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Sekihairitsu
is a method used in the proportional representation (PR) constituencies ("blocks") for the Japanese House of Representatives to determine the order of candidates placed on the same list position by their party. Under the PR system introduced in the 1996 general election for 176 (initially 200) of the House of Representatives' 465 (initially 500) seats, political parties are free to nominate candidates running or not running concurrently in one of the 289 single-member first-past-the-post electoral districts. The parties may rank the PR list candidates they nominate in a regional "block" in any order they decide. However, they are allowed to (but don't have to) place some or all of the PR candidates concurrently running in a single-member district on the same position on their PR list. In that case, the ''sekihairitsu'' is used to determine the order of candidates. It is calculated by dividing the number of votes a candidate received in his electoral district by the district winner' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (Political party, political parties) among voters. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast contribute to the result so that each representative in an assembly is mandated by a roughly equal number of voters, and therefore all votes have equal weight. Under other election systems, a bare Plurality (voting), plurality or a scant majority in a district are all that are used to elect a member or group of members. PR systems provide balanced representation to different factions, usually defined by parties, reflecting how votes were cast. Where only a choice of parties is allowed, the seats are allocated to parties in proportion to the vote tally or ''vote share'' each party receives. Exact proportionality is never achieved under PR systems, except by chance. The use of elector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yamagata 1st District
Yamagata 1st district (山形県第1区, ''Yamagata-ken dai-ikku'' or simply 山形県第1区, ''Yamagata-ikku'') is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It is located in Eastern Yamagata and covers the cities of Yamagata, Kaminoyama and Tendō and the county of Higashimurayama. As of 2012, 306,446 eligible voters were registered in the district. Since its creation until 2012, the district was mainly contested by Democrat Michihiko Kano was a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan who served as the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan), Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries twice. He lost his seat in the 16 December 2012 2012 Japanese ... (formerly Hata group, leading his own faction from August 2011,Jiji Press, August 31, 2011Kano group founding members/ref> until the 1990s: LDP, Fukuda faction), agriculture minister in the realigned Kan cabinet, and Liberal Democrat Toshiaki Endō (K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōgakukan
is a Japanese publisher of comics, magazines, light novels, dictionaries, literature, non-fiction, home media, and other media in Japan. Shogakukan founded Shueisha, which also founded Hakusensha. These are three separate companies, but are together called the Hitotsubashi Group, one of the largest publishing groups in Japan and the world. Shogakukan is headquartered in the Shogakukan Building in Hitotsubashi, part of Kanda, Chiyoda, Tokyo, near the Jimbocho book district. The corporation also has the other two companies located in the same ward. International operations In the United States Shogakukan, along with Shueisha, owns Viz Media, which publishes manga from both companies in the United States. Shogakukan's licensing arm in North America was ShoPro Entertainment; it was merged into Viz Media in 2005. Shogakukan's production arm is Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions (previously Shogakukan Productions Co., Ltd.) In March 2010 it was announced that Shogakukan would p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daijisen
The is a general-purpose Japanese dictionary published by Shogakukan in 1995 and 1998. It was designed as an "all-in-one" dictionary for native speakers of Japanese, especially high school and university students. History Shogakukan intended for the to directly compete with Iwanami's popular desktop dictionary, which was a bestseller through three editions (1955, 1969 and 1983). The followed upon the success of two other competitors, Sanseido's ("Great forest of words", 1988, 1995, 2006) and Kōdansha's color-illustrated ("Great dictionary of Japanese", 1989, 1995). All of these dictionaries weigh around and have about 3000 pages. The 1st edition of the (1995) included over 220,000 entries and 6000 all-color illustrations and photographs. The chief editor was also chief editor of the directly competing dictionary. Other editors included , , and . Shogakukan also released a CD-ROM version (1997) of the 1st edition. The "enlarged and revised" edition (1998) was more o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg ( ; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a states of Germany, German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants across a total area of nearly , it is the third-largest German state by both List of German states by area, area (behind Bavaria and Lower Saxony) and List of German states by population, population (behind North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria). The List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, largest city in Baden-Württemberg is the state capital of Stuttgart, followed by Mannheim and Karlsruhe. Other major cities are Freiburg im Breisgau, Heidelberg, Heilbronn, Konstanz, Pforzheim, Reutlingen, Tübingen, and Ulm. Modern Baden-Württemberg includes the historical territories of Baden, Prussian Province of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern, and Württemberg. Baden-Württemberg became a state of West Germany in April 1952 through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zweitmandat
The ''Zweitmandat'' () was a feature in the variation of mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) used to elect the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg. Until 2022, Baden-Württemberg's system did not use party lists in contrast to most variations of MMP, such as the German federal electoral system. Instead, proportional seats were filled by losing candidates who won the highest proportion of votes. Mechanism Unlike most other state electoral systems, voters only had one vote, which counted toward both the candidate's individual vote and their party's overall vote. The latter was used to determine the overall distribution of seats between parties in the Landtag, while the former was used to determine which candidates will fill the seats. The standard size of the Landtag is 120 seats, of which 70 are single-member constituencies and 50 are proportional seats. As in most MMP systems, the candidate winning a plurality in each single-member constituency is declared elected. Candidat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akita 3rd District
Akita 3rd district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. History The district was created after the 1994 electoral reform. Initially, the seat was given to Kanzo Muraoka, who had previously served as Chief Cabinet Secretary, while Hidefumi Minorikawa was elected proportionally, as a deal to let both hold seats in the House of Representatives. However, after Hidefumi died in 2003, the deal dissolved. His son, Nobuhide Minorikawa, challenged Muraoka as an independent. Nobuhide managed to defeat Muraoka in the 2003 election, securing the seat. Muraoka was indicted in the , so did not run in the 2005 election. Instead, his second son, Toshihide Muraoka, ran instead. He lost to Minorikawa again. They held a rematch in 2009, but this time were upstaged by DPJ-ite Kimiko Kyono, leaving both of the others without seats. By 2012, Kyono had joined the TPJ, as DPJ and other splinter candidates struggled across the country. Both Toshihide and Minorika ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobuhide Minorikawa
is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), serving as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Ōmagari, Akita, he attended Keio University and received a master's degree from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Churc ... in the United States. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2003 as an independent and joined the LDP in the following year. References * External links Official websitein Japanese. 1964 births Living people Politicians from Akita Prefecture Keio University alumni School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) politicians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akita 2nd District
Akita 2nd district is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. It consists of the northern part of Akita Prefecture, including the cities of Katagami, Kazuno, Kitaakita, Noshiro, Ōdate, and Oga, and the districts of Kazuno, Kitaakita, Minamiakita, and Yamamoto. As of September 1, 2022, the district was home to 255,369 constituents. The district is represented by Takashi Midorikawa of the Constitutional Democratic Party The Constitutional Democratic Party (, K-D), also called Constitutional Democrats and formally the Party of People's Freedom (), was a political party in the Russian Empire that promoted Western constitutional monarchy—among other policies� .... List of representatives Election results References {{coord missing, Akita Pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katsutoshi Kaneda
is a Japanese politician who served as the Minister of Justice from 2016 to 2017. He studied at and graduated from Hitotsubashi University , formerly known as , is a national university, national research university in Tokyo, Japan. Often regarded as Japan’s foremost institution for the study of the social sciences, particularly commerce, economics, law, political science, sociolog .... ''Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet'', February 4, 2017. References 1949 births Hitotsubashi University alumni[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michihiko Kano
was a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan who served as the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan), Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries twice. He lost his seat in the 16 December 2012 2012 Japanese general election, general election. Kano was born in Yamagata (city), Yamagata. He graduated from Gakushuin University. After period of illness, Michihiko Kano died on 21 October 2021 in a hospital in Yamagata City; he was 79. Election history References 1942 births 2021 deaths Ministers of agriculture, forestry and fisheries of Japan Democratic Party of Japan politicians Politicians from Yamagata Prefecture Gakushuin University alumni People from Yamagata (city) Members of the House of Representatives (Japan) 2003–2005 Members of the House of Representatives (Japan) 2009–2012 {{Japan-politician-1940s-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toshiaki Endō
is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). Early life Endo is a native of Kaminoyama, Yamagata and graduate of Chuo University (where he played Rugby). Political career Endo was elected to the assembly of Yamagata Prefecture in 1983, serving there for one term. In 1993 he was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time as an independent after an unsuccessful run in 1990. He headed an overhaul of Japan's English language education. In 2015 he was appointed to oversee the 2020 Summer Olympics preparations on behalf of the Japanese government. Donation scandal In February 2016 it emerged that he had received ¥9.5 million over five years in donations from the head of an unnamed Tokyo-based teacher dispatch company as the company was trying to boost the use of Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs) across Japan. It was alleged that due to the donations Endo lobbied for grea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
