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Smokejumper
A smokejumper is a specially-trained wildland firefighter who provides an initial attack response on remote wildfires. They are inserted at the site of the fire by parachute. This allows firefighters to access remote fires in their early stages without needing to hike long distances carrying equipment and supplies. Traditional terrestrial crews can use only what they can carry and often require hours and days to reach fire on foot. The benefits of smokejumping include the speed at which firefighters can reach a burn site, the broad range of fires a single crew can reach by aircraft, and the larger equipment payloads that can be delivered to a fire compared to pedestrian crews. Once arrived on site, smokejumpers utilize similar strategies to hotshot crews and terrestrial crews to extinguish fires. Primarily, firefighters use axes to dig trenches around the fire's perimeter to isolate the flames from further fuel sources - nearby trees and shrubs. By tilling the newly exposed s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earl Cooley (smokejumper)
Earl Cooley (1911–2009) was an American smokejumper and founder of the National Smokejumper Association. He spent his career working in the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), where he was concerned with developing new methods of fighting forest fires. In 1940, he was one of the first U.S. firefighters to parachute from a plane onto a wildfire. Cooley went on to train new smokejumpers. After his retirement from the USFS, he set up the National Smokejumper Association, of which he was president from 1993 to 1995. Early life Cooley was born in Hardin, Montana, in 1911. He was one of 10 children. When he was 12 years old, his father suffered a substantial financial setback (NYTimes). He dropped out of school to help support his family. He relied on his abilities to hunt, fish, trap, and farm in order to help earn money. Education He went back to high school and graduated from the class of 1930. After graduation, he went on to attend and graduate from the forestry school at the Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerial Firefighting
Aerial firefighting, also known as waterbombing, is the use of aircraft and other aerial resources to Wildfire suppression, combat wildfires. The types of aircraft used include fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. Smokejumpers and rappellers are also classified as aerial firefighters, delivered to the fire by parachute from a variety of fixed-wing aircraft, or rappelling from helicopters. Chemicals used to fight fires may include water, water enhancers such as Fire-fighting foam, foams and Fire-retardant gel, gels, and specially formulated fire retardants such as Phos-Chek. Terminology The idea of fighting forest fires from the air dates back at least as far as Friedrich Karl von Koenig-Warthausen's observations on seeing a blaze when overflying the Santa Lucia Range, California, in 1929. A wide variety of terminology has been used in the popular media for the aircraft (and methods) used in aerial firefighting. The terms airtanker or air tanker generally refer to fixed-wing air ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cave Junction, Oregon
Cave Junction is a city in Josephine County, Oregon, United States. The city got its name by virtue of its location at the junction of Redwood Highway ( U.S. Route 199) and Caves Highway ( Oregon Route 46). As of the 2020 census, the city population was 2,071. Following World War II, timber became the main source of income for residents. As timber income has since declined, the city is attempting to compensate with tourism and branding itself as a haven for retirees. History For thousands of years, the Takelma Indians inhabited the Illinois Valley. Their culture was destroyed when gold was discovered in the early 1850s, causing the subsequent Rogue River Wars. After an 1853 treaty, most of the Takelmas lived on the Table Rock Reservation. In 1856, after the wars ended, they were forcibly removed to the Grand Ronde Reservation and the Siletz Reservation. The first gold in Oregon history was found in the Illinois Valley, as well as the largest gold nugget (). In 1904, more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wildfire
A wildfire, forest fire, or a bushfire is an unplanned and uncontrolled fire in an area of Combustibility and flammability, combustible vegetation. Depending on the type of vegetation present, a wildfire may be more specifically identified as a bushfire (Bushfires in Australia, in Australia), desert fire, grass fire, hill fire, Peat#Peat fires, peat fire, prairie fire, vegetation fire, or veld fire. Some natural forest ecosystems Fire ecology, depend on wildfire. Modern forest management often engages in prescribed burns to mitigate fire risk and promote natural forest cycles. However, controlled burns can turn into wildfires by mistake. Wildfires can be classified by cause of ignition, physical properties, combustible material present, and the effect of weather on the fire. Wildfire severity results from a combination of factors such as available fuels, physical setting, and weather. Climatic cycles with wet periods that create substantial fuels, followed by drought and heat, of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotshot Crew
In the United States, a Shot Crew, officially known as an Interagency Hotshot Crew (IHC), is a team of 20-25 elite wildland firefighters that mainly respond to large, high-priority fires across the country and abroad. They are assigned to work the most challenging parts of the fire and are considered strategic and tactical wildland fire experts. Hotshot crews are considered the most highly trained, skilled and experienced wildland firefighters, along with smokejumpers. They are qualified to provide leadership for initial-attack and extended-attack on wildland fires. Hotshots are trained and equipped to work in remote areas for extended periods of time with minimal logistical support. They are organized by the United States Forest Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Land Management, and Alaska and Utah state agencies; the National Interagency Fire Center coordinates hotshot crews on the federal level. History Prior to the 1930s, wildland firefightin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winthrop, Washington
Winthrop is a town in Okanogan County, Washington, United States. It is east of Mazama and north of Twisp. The population was 394 at the 2010 census, and increased to 504 at the 2020 census. Winthrop adopted an Old West theme for its downtown architecture in 1971 to prepare for the opening of the North Cascades Highway. History Native Americans, including the Methow people, were the first inhabitants of Winthrop, with evidence of human habitation at least 8,000 to 10,000 years before present. They lived along the banks of the Methow and Chewuch rivers, where they harvested camas root and berries, fished, and hunted. The Methow had seasonal camps and returned annually to the upper valley in the summer once they acquired had horses in the 18th century. The Columbia Plateau peoples, including the Methow and Syilx, established routes over Cascade Pass to trade with Coast Salish tribes in modern-day Skagit Valley. The population of the Methow people and other Columbia P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huson, Montana
Huson is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Missoula County, Montana, United States. Its population was 256 as of the 2020 census, up from 210 in 2010. History Huson was established as a railroad station in about 1894. The post office opened as Glaude in about 1897, but was changed to Huson around a year later. Geography Huson is in northwestern Missoula County, in the valley of the Clark Fork River, which forms the southern border of the community. It is served by Exit 85 of Interstate 90, which leads southeast to Missoula and northwest to Superior. According to the U.S. Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The U.S. Census Bureau is part of the U ..., the Huson CDP has an area of , of which , or 1.54%, are water. Demographics Education Frenchtown Public Schools, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civilian Conservation Corps
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a voluntary government unemployment, work relief program that ran from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men ages 18–25 and eventually expanded to ages 17–28. The CCC was a major part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal that supplied manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state, and local governments. The CCC was designed to supply jobs for young men and to relieve families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression in the United States. There was eventually a smaller counterpart program for unemployed women called the She-She-She Camps, which were championed by Eleanor Roosevelt. Robert Fechner was the first director of this agency, succeeded by James McEntee (labor leader), James McEntee following Fechner's death. The largest enrollment at any one time was 300,000. Through the course of its nine years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pack Animal
A pack animal, also known as a sumpter animal or beast of burden, is a working animal used to transport goods or materials by carrying them, usually on its back. Domestic animals of many species are used in this way, among them alpacas, Bactrian camels, donkeys, dromedaries, gayal, goats, horses, llamas, mules, reindeer, water buffaloes and yaks. Diversity Traditional pack animals include ungulates such as camels, the domestic yak, reindeer, goats, water buffaloes, and llama, and domesticated members of the horse family including horses, donkeys, and mules. Occasionally, dogs can be used to carry small loads. Pack animals by region * Arctic – reindeer and sled dogs * Central Africa and Southern Africa – oxen, mules, donkeys * Eurasia – donkeys, oxen, horses, mules ** Central Asia – Bactrian camels, yaks, horses, mules, donkeys ** South and Southeast Asia – water buffaloes, yaks, Asian elephants * North America – horses, mules, don ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mso Smokejumpers
MSO may refer to: Orchestras * Madison Symphony Orchestra, of Madison, Wisconsin, U.S. * Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia * Melbourne Ska Orchestra, of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia * Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. * Monroe Symphony Orchestra, of Monroe, Louisiana, U.S. * Montreal Symphony Orchestra, of Montreal, Quebec, Canada Businesses and organizations * Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, a media and merchandising company * McLaren Special Operations of McLaren Automotive * Mind Sports Organisation, a vehicle for promoting mental-skill games ** Mind Sports Olympiad Science and technology * Methionine sulfoximine, a chemical compound * Multiple system operator, an operator of multiple cable or direct-broadcast satellite TV systems * Murashige and Skoog medium, a plant growth medium used in laboratories for cellular cultivation * Mixed-signal oscilloscope * Monadic second-order logic In mathematical logic, monadic s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Missoula, Montana
Missoula ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Missoula County, Montana, United States. It is located along the Clark Fork River near its confluence with the Bitterroot and Blackfoot rivers in western Montana and at the convergence of five mountain ranges, and thus it is often described as the "hub of five valleys". The population was 73,489 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 78,204 in 2024. Missoula and Mineral Counties are included in the Missoula metropolitan area at 127,741 in 2024. Missoula is the second-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area in Montana. Missoula is home to the University of Montana, a public research university. The Missoula area was settled by people of European descent from 1858, including William T. Hamilton, who set up a trading post along the Rattlesnake Creek; Captain Richard Grant, who settled near Grant Creek; and David Pattee, who settled near Pattee Canyon. Missoula was founded in 1860 as Hellgate Trading Post while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
