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Savoy Blue
Savoy blue () or Savoy azure (), also known as Italian blue (), is a shade of saturated blue between peacock blue and periwinkle, lighter than peacock blue. Since the middle ages, it is the colour of the House of Savoy, the royal dynasty of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946. Having become a National symbol of Italy with the Risorgimento (1859–70), its use continued even after the birth of the Italian Republic (1946) under the name ''Italian blue''. Currently, it's used in the Presidential Standard of Italy, the sashes for the Italian Armed Forces' officers and the presidents of the Provinces of Italy during the official ceremonies, and of the blue jersey for Italian national sports teams. Historical origin The origin of the colour seems to date back to 20 June 1366 when Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, before leaving for the Alexandrian Crusade to help his cousin, the Byzantine emperor John V Palaiologos, wanted that on the flagship of the fleet of 17 ships and 2,0 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shades Of Blue
Varieties of the color blue may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness), or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a blue or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these colors is shown below. Definitions of blue Blue (RGB) (X11 blue) The colour defined as blue in the RGB color model, X11 blue, is the most chromatic (colourful) blue that can be reproduced on a computer screen, and is the colour named blue in X11. It is one of the three primary colors used in the RGB colour space, along with red and green. The three additive primaries in the RGB colour system are the three colours of light chosen such as to provide the maximum gamut of colours that are capable of being represented on a computer or television set. This colour is also called color wheel blue. It is at 240 degrees on the HS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandrian Crusade
The brief Alexandrian Crusade, also called the sack of Alexandria, occurred in October 1365 and was led by Peter I of Cyprus against Alexandria in Egypt. The Crusade was sanctioned by Pope Urban V at the request of Peter I. Although often referred to as and counted among the Crusades, it was relatively devoid of religious impetus and differs from the more prominent Crusades in that it seems to have been motivated largely by economic interests. History Peter I spent three years, from 1362 to 1365, amassing an army and seeking financial support for a Crusade from the wealthiest courts of the day. In 1365, he received a Papal Bull sanctioning his campaign as a crusade from Pope Urban V. When he learned of a planned Egyptian attack against his Kingdom of Cyprus, he employed the same strategy of preemptive war that had been so successful against the Turks and redirected his military ambitions against Egypt. From Venice, he arranged for his naval fleet and ground forces to assemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Sardinian Army
The Royal Sardinian Army (also the Sardinian Army, the Royal Sardo-Piedmontese Army, the Savoyard Army, or the Piedmontese Army) was the army of the Duchy of Savoy and then of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was active from 1416 until it became the Royal Italian Army on 4 May 1861. Generally, the term "Savoyard Army" is used for the period when the rulers of Savoy held only the title of Duke, while "Sardinian Army" is preferred for the period after they obtained the title of King of Sardinia in 1720. History Origins The Savoyard Army was officially established in the 15th century when the Duchy of Savoy was created. During this period, the army of the Savoyard lands was concentrated at bases in Piedmont and the Aosta Valley, where it was maintained by the local feudal lords who in exchange for the command of some regiments, maintained them for state service and stationed them on the land in the meantime. It was Duke Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, Emmanuel Philibert who w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke Of Savoy
Emmanuel Philibert (; ; 8 July 1528 – 30 August 1580), known as (; "Ironhead", because of his military career), was Duke of Savoy and ruler of the Savoyard states from 17 August 1553 until his death in 1580. He is notably remembered for restoring the Savoyard state, which had been occupied by France since his youth, following his triumph at the Battle of St. Quentin in 1557, and for transferring the capital to Turin. Biography Early life Born in Chambéry, Emmanuel Philibert was the only child of Charles III, Duke of Savoy, and Beatrice of Portugal to reach adulthood. His mother was sister-in-law to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the future duke served in Charles's army during the war against Francis I of France, distinguishing himself by capturing Hesdin in July 1553. Reign A month later, his father died, and he became Duke of Savoy on the death of his father, but this was a nearly empty honour, as the vast majority of his hereditary lands had been occupied an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Cross For Military Valor
The War Cross for Military Valor () is an Italian order for military valor. Established in 1922, the cross may be awarded only in time of war. Appearance The medal is a Greek cross made of copper. Inscribed on the horizontal arms is ''Al Valore Militare'' (For Military Valor). On the top arm of the cross is the monogram of the Italian Republic. The bottom arm depicts a Roman sword sheathed in bay leaves. The back of the cross depicts a five-pointed star, with rays radiating from behind that star out to the arms of the cross. The cross is suspended from a solid blue ribbon. Notable recipients * Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta * Vernon Baker; Second Lieutenant, U.S. Army, MoH * Heinrich Bleichrodt; German Kriegsmarine * Gaetano Costa; Regia Aeronautica * Douglas Fairbanks Jr, U.S. Navy * Carlo Fecia di Cossato; Commander, Regia Marina * Hamilton H. Howze; General, U.S. Army * Edgar Erskine Hume; Major General, U.S. Army * Clayton P. Kerr; Major General, U.S. Army * Wol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medal Of Military Valor
The Medal of Military Valor (Italian language: ''Medaglia al valor militare'') is an Italian medal, originally established as a Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinian award. It is awarded to military personnel, units above the level of Company (military unit), company, and civilians for exceptional Courage, valor in the face of the enemy. The medal has three levels: * The Gold Medal of Military Valor, established on 21 May 1793 by King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia. * The Silver Medal of Military Valor, established on 21 May 1793 by King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia. * The Bronze Medal of Military Valor, established in 1887 by King Umberto I of Italy. * Below the medal, the War Cross of Military Valor is awarded, established in 1922 by King Victor Emmanuel III. Description All three levels have the same design: Obverse: Up to 1946, a wreath containing the arms of the House of Savoy surmounted by a Crown, surrounded by the inscription "AL VALORE MILITARE". Awards of the Republic of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Order Of Savoy
The Military Order of Savoy was a military honorary order of the Kingdom of Sardinia first, and of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946), Kingdom of Italy later. Following the abolition of the Italian monarchy, the order became the Military Order of Italy. History The origin of the Military Order of Savoy can be traced back to the Medal of Military Valor granted by Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia to his soldiers. Between 1789 and 1815 this medal went into disuse because of the Piedmontese Republic, Piedmontese and Subalpine Republics and the subsequent Napoleonic regime in Italy in Savoy and Piedmont. On 1 April 1815 the medal was bestowed again by Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia and on the 14th of August of the same year replaced by the Military Order of Savoy. This military order was to be granted to the soldiers who fought in the army of Napoleon and became part of the Legion of Honor or the Order of the Iron Crown due to military merit. It was also conferred to officers of the Roy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Chivalry
An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is a society, fellowship and college of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic military orders of the Crusades ( 1099–1291) and paired with medieval concepts of ideals of chivalry. Since the 15th century, orders of chivalry, often as dynastic orders, began to be established in a more courtly fashion than could be created '' ad hoc''. These orders would often retain the notion of being a confraternity, society or other association of members, but some of them were ultimately purely honorific and consisted of a medal decoration. In fact, these decorations themselves often came to be known informally as '' orders''. These institutions in turn gave rise to the modern-day orders of merit of sovereign states. Overview An order of knights is a community of knights composed by order rules with the main purpose of an ideal or charitable task. The original ideal lay i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Order Of The Most Holy Annunciation
The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation () is a Catholic order of chivalry, originating in County of Savoy, Savoy. It eventually was the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of Italy#The Kingdom of Italy, honours system in the Kingdom of Italy, which ceased to be a Order (honour), national order when the kingdom 1946 Italian institutional referendum, became a republic in 1946. Today, the order continues as a dynastic order of knighthood, dynastic order under the jurisdiction of the Head of the House of Savoy. History and statutes The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation originated in 1362, when Amadeus VI of Savoy, Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy (1343–1383) instituted the order's earliest designation, under the title of Order of the Collar.''Syr Gawayn and the Grene Knyzt-(Concluded)'', J. R. Hulbert, Modern Philology, Vol. 13, No. 12 (Apr., 1916), 140. The order was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, who is celebrated as "Our Lady of the Annunciation." ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veneration Of Mary In The Catholic Church
The veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church encompasses various Marian devotion, devotions which include prayer, pious acts, visual arts, poetry, and music devoted to her. Popes have encouraged it, while also taking steps to reform some manifestations of it.For example, on March 12, 1969, Pope Paul VI reduced and rearranged the number of Marian feast days in ''Sanctitas clarior''. Several of his predecessors did similarly. The Holy See has insisted on the importance of distinguishing "true from false devotion, and authentic doctrine from its deformations by excess or defect". There are significantly more titles, feasts, and venerative Marian practices among Catholic Church, Roman Catholics than in other Western Christian traditions. The term ''hyperdulia'' indicates the special veneration due to Mary, mother of Jesus, Mary, greater than the ordinary ''Dulia (Latin), dulia'' for other saints, but utterly unlike the ''latria'' due only to God. Belief in the Incarnation (Christia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luigi Cibrario
Luigi, Count Cibrario (23 February 1802 in Usseglio, Piedmont1 October 1870) was an Italian statesman and historian. Biography Born in Usseglio, in what is now the province of Turin, Cibrario was descended from a noble but impoverished Piedmontese family. He won a scholarship at the age of sixteen, and was teaching literature at eighteen. His verses to future king Charles Albert, then prince of Savoy-Carignano, on the birth of his son Victor Emmanuel, attracted the prince's attention and proved the beginning of a long intimacy. He entered the Sardinian civil service, and in 1824 was appointed lecturer on canon and civil law. His chief interest was the study of ancient documents, and he was sent to search the archives of Switzerland, France and Germany for charters relating to the history of Savoy. After the Bourbon Restoration in 1815 the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia reintroduced the teaching of history in the Italian primary school, which was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Venice
The Republic of Venice, officially the Most Serene Republic of Venice and traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and Maritime republics, maritime republic with its capital in Venice. Founded, according to tradition, in 697 by Paolo Lucio Anafesto, over the course of its History of the Republic of Venice, 1,100 years of history it established itself as one of the major European commercial and naval powers. Initially extended in the ''Dogado'' area (a territory currently comparable to the Metropolitan City of Venice), during its history it annexed a large part of Northeast Italy, Istria, Dalmatia, the coasts of present-day Montenegro and Albania as well as numerous islands in the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and eastern Ionian Sea, Ionian seas. At the height of its expansion, between the 13th and 16th centuries, it also governed Crete, Cyprus, the Peloponnese, a number of List of islands of Greece, Greek islands, as well as several cities and ports in the eastern Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
