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Small Border Traffic
The local border traffic or small border traffic is cross-border traffic of residents of a border area. In many cases local border traffic is subject to bilateral regulation aimed at the simplification of border crossing for these residents. Often, additional border crossing points are created to carry only local border traffic. European Union The European Union rules on local border traffic were established by Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006. Former Yugoslavia Of the former Communist states, citizens of Yugoslavia enjoyed a significant freedom of international movement. In 1960, local border traffic on the Yugoslavia — Italy border in Istria Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; ; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian: ; ; ) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at th ... registered almost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Border Area
The border area is the area immediately adjacent to the border of a country. In addition to the informal definition, a border area may have a legal definition and delineation, both domestically and due to bilateral agreements. Reasons for legal definition of a border area include enhanced security and special provisions for the residents of border areas to cross the border ( local border traffic). China In China, during the Chinese Civil War, many of the areas controlled by the Chinese Communist Party were called "Border Areas" (), because they were in remote districts on the borders of two or more provinces. They are also known by the names of "Border Regions" and "Liberated Areas" in English. Examples include the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region and the neighbouring Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region in northern China. European Union In Germany, within the framework of the European Union Customs Union, the border area () extends on the German part of the customs border of the Community to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steve Peers
Steve Peers is a British academic and an expert on the European Union. He is a professor in the Department of Law and Criminology at Royal Holloway, University of London. He is the author of ''EU Justice and Home Affairs Law'' and ''The Brexit: The Legal Framework for Withdrawal from the EU or Renegotiation of EU Membership''. Early life Steve Peers graduated from McMaster University, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in history in 1988. He earned an LL.B. from the Western Law School at the University of Western Ontario, an LL.M. in EU Law from the London School of Economics in 1993, and a Ph.D. from the University of Essex in 2001. Career Peers is a professor in the Department of Law and Criminology at Royal Holloway University of London. He also taught at the European Inter-University Centre for Human Rights and Democratisation in Venice, Italy in April 2016. Peers is the author of ''EU Justice and Home Affairs Law'', which was reviewed by Dr Colin Harvey of Queen' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Border Crossing Point
A border checkpoint is a location on an international border where travelers or goods Border control, are inspected and allowed (or denied) passage through. Authorization often is required to enter a country through its borders. Access-controlled borders often have a limited number of checkpoints where they can be crossed without legal sanctions. Arrangements or treaties may be formed to allow or mandate Freedom of movement, less restrained crossings (e.g. the Schengen Agreement). Land border checkpoints (land ports of entry) can be contrasted with the customs and immigration facilities at port, seaports, international airports, and other port of entry, ports of entry. Checkpoints generally serve two purposes: * To prevent entrance of individuals who are either undesirable (e.g. criminals or others who pose threats) or simply unauthorized to enter. * To prevent entrance of goods that are illegal or subject to restriction, or to collect tariffs. Checkpoints are usually staffed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated population of over 449million as of 2024. The EU is often described as a ''sui generis'' political entity combining characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.5% of the world population in 2023, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around €17.935 trillion in 2024, accounting for approximately one sixth of global economic output. Its cornerstone, the European Union Customs Union, Customs Union, paved the way to establishing European Single Market, an internal single market based on standardised European Union law, legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist States
A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state in which the totality of the power belongs to a party adhering to some form of Marxism–Leninism, a branch of the communist ideology. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, the Comintern after its Bolshevisation, and the communist states within the Comecon, the Eastern Bloc, and the Warsaw Pact. After the peak of Marxism–Leninism, when many communist states were established, the Revolutions of 1989 brought down most of the communist states; however, Communism remained the official ideology of the ruling parties of China, Cuba, Laos, Vietnam, and to a lesser extent, North Korea. During the later part of the 20th century, before the Revolutions of 1989, around one-third of the world's population lived in communist states. Communist states are typically authoritarian and are typically administered through democratic centralism by a single centralised communist pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugoslavia
, common_name = Yugoslavia , life_span = 1918–19921941–1945: World War II in Yugoslavia#Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia, Axis occupation , p1 = Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia , flag_p1 = State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg , p2 = Kingdom of MontenegroMontenegro , flag_p2 = Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg , p3 = State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs , flag_p3 = Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg , p4 = Austria-Hungary , flag_p4 = Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg , p7 = Free State of FiumeFiume , flag_p7 = Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg , s1 = Croatia , flag_s1 = Flag of Croatia (1990).svg , s2 = Slovenia , flag_s2 = Flag of Slovenia.svg , s3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istria
Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; ; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian: ; ; ) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy,Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer''History of the literary cultures of East-Central Europe: junctures and disjunctures in the 19th And 20th Centuries'' John Benjamins Publishing Co. (2006), Alan John Day, Roger East, Richard Thomas''A political and economic dictionary of Eastern Europe'' Routledge, 1sr ed. (2002), 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County. Geography The geographical features of Istria include the Učka/Monte Maggiore mountain range, which is the highest portion of the Ćićarija/Cicceria mountain range; the rivers Dragonja/Dragogna, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thousand-mark Ban
The thousand-mark ban was an economic sanction imposed on Austria by the German Reich government on May 29, 1933, which came into effect on July 1, 1933. Henceforth, German citizens had to pay a fee of (equivalent to € in 2017) to the German Reich before any travel to or through Austria, except for small border traffic. The payment of the fee was noted in the passport and was therefore easy to check. Likewise, because of the widespread visa requirement in Europe upon re-entry, a clandestine entry into Austria via detours could be recognized immediately. The aim was to weaken the Austrian economy, which was already heavily dependent on tourism at that time. The ban was lifted after the . History Causes & consequences The ban was intended to bring about the overthrow of Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, who by then was already acting in a dictatorial manner. The pretended trigger was the expulsion of the Bavarian Minister of Justice Hans Frank from Austria. Frank was one of the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borders
A border is a geographical boundary. Border, borders, The Border or The Borders may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Film and television * ''Border'' (1997 film), an Indian Hindi-language war film * ''Border'' (2018 Swedish film), a fantasy film * ''Border'' (2018 Bhojpuri film), an Indian Bhojpuri-language war film * ''The Border'' (1982 film), an American drama * ''The Border'' (1996 film), an Italian war drama * ''The Border'' (2007 film), a Finnish-Russian war drama * ''The Border'' (2009 film), a Slovak documentary * ''The Border'' (2008 TV series) a 2008–2010 Canadian drama series * ''The Border'' (2014 TV series), a 2014–2020 Polish crime series Literature * "The Border", a 2004 short story by Richard Harland * "The Border", a 2019 novel by Don Winslow Music * "Border" (song), by Years & Years, 2015 * "Borders" (Feeder song), 2012 * "Borders" (M.I.A. song), 2015 * "Borders" (The Sunshine Underground song), 2007 * ''The Border'', soundtrack ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
