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Sanguinarine
Sanguinarine is a polycyclic quaternary alkaloid. It is extracted from some plants, including the bloodroot plant, from whose scientific name, ''Sanguinaria canadensis,'' its name is derived; the Mexican prickly poppy (''Argemone mexicana''); ''Chelidonium majus;'' and ''Macleaya cordata.'' Toxicity Sanguinarine is a toxin that kills animal cells through its action on the Na+/K+-ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase transmembrane protein. Epidemic dropsy is a disease that results from ingesting sanguinarine. If applied to the skin, sanguinarine may cause a massive scab of dead flesh where it killed the cells where it was applied, called an ''eschar''. For this reason, sanguinarine is termed an escharotic. It is said to be 2.5 times more toxic than dihydrosanguinarine. Alternative medicine Native Americans once used sanguinarine in the form of bloodroot as a medical remedy, believing it had curative properties as an emetic, respiratory aid, and for a variety of ailments. In Colonial America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bloodroot
''Sanguinaria canadensis'', bloodroot, is a perennial, herbaceous flowering plant native to eastern North America. It is the only species in the genus ''Sanguinaria'', included in the poppy family Papaveraceae, and is most closely related to '' Eomecon'' of eastern Asia. ''Sanguinaria canadensis'' is sometimes known as Canada puccoon, bloodwort, redroot, red puccoon, and black paste. Plants are variable in leaf and flower shape, and have been separated as a different subspecies due to these variable shapes, indicating a highly variable species. In bloodroot, the sap is red and poisonous. Products made from sanguinaria extracts, such as black salve, are escharotic and can cause permanent disfiguring scarring. If applied to the skin, the extract sanguinarine may cause a massive scab of dead flesh where it killed the cells, called an ''eschar''. Although there are laboratory studies indicating that sanguinaria may have potential in cancer therapy, clinical studies are lackin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dihydrosanguinarine
Dihydrosanguinarine is an alkaloid found in the herbs '' Corydalis adunca'' and ''Lamprocapnos spectabilis''.Israilov I, Melikov F, Murav'eva D. Alkaloids of Dicentra. Chem Nat Compd 1984; 20:74–76. See also * Dihydrosanguinarine 10-monooxygenase * Epidemic dropsy * Sanguinarine Sanguinarine is a polycyclic quaternary alkaloid. It is extracted from some plants, including the bloodroot plant, from whose scientific name, ''Sanguinaria canadensis,'' its name is derived; the Mexican prickly poppy (''Argemone mexicana''); ''C ... References Benzodioxoles Quinoline alkaloids Heterocyclic compounds with 6 rings Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chelidonium Majus
''Chelidonium majus'', the greater celandine, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. One of two species in the genus '' Chelidonium'', it is native to Europe and western Asia and introduced widely in North America. The plant known as lesser celandine ('' Ficaria verna'') is not closely related, as it belongs to the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Description Greater celandine is a perennial herbaceous plant with an erect habit, and reaches high. The blue-green leaves are pinnate with lobed and wavy margins, up to long. When injured, the plant exudes a yellow to orange latex. The flowers consist of four yellow petals, each about long, with two sepals. A double-flowered variety occurs naturally. The flowers appear from late spring to summer, May to September (in the UK), in umbelliform cymes of about four flowers. The seeds are small and black, borne in a long, cylindrical capsule. Each has an elaiosome, which attracts ants to disperse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escharotic
Eschar (; ; ; or ''an'' eschar) is a slough or piece of dead tissue that is cast off from the surface of the skin, particularly after a burn injury, but also seen in gangrene, ulcer, fungal infections, necrotizing spider bite wounds, tick bites associated with spotted fevers and exposure to cutaneous anthrax. The term ‘eschar’ is not interchangeable with ‘scab’. An eschar contains necrotic tissue whereas a scab is composed of dried blood and exudate. Black eschars are most frequently attributed in medicine to cutaneous anthrax (infection by ''Bacillus anthracis''), which may be contracted through herd animal exposure and also from '' Pasteurella multocida'' exposure in cats and rabbits. A newly identified human rickettsial infection, ''R. parkeri'' rickettsiosis, can be differentiated from Rocky Mountain spotted fever by the presence of an eschar at the site of inoculation. Eschar is sometimes called a ''black wound'' because the wound is covered with thick, dry, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argemone Mexicana
''Argemone mexicana'', also known by the common names Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, flowering thistle, cardo, and cardosanto, is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world. An extremely hardy pioneer plant, it is tolerant of drought and poor soil, often being the only cover on new road cuttings or verges. It has bright yellow latex. It is poisonous to grazing animals, and it is rarely eaten, but it has been used medicinally by many peoples, including those in its native area, as well as the indigenous peoples of the western United States, parts of Mexico, and many parts of India. In India, during the colorful festival Holika Dahan, adults and children worship by offering flowers, and this species is in its maximum flowering phase during March when the Holi festival is celebrated. It is also referred to as "kateli ka phool" in India. Chemical constituents ''Argemone mexicana'' seeds contain 22–36% of a pale yellow non- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dihydrobenzophenanthridine Oxidase
Dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase (DHBP oxidase) is an enzyme. In the IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature, dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase is . Dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase produces oxidized forms of benzophenanthridine alkaloids: * In ''Sanguinaria canadensis'' (bloodroot), dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase produces sanguinarine from dihydrosanguinarine, and chelirubine from dihydrochelirubine. * In ''Eschscholzia californica ''Eschscholzia californica'', the California poppy, golden poppy, Mexican poppy, California sunlight or cup of gold, is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae, native to the United States and Mexico. It is cultivated as an orn ...'' (California poppy), dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase produces macarpine from dihydromacarpine. External links Chelirubine, Macarpine and Sanguinarine Biosynthesis* * * KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) Alkaloid biosynthesis I - Reference pathway EC 1.5.3 {{1.5-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eschar
Eschar (; ; ; or ''an'' eschar) is a slough or piece of necrosis, dead tissue that is cast off from the surface of the skin, particularly after a Burn, burn injury, but also seen in gangrene, Ulcer (dermatology), ulcer, mycosis, fungal infections, Loxoscelism, necrotizing spider bite wounds, tick bites associated with spotted fevers and exposure to cutaneous anthrax. The term ‘eschar’ is not interchangeable with ‘scab’. An eschar contains necrotic tissue whereas a scab is composed of dried blood and exudate. Black eschars are most frequently attributed in medicine to cutaneous anthrax (infection by ''Bacillus anthracis''), which may be contracted through herd animal exposure and also from ''Pasteurella multocida'' exposure in cats and rabbits. A newly identified human rickettsial infection, ''R. parkeri'' rickettsiosis, can be differentiated from Rocky Mountain spotted fever by the presence of an eschar at the site of inoculation. Eschar is sometimes called a ''black w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chelidonine
Chelidonine is an isolate of ''Papaveraceae'' with acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Introduction Chelidonine is the major alkaloid component of ''Chelidonium majus''. ''Chelidonium majus L''. is the only species of the tribe Chelidonieae of the family Papaveraceae. Papaveraceae is rich in specific alkaloids. ''C. majus'' contains various isoquinoline alkaloids with protopine, protoberberine and benzophenanthridine structures. This benzophenanthridine alkaloid can induce apoptosis in some transformed or malignant cell lines. D-Chelidonine, the main alkaloid of ''Chelidonium majus'', was first isolated in 1839. The supposed healing properties of greater celandine (''Chelidonium majus'') were believed in throughout Europe and Asia during the Imperial Roman period (Pliny 1966), and New World aboriginal cultures used BIA-containing plants by using sap or root extracts to treat minor cuts and infections. Synthesis The amide (N-(bicyclo .2.0cta-1,3, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloids Found In Papaveraceae
Alkaloids are a broad class of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. They can be purified from crude extracts of these organisms by acid-base extraction, or solvent extractions followed by silica-gel column chromatography. Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activities including antimalarial (e.g. quinine), antiasthma (e.g. ephedrine), anticancer (e.g. homoharringtonine), cholinomimetic (e.g. galantamine), vasodilatory (e.g. vincamine), antiarrhythmic (e.g. quinidine), analgesic (e.g. morphine), antibacterial (e.g. chelerythrine), and antihyperglycemic activities (e.g. berberine). Many have found use in traditional or modern medicine, or as starting points for drug discovery. Other alkaloids possess psychotropic (e.g. psilocin) and stimulant acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macleaya Cordata
''Macleaya cordata'', the five-seeded plume-poppy, is a species of flowering plant in the poppy family (biology), family Papaveraceae, which is used ornamental plant, ornamentally. It is native plant, native to China and Japan. It is a large herbaceous plant, herbaceous perennial plant, perennial growing to tall by or more wide, with olive green leaves and airy panicles of buff-white flowers in summer. Etymology The Latin ''cordata'' means "heart-shaped", referring to the leaves. The common name plume poppy is used for plants of the genus ''Macleaya''. The Chinese name 博落回 (''bóluòhúi'') is derived from 簸邏迴 (''bòluóhúi''), the Xianbei name for a musical instrument also known as 大角 (''dà jiǎo'', "big blowing horn, horn"), because the sound of blowing the dried hollow stem resembles the instrument sound. The Japanese name 竹似草 (''takenigusa'') means "bamboo-like herb", also referring to its hollow stem. Cultivation It self-seeds readily and can b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
