layout had already been thoroughly established in political and other, purely-for-entertainment cartoons.Wood, Mary (2004)''The Yellow Kid on paper and stage, Contemporary illustrations'' Retrieved October 17, 2007. Outcault's use of word balloons in ''The Yellow Kid'' influenced the basic appearance and use of balloons in subsequent newspaper comic strips and comic books. ''The Yellow Kid'' is also famous for its connection to the coining of the term "yellow journalism". The idea of "yellow journalism" referred to stories that were sensationalized for the sak ...
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