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Seny
(; from Proto-Germanic ) is a form of ancestral Catalan wisdom or sensibleness. It involves well-pondered perception of situations, level-headedness, awareness, integrity, and right action: "a kind of refined good sense and self-realisation." The opposite of is known as (), "impetuosity or capriciousness". Cultural significance Many Catalans consider as something unique to their culture, a true Catalan symbol. , as a distinctive feature of Catalan society, is grounded in a set of ancestral local customs that reflect the value system and social norms of traditional rural Catalonia. The values of were transmitted from generation to generation without much change by the exemplary behaviour of the elder members of the family, as well as in the form of aphorisms and moral stories. The latter were largely based on Christian values, and their examples and illustrations often included animals and plants that were common in rural Catalonia. This oral lore caught the attention of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalonia
Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situated on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to the south of the Pyrenees mountain range. Catalonia is administratively divided into four Provinces of Spain, provinces or eight Vegueries of Catalonia, ''vegueries'' (regions), which are in turn divided into 43 Comarques of Catalonia, ''comarques''. The capital and largest city, Barcelona, is the second-most populous Municipalities in Spain, municipality in Spain and the fifth-most populous List of metropolitan areas in Europe, urban area in the European Union. > > > ''Catalonia'' theoretically derived. During the Middle Ages, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine chroniclers claimed that ''Catalania'' derives from the local medley of Goths with Alans, initially constituting a ''Goth-Alania''. Othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalan Symbols
The national symbols of Catalonia are objects, icons or cultural expressions that are emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of Catalonia or Catalan culture. The oldest Catalan symbol is the coat of arms of Catalonia, which was the royal arms of the Crown of Aragon, though a number of theories trace its origin to even older times. It is one of the oldest coats of arms in Europe." Léon Jéquier. Actes du II Colloque international d'héraldique". Breassone.1981. Académie internationale d'héraldique. Les Origines des armoiries. Paris. .Paul Adam Even."L'heraldique catalane au moyen age" in Hidalguia, 22, Mayo-Junio 1957. Madrid. p465.Martí de Riquer. "Heràldica catalana: des l'any 1150 al 1550". Quaderns Crema.1982. Michel Pastoureau. L'origine des armoiries de la Catalogne" in II Simposi numismàtic de Barcelona. 1980.E.Cymys SCEN Owing to a common history and shared experiences, some of the traditional Catalan symbols overlap with those of Aragon, Valencia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joan Junceda
Joan Junceda, full name Joan García Junceda i Supervia (13 February 1881 in Barcelona – 10 September 1948 in Blanes, Selva), was one of the most important Catalan artists and illustrators in the first half of the 20th century. His father was from Asturian origin. Junceda worked in many publications, including '' ¡Cu-Cut!'', '' Papitu'', '' Picarol'' and '' En Patufet''. Biography After not being able to pass the tests in order to join the Spanish Army, Joan Junceda taught himself drawing while working at the offices of the ''El Siglo'' shopping center in Barcelona. There he became part of the team that was illustrating the shop's catalogues. He published his first drawing in '' ¡Cu-Cut!'' on Christmas Eve 1902 under the pseudonym Ribera. Junceda illustrated the ''"Historietes Exemplars"'' series, a collection of stories with a moral lesson compiled by Josep Maria Folch i Torres, which were published for the first time in ''" L'Esquitx"'' magazine. His most well-known wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josep Torras I Bages
Josep Torras i Bages (), born at Les Cabanyes, Alt Penedès, on 12 September 1846, died at Vic, Osona, on 7 February 1916, was a Catalan thinker, writer, and bishop. He was one of the main figures in the turn of the 20th century Catholic Catalan nationalism. Biography Torras and the Catalan traditions Josep Torras strongly criticized the secularism displayed by the "militant nationalism" of Enric Prat de la Riba (1870–1917). In 1892 he wrote ''La tradició catalana'', where he emphasized Conservative Nationalism and warned against the erosion of Christian values. Exalting rural life, the family, religion, and the love of Catalan language, the land and the language took an almost mystical dimension in his point of view. He was convinced that the Catalan nation had to be Christian in order to establish itself as something enduring and meaningful in the future. His words ''"Catalunya serà cristiana o no serà"'' (Catalonia will be Christian or will not be) are engraved at the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josep Abril I Virgili
Josep Abril i Virgili (1869-1918) was a self-taught Catalan poet and playwright. He specialized in the production of works with easily understood and popular moral lessons, which were publicised through Roman Catholic organizations. Publications Abril i Virgili collaborated in the production of several publications such as ''La Barretina'', ''La Creu de Montseny'' (The Cross of Montseny), ''Lo Pensament Català'' (Catalan Thought), '' Cu-Cut!'' and ''Bon Seny'' (Good Sense), among others. ''Bon Seny'' was a book on ancestral Catalan wisdom (the famous ''seny''), encouraged by Josep Torras i Bages, the respected Catalan writer and bishop of Vic. Illustrated by Joan Junceda (1881-1948), it contains aphorisms, fables and local humorous sayings (acudits) based on traditional Christian principles. First published in Catalan before the Spanish Civil War, a limited edition was reprinted in 1959. It became a rare collector's item during General Franco's dictatorship when publications i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaziel
Agustí Calvet Pascual (; Sant Feliu de Guíxols; October 7, 1887 – Barcelona; April 12, 1964), known as Gaziel (), was a Spanish journalist, writer and publisher. Life and works Before the Spanish Civil War He studied humanities in Barcelona and in Madrid, where he earned his doctorate. His doctoral thesis was on Anselm Turmeda, and was published in 1914 as ''Fray Anselmo de Turmeda. Heterodoxo español 1352-1423-32?''. He then went to Paris to further his studies and, at the outbreak of the First World War, he acted as war correspondent for ''La Vanguardia'', the most influential newspaper in Barcelona, with such a success that very shortly most of his articles were brought together and published in four successive books: ''Diario de un estudiante en París (Diary of a student in Paris)'' (1916), ''Narraciones de tierras heroicas (Tales of heroic lands)'' (1916), ''De París a Monastir (From Paris to Monastir)'' (1917) and ''En las líneas de fuego (In the fire lines)'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ausiàs March
Ausiàs March (; 1400March 3, 1459) was a medieval Valencian poet and knight from Gandia, Valencia. He is considered one of the most important poets of the "Golden Century" (''Segle d'or'') of Catalan literature. Biography Not much is known of March's life. He was born in approximately 1400 to a Valencian noble family. His father, Pere March, was himself a poet and served at the court of the younger brother of King Alfonso IV, Peter. His uncle, Jaume March II, was also a poet. March was one of the two children of Pere's second wife, Lionor of Ripoll; he had a younger sister, Peirona. In 1413, the still-young March became head of his family—part of the Valencian petty nobility—upon the death of his father. From a very young age he took part in the expeditions that King Alfons el Magnànim carried out in the Mediterranean. After returning from these expeditions in 1427, he settled in Gandia. After his return, he would never again leave the region where he was born. March was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sisu
is a Finnish word variously translated as stoic determination, tenacity of purpose, grit, bravery, resilience, and hardiness. It is held by Finns to express their national character. It is generally considered not to have a single-word literal equivalent in English (tenacity, grit, resilience, and hardiness are much the same things, but do not necessarily imply stoicism or bravery). In recent years, sociologists and psychologists have conducted research on , attempting to quantify it and identify its effects, beneficial and harmful, in both individuals and populations. Meaning is extraordinary determination in the face of extreme adversity, and courage that is presented typically in situations where success is unlikely. It expresses itself in taking action against the odds, and displaying courage and resoluteness in the face of adversity; in other words, deciding on a course of action, and then adhering to it even if repeated failures ensue. It is in some ways simila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virtue
A virtue () is a trait of excellence, including traits that may be morality, moral, social, or intellectual. The cultivation and refinement of virtue is held to be the "good of humanity" and thus is Value (ethics), valued as an Telos, end purpose of life or a foundational principle of being. In human practical ethics, a virtue is a disposition to choose actions that succeed in showing high moral standards: doing what is said to be right and avoiding what is wrong in a given field of endeavour, even when doing so may be unnecessary from a utilitarianism, utilitarian perspective. When someone takes pleasure in doing what is right, even when it is difficult or initially unpleasant, they can establish virtue as a habit. Such a person is said to be virtuous through having cultivated such a disposition. The opposite of virtue is vice. Other examples of this notion include the concept of Merit (Buddhism), merit in Asian traditions as well as (Chinese language, Chinese ). Etymology The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concepts In Ethics
A concept is an abstract idea that serves as a foundation for more concrete principles, thoughts, and beliefs. Concepts play an important role in all aspects of cognition. As such, concepts are studied within such disciplines as linguistics, psychology, and philosophy, and these disciplines are interested in the logical and psychological structure of concepts, and how they are put together to form thoughts and sentences. The study of concepts has served as an important flagship of an emerging interdisciplinary approach, cognitive science. In contemporary philosophy, three understandings of a concept prevail: * mental representations, such that a concept is an entity that exists in the mind (a mental object) * abilities peculiar to cognitive agents (mental states) * Fregean senses, abstract objects rather than a mental object or a mental state Concepts are classified into a hierarchy, higher levels of which are termed "superordinate" and lower levels termed "subordinate". Additi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerverí De Girona
Cerverí de Girona (; fl. 1259 – 1285) was a Catalan troubadour born Guillem de Cervera in Girona. He was the most prolific troubadour, leaving behind some 114 lyric poems among other works, including an ''ensenhamen'' of proverbs for his son, totaling about 130. He was a court poet to James the Conqueror and Peter the Great. He wrote '' pastorelas'' and '' sirventes'' and his overriding concern was the complexities of court life. None of his music survives. Cerverí spent some time under the patronage and at the court of Hugh IV and Henry II of Rodez. He was in Spain in 1269, for he is found that year in the entourage of the then-''infante'' Peter the Great. With fellow troubadours Folquet de Lunel and Dalfinet he accompanied Peter to Toledo. On 26 April at Riello, near Cuenca, he received one '' solidus'' for his services. Cerverí's ' ("Verse in six languages") copied the metre of either Folquet's ' or Sordel's '. Cerverí wrote ', a '' planh'', on 26 August 127 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
