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Shared-nothing
A shared-nothing architecture (SN) is a distributed computing architecture in which each update request is satisfied by a single node (processor/memory/storage unit) in a computer cluster. The intent is to eliminate contention among nodes. Nodes do not share (independently access) the same memory or storage. One alternative architecture is shared everything, in which requests are satisfied by arbitrary combinations of nodes. This may introduce contention, as multiple nodes may seek to update the same data at the same time. It also contrasts with shared-disk and shared-memory architectures. SN eliminates single points of failure, allowing the overall system to continue operating despite failures in individual nodes and allowing individual nodes to upgrade hardware or software without a system-wide shutdown. A SN system can scale simply by adding nodes, since no central resource bottlenecks the system. In databases, a term for the part of a database on a single node is a '' sha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shared-disk Architecture
A shared-disk architecture (SD) is a distributed computing architecture Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and construction, constructi ... in which the nodes share same disk devices but each node has its own private memory. The disks have active nodes which all share memory in case of any failures. In this architecture, the disks are accessible from all the cluster nodes. This architecture has quick adaptability to the changing workloads. It uses robust optimization techniques. Multiple processors can access all disks directly via intercommunication network and every processor has local memory. It contrasts with shared-nothing architecture, in which all nodes have sole access to distinct disks, and with shared-memory, in which they also share memory. Shared-disk has two advantages over Shared-mem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oracle RAC
In database computing, Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) — an option for the Oracle Database software produced by Oracle Corporation and introduced in 2001 with Oracle9i — provides software for clustering and high availability in Oracle database environments. Oracle Corporation includes RAC with the Enterprise Edition, provided the nodes are clustered using Oracle Clusterware. Functionality Oracle RAC allows multiple computers to run Oracle RDBMS software simultaneously while accessing a single database, thus providing clustering. In a non-RAC Oracle database, a single instance accesses a single database. The ''database'' consists of a collection of data files, control files, and redo logs located on disk. The ''instance'' comprises the collection of Oracle-related memory and background processes that run on a computer system. In an Oracle RAC environment, 2 or more instances concurrently access a single database. This allows an application or user to connect to e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shared-memory Architecture
A shared-memory architecture (SM) is a distributed computing Software architecture, architecture in which the nodes share the same memory as well as the same storage.{{Cite web , title=Memory: Shared vs Distributed - UFRC , url=https://help.rc.ufl.edu/doc/Memory:_Shared_vs_Distributed , access-date=2024-03-13 , website=help.rc.ufl.edu It contrasts with shared-nothing architecture, in which each node has distinct memory and storage, and with shared-disk architecture, in which the nodes share the same storage but not the same memory. This is distinct from the use of shared memory between different programs or threads on a single node, with or without multiprocessing. See also * Distributed database * Shared memory References Distributed computing architecture External links *The Case for Shared Nothing. ''www.linkedin.com''. * Garrod, Charlie (2023).Lecture #21: Introduction to Distributed Databases (PDF). ''Carnegie Mellon University - School of Computer Science''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shard (database Architecture)
A database shard, or simply a shard, is a horizontal partition of data in a database or search engine. Each shard may be held on a separate database server instance, to spread load. Some data in a database remains present in all shards, but some appears only in a single shard. Each shard acts as the single source for this subset of data. Database architecture Horizontal partitioning is a database design principle whereby '' rows'' of a database table are held separately, rather than being split into columns (which is what normalization and vertical partitioning do, to differing extents). Each partition forms part of a shard, which may in turn be located on a separate database server or physical location. There are numerous advantages to the horizontal partitioning of data. Since tables are divided and distributed into multiple servers, the total number of rows in each table in each database is reduced. This reduces index size, which generally improves search performance. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NonStop (server Computers)
NonStop is a series of server computers introduced to market in 1976 by Tandem Computers Inc., beginning with the NonStop product line. It was followed by the Tandem Integrity NonStop line of lock-step fault-tolerant computers, now defunct (not to be confused with the later and much different Hewlett-Packard Integrity product line extension). The original NonStop product line is currently offered by Hewlett Packard Enterprise since Hewlett-Packard Company's split in 2015. Because NonStop systems are based on an integrated hardware/software stack, Tandem and later HPE also developed the NonStop OS operating system for them. NonStop systems are, to an extent, self-healing. To circumvent single points of failure, they are equipped with almost all redundant components. When a mainline component fails, the system automatically falls back to the backup. These systems can be used by banks, stock exchanges, payment applications, retail companies, energy and utility services, healt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Stonebraker
Michael Ralph Stonebraker (born October 11, 1943) is an American computer scientist specializing in database, database systems. Through a series of academic prototypes and commercial startups, Stonebraker's research and products are central to many relational databases. He is also the founder of many database companies, including Actian, Ingres Corporation, Illustra, Paradigm4, StreamBase Systems, Tamr, Vertica, VoltDB and Hopara, and served as chief technical officer of Informix Corporation, Informix. For his contributions to database research, Stonebraker received the 2014 Turing Award, often described as "the Nobel Prize for computing." Stonebraker's career can be broadly divided into two phases: his time at University of California, Berkeley when he focused on relational database management systems such as Ingres (database), Ingres and Postgres, and, starting in 2001, at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where he developed more novel data management techniques such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MySQL Cluster
MySQL Cluster , also known as MySQL Ndb Cluster is a technology providing shared-nothing clustering and auto-sharding for the MySQL database management system. It is designed to provide high availability and high throughput with low latency, while allowing for near linear scalability. MySQL Cluster is implemented through the NDB or NDBCLUSTER storage engine for MySQL ("NDB" stands for Network Database). Architecture MySQL Cluster is designed around a distributed, multi-master ACID compliant architecture with no single point of failure. MySQL Cluster uses automatic sharding (partitioning) to scale out read and write operations on commodity hardware and can be accessed via SQL and Non-SQL (NoSQL) APIs. Replication Internally MySQL Cluster uses synchronous replication through a two-phase commit mechanism in order to guarantee that data is written to multiple nodes upon committing the data. Two copies (known as ''replicas'') of the data are required to guarantee availability. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tandem Computers
Tandem Computers, Inc. was the dominant manufacturer of fault-tolerant computer systems for Automated teller machine, ATM networks, banks, stock exchanges, telephone switching centers, 911 systems, and other similar commercial transaction processing applications requiring maximum uptime and no data loss. The company was founded by Jimmy Treybig in 1974 in Cupertino, California. It remained independent until 1997, when it became a server division within Compaq. It is now a server division within Hewlett Packard Enterprise, following Hewlett-Packard's acquisition of Compaq and the split of Hewlett-Packard into HP Inc. and Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Tandem's NonStop (server computers), NonStop systems use a number of independent identical processors, redundant storage devices, and redundant controllers to provide automatic high-speed "failover" in the case of a hardware or software failure. To contain the scope of failures and of corrupted data, these multi-computer systems have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
InfiniDB
InfiniDB (formerly Calpont Corporation) was a database management software company based in Frisco, Texas. The company developed InfiniDB, a scalable, software-only columnar database management system for analytic applications. InfiniDB is a scalable database built for big data analytics, business intelligence, data warehousing and other read-intensive applications. InfiniDB's column-store architecture enables very quick load and query times. Its massive parallel processing (MPP) technology scales with any type of storage hardware. In 2014, The company raised $7.5 million in a new round of funding led by McDonnell Ventures. Columnar databases By storing and managing data based on columns rather than rows, column-oriented architecture overcomes query limitations that exist in traditional row-based RDBMS. Only the necessary columns in a query are accessed, reducing I/O activities by skipping unneeded columns. InfiniDB is accessed through a MySQL interface. It then paralleli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Openstack
OpenStack is a free, open standard cloud computing platform. It is mostly deployed as infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) in both public and private clouds where virtual servers and other resources are made available to users. The software platform consists of interrelated components that control diverse, multi-vendor hardware pools of processing, storage, and networking resources throughout a data center. Users manage it either through a web-based dashboard, through command-line tools, or through RESTful web services. OpenStack began in 2010 as a joint project of Rackspace Hosting and NASA. , it was managed by the OpenStack Foundation, a non-profit corporate entity established in September 2012 to promote OpenStack software and its community. By 2018, more than 500 companies had joined the project. In 2020 the foundation announced it would be renamed the Open Infrastructure Foundation in 2021. History In July 2010, Rackspace Hosting and NASA announced an open-source ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
