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Second Kamchatka Expedition
The Great Northern Expedition () or Second Kamchatka Expedition () was a major Russian Arctic expedition between roughly 1733 and 1743, which mapped most of the Arctic coast of Siberia and much of the Arctic coast of North America, greatly reducing "white areas" on maps. It was conceived by Russian emperor Peter the Great, and took place under empresses Anna of Russia, Anna and Elizabeth of Russia, Elizabeth. Peter hoped for the 18th-century Russian Navy to map a Northern Sea Route from Europe to the Pacific. The endeavour was sponsored by the Admiralty College in Saint Petersburg. The main organiser and leader of the expedition was Vitus Bering, who had been commissioned by Peter to lead the earlier First Kamchatka Expedition (1725 to 1731). With over 3,000 people directly or indirectly involved, it was one of the largest expeditions in history. The expedition's primary objective was reaching the eastern reaches of Siberia, and from there the western shores of North America. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jefferys - The Russian Discoveries
Jefferys is a surname. Notable people with the name include: * Charles Jefferys (1807–1865), English music publisher and composer * Charles William Jefferys (1869–1951), Canadian historical illustrator * Eddie Jefferys (fl. 2010s), English music producer * Edward Jefferys (1936–1998), South African sprinter * John Jefferys (fl. mid-18th century), British game designer * John Jefferys (clockmaker) (1701–1754), English horologist * Margot Jefferys (1916–1999), British medical sociologist * Steve Jefferys, Australian horse trainer, appeared in the 2000 Sydney Olympics Opening Ceremony * Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719–1771), English cartographer * William H. Jefferys (born 1940), American astronomer See also * Jefferys Allen (1760–1844), British politician, MP for Bridgwater * Jefferies {{surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuril Islands
The Kuril Islands or Kurile Islands are a volcanic archipelago administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast in the Russian Far East. The islands stretch approximately northeast from Hokkaido in Japan to Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the north Pacific Ocean. There are 56 islands and many minor islets. The Kuril Islands consist of the Greater Kuril Chain and, at the southwest end, the parallel Lesser Kuril Chain. The group termed the 'South Kurils' consists of those of the Lesser Kuril Chain together with Kunashir and Iturup in the Greater Kuril Chain. The Vries Strait between Iturup and Urup forms the Miyabe Line dividing the North and South Kurils. The Kuril Islands cover an area of around , with a population of roughly 20,000. The islands have been under Russian administration since their Invasion of the Kuril Islands, 1945 invasion by the Soviet Union near the end of World War II. Japan claims the four southernmost islands, including two of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamchatka River
The Kamchatka () is the longest river in Kamchatka peninsula, located in Kamchatka Krai in the Russian Far East. It flows into the Pacific Ocean at the town Ust-Kamchatsk, on the east coast of Kamchatka. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . The river is rich with salmon, millions of which spawn yearly and which once supported the settlements of the native Itelmen. from th in 1997. Climate Like most of its namesake peninsula, the basin of the Kamchatka River has at low altitudes a ( |
Fyodor Luzhin
Fyodor Fyodorovich Luzhin (Russian: ''Федор Федорович Лужин'') (died 1727) was a Russian geodesist and cartographer. Fyodor Luzhin was first a student at the School for Mathematical and Navigational Sciences in Moscow and then in a geodesic class of the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg (until 1718). In 1719–1721, Luzhin took part in drawing a map of Kamchatka and Kuril Islands together with Ivan Yevreinov. In 1723–1724, he made surveys of different parts of East Siberia. In 1725–1727, Luzhin participated in the First Kamchatka Expedition led by Vitus Bering. Honors Luzhin Bay in Magadan Oblast, and Luzhin Strait which separates Antsiferov Island from the Paramushir Paramushir (, , ) is a volcanic island in the northern portion of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It is separated from Shumshu by the very narrow Second Kuril Strait in the northeast , from Antsifer ... coast are both named after him. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Yevreinov
Ivan Mikhaylovich Yevreinov (; 1694 – 3 February O.S. 1724) was a Russian geodesist and explorer. Ivan Yevreinov was born in Poland, then brought to Russia and baptized into Orthodox Christianity. Ivan Yevreinov was first a student at the Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation (from 1714) and then in a geodesic class of the ''Naval Academy'' in St. Petersburg. In 1719, Ivan Yevreinov was sent to Kamchatka and Kuril Islands by the order of Peter the Great to secretly perform cartography together with Fyodor Luzhin and find if America and Asia are joined. In 1720, he reached Okhotsk by land (through Siberia), then on a small ship ''Vostok'' he reached Kamchatka, then by land traveled to Nizhnekamchatsk (and was the first to measure geographical coordinates of this place). He returned to the ship, mapped the shores of Kamchatka, then sailed to the south along Kuril Islands (was first to map sixteen of Kuril Islands) down to Hokkaidō. On the Kuril Islands they collec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New World
The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas, and sometimes Oceania."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 33: "[16c: from the feminine of ''Americus'', the Latinized first name of the explorer Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512). The name ''America'' first appeared on a map in 1507 by the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller, referring to the area now called Brazil]. Since the 16th century, the term "New World" has been used to describe the Western Hemisphere, often referred to as the Americas. Since the 18th century, it has come to represent the United States, which was initially colonial British America until it established independence following the American Revolutionary War. The second sense is now primary in English: ... However, the term is open to uncertainties: ..." The term arose in the early 16th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bad Pyrmont
Bad Pyrmont (, also: ; West Low German: ) is a town in the district of Hamelin-Pyrmont, in Lower Saxony, Germany, with a population close to 19,000. It is located on the river Emmer (Weser), Emmer, about west of the Weser. Bad Pyrmont is a popular destination spa, spa resort that gained its reputation as a fashionable place for princely vacations in the 17th and 18th centuries. The town is also the center of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Germany. History Formerly called Pyrmont, it was the seat of a small county during much of the Middle Ages. The county gained its independence from the in 1194. Independence was maintained until the extinction of the comital line in 1494, when the county was inherited by the . In 1557, the county was inherited by County of Lippe, Lippe, then by the County of Gleichen in 1583. In 1625, the county became part of the much larger County of Waldeck (state), Waldeck through inheritance. In 1668, the (Imperial Chamber Court) ruled aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (or Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who is credited, alongside Sir Isaac Newton, with the creation of calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic and statistics. Leibniz has been called the "last universal genius" due to his vast expertise across fields, which became a rarity after his lifetime with the coming of the Industrial Revolution and the spread of specialized labor. He is a prominent figure in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics. He wrote works on philosophy, theology, ethics, politics, law, history, philology, games, music, and other studies. Leibniz also made major contributions to physics and technology, and anticipated notions that surfaced much later in probability theory, biology, medicine, geology, psychology, linguistics and computer science. Leibniz contributed to the field ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukase
In Imperial Russia, a ukase () or ukaz ( ) was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religious leadership (e.g., Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' or the Most Holy Synod) that had the force of law. " Edict" and " decree" are adequate translations using the terminology and concepts of Roman law. From the Russian term, the word ''ukase'' has entered the English language with the meaning of "any proclamation or decree; an order or regulation of a final or arbitrary nature". History Prior to the 1917 October Revolution The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Historiography in the Soviet Union, Soviet historiography), October coup, Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was the second of Russian Revolution, two r ..., the term applied in Russia to an edict or ordinance, legislative or administrative, having the force of law. A ukase proceeded either from the emperor or from the senate, which had the power of issuing such ordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt
Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt (; September 16, 1685 – March 25, 1735) was an ethnic German physician, naturalist and geographer who lived in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and later in the Russian Empire. He was among the first to conduct a scientific exploration of Siberia, which led to the unearthing of the first fossil mammoth. Life and travels Messerschmidt was born in Danzig (then part of Royal Prussia in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) and studied medicine in Jena and Halle, where he obtained a doctorate degree on "... the brains as the predominant principle of all medical science" in 1713 and settled as a medical doctor in Danzig. He studied the natural history collections of Johann Philipp Breyne (1680–1764) and through Robert Erskine, superintendent of the Kunstkamera he was invited to St Petersburg. He arrived on April 9, 1718, and was introduced to the Russian emperor Peter the Great in 1716. By decree of November 5, 1718, Peter gave Messerschmidt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
