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Societal Racism
Societal racism is a type of racism based on a set of institutional, historical, cultural and interpersonal practices within a society that places one or more social or ethnic groups in a better position to succeed and disadvantages other groups so that disparities develop between the groups. Societal racism has also been called structural racism, because, according to Carl E. James, society is structured in a way that excludes substantial numbers of people from minority backgrounds from taking part in social institutions. Societal racism is sometimes referred to as systemic racism as well. Societal racism is a form of societal discrimination. Background and importance According to James Joseph Scheurich and Michelle D. Young, racism can be categorized into five types: * Overt racism, for example, when an individual says something racist * Covert racism, which is also an individual phenomenon * Institutional racism, which is when institutions treat people of different races d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one Race (human categorization), race or ethnicity over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different ethnic background. Modern variants of racism are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These views can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems in which different races are ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. There have been attempts to legitimize racist beliefs through scientific means, such as scientific racism, which have been overwhelmingly shown to be unfounded. In terms of political systems (e.g. apartheid) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Islander
Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans, or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the list of islands in the Pacific Ocean, Pacific Islands. As an ethnic group, ethnic/race (human categorization), racial term, it is used to describe the original peoples—inhabitants and diasporas—of any of the three major subregions of Oceania (Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia) or any other island located in the Pacific Ocean. Melanesians include the Fijians (Fiji), Kanak people, Kanaks (New Caledonia), Ni-Vanuatu (Vanuatu), Indigenous people of New Guinea, Papua New Guineans (Papua New Guinea), Solomon Islands#Ethnic groups, Solomon Islanders (Solomon Islands), Western New Guinea#Demographics, West Papuans (Indonesia's Western New Guinea, West Papua) and Moluccans (Indonesia's Maluku Islands). Micronesians include the Carolinian people, Carolinians (Caroline Islands), Chamorro people, Chamorros (Guam and Northern Mariana Islands), Chuukese people, Chuukese (Chuuk State, Chuuk), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agency (sociology)
In social science, agency is the capacity of individuals to have the power and resources to fulfill their potential. Social structure consists of those factors of influence (such as social class, religion, gender, ethnicity, ability, customs, etc.) that determine or limit agents and their decisions. The influences from structure and agency are debated—it is unclear to what extent a person's actions are constrained by social systems. One's agency is one's independent capability or ability to act on one's will. This ability is affected by the cognitive belief structure which one has formed through one's experiences, and the perceptions held by the society and the individual, of the structures and circumstances of the environment one is in and the position one is born into. Disagreement on the extent of one's agency often causes conflict between parties, e.g. parents and children. History The overall concept of agency has existed since the Enlightenment where there was debat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Adkins-Jackson
Paris ("AJ") Adkins-Jackson is an epidemiologist, health equity researcher, and Assistant Professor of Epidemiology and Sociomedical Sciences in the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University in New York. She uses mixed methods combining qualitative and quantitative data to study community health and the role of structural racism on healthy aging. Adkins-Jackson grew up in south central Los Angeles, the daughter of a musician. She attended Hamilton High School. She gained a Bachelor of Arts in journalism from Humboldt State University in 2005, a Masters of Arts from California Institute of Integral Studies in cultural anthropology 2007, and a Masters of Public Health from Claremont Graduate University in 2012. While she was a doctoral student in psychometrics at Morgan State University, she was named 2016 HBCU All-Star student by the White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities. She gained her PhD in 2018 with a dissertation entitled, ''E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morehouse School Of Medicine
Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM) is an independent and private historically-Black medical school in Atlanta, Georgia. Originally a part of Morehouse College, the school became independent in 1981. History MSM was established at the suggestion of several Atlanta community doctors who saw the disparities and outcomes for black patients in Georgia. They approached Morehouse College president Hugh Gloster, who formed a committee in 1970, to analyze the feasibility of a medical school as part of the Atlanta University Center complex campus, that included Clark Atlanta University, Interdenominational Theological Center, Morehouse College, Morris Brown College, and Spelman College. In 1975, the School of Medicine at Morehouse College opened its doors and Louis W. Sullivan served as the inaugural dean. The first students were admitted in 1978, to a two-year program in the basic sciences, and transferred to other medical schools for the clinical years of their training. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centers For Disease Control And Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the National public health institutes, national public health agency of the United States. It is a Federal agencies of the United States, United States federal agency under the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The CDC's current nominee for director is Susan Monarez. She became acting director on January 23, 2025, but stepped down on March 24, 2025 when nominated for the director position. On May 14, 2025, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. stated that lawyer Matthew Buzzelli is acting CDC director. However, the CDC web site does not state the acting director's name. The agency's main goal is the protection of public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability in the US and worldwide. The CDC focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention. It e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heckler Report
The Heckler Report, officially the ''Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health'', was a landmark 1985 report published by the US Government. It is named after Margaret Heckler, who was Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services from 1983 to 1985. The Heckler Report investigated racial and ethnic disparities in health in the United States. History In 1977, the Association of Minority Health Professions Schools was formed by Louis Wade Sullivan, Ralph Cazort, Anthony Rachal, and Walter Bowie. In the early 1980s, they commissioned a study by Ruth Hanft which was published as "Blacks and the Health Professions in the 1980s: A National Crisis and A Time for Action". In March 1983, members of the Association of Minority Health Professions Schools met with Margaret Heckler, who was Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services. Heckler was said to be disturbed by the "Blacks and the Health Professions..." documentation of life expectancy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cycle Of Poverty
In economics, a cycle of poverty, poverty trap or generational poverty is when poverty seems to be inherited, preventing subsequent generations from escaping it. It is caused by self-reinforcing mechanisms that cause poverty, once it exists, to persist unless there is outside intervention. It can persist across generations, and when applied to developing countries, is also known as a development trap. Families trapped in the cycle of poverty have few to no Factors of production, resources. There are many self-reinforcing disadvantages that make it virtually impossible for individuals to break the cycle. Lack of financial capital, education, and Social network, social connections all play a role in keeping the impoverished within the cycle of poverty. Those who are born into poverty have been shown to consistently remain poor throughout their lives. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wealth Gap
The distribution of wealth is a comparison of the wealth of various members or groups in a society. It shows one aspect of economic inequality or heterogeneity in economics, economic heterogeneity. The distribution of wealth differs from the income distribution in that it looks at the Distribution (economics), economic distribution of ownership of the assets in a society, rather than the current income of members of that society. According to the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, "the world distribution of wealth is much more unequal than that of income." For rankings regarding wealth, see list of countries by wealth equality or list of countries by wealth per adult. Definition of wealth Wealth of an individual is defined as net worth, expressed as: wealth = assets − liability (financial accounting), liabilities A broader definition of wealth, which is rarely used in the measurement of wealth inequality, also includes human capital. For example ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2017 Median Income Graph By Ethnicity
Seventeen or 17 may refer to: *17 (number) * One of the years 17 BC, AD 17, 1917, 2017, 2117 Science * Chlorine, a halogen in the periodic table * 17 Thetis, an asteroid in the asteroid belt Literature Magazines * ''Seventeen'' (American magazine), an American magazine * ''Seventeen'' (Japanese magazine), a Japanese magazine Novels * ''Seventeen'' (Tarkington novel), a 1916 novel by Booth Tarkington *''Seventeen'' (''Sebuntiin''), a 1961 novel by Kenzaburō Ōe *'' Seventeen'' (''Kuraimāzu hai''), a 2003 novel by Hideo Yokoyama * ''Seventeen'' (Serafin novel), a 2004 novel by Shan Serafin Stage and screen Film * ''Seventeen'' (1916 film), an American silent comedy film *''Number Seventeen'', a 1932 film directed by Alfred Hitchcock * ''Seventeen'' (1940 film), an American comedy film *''Stalag 17'', an American war film *''Eric Soya's '17''' (Danish: ''Sytten''), a 1965 Danish comedy film * ''Seventeen'' (1985 film), a documentary film * ''17 Again'', a 2009 film whose wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Model Minority
The term model minority refers to a minority group, defined by factors such as ethnicity, race, or religion, whose members are perceived to be achieving a higher socioeconomic status in comparison to the overall population average. Consequently, these groups are often regarded as a role model or reference group for comparison to external groups ( outgroups). This success is typically assessed through metrics including educational attainment, representation within managerial and professional occupations, household income, and various other socioeconomic indicators such as criminal activity and strong family and marital stability. The prominent association of the model minority concept is with Asian Americans within the United States. Additionally, analogous concepts of classism have been observed in numerous European countries, leading to the stereotyping of specific ethnic groups. The concept of the model minority has generated controversy due to its historical application ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Disparities
Health equity arises from access to the social determinants of health, specifically from wealth, power and prestige. Individuals who have consistently been deprived of these three determinants are significantly disadvantaged from health inequities, and face worse health outcomes than those who are able to access certain resources. It is not equity to simply provide every individual with the same resources; that would be equality. In order to achieve health equity, resources must be allocated based on an individual need-based principle. According to the World Health Organization, "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". The quality of health and how health is distributed among economic and social status in a society can provide insight into the level of development within that society. Health is a basic human right and human need, and all human rights are interconnected. Thus, health must be discuss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
