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Sangat (term)
In Sikhism, sangat refers to the community of followers, sometimes referred to as a "congregation." There were Manji dioceses composed of sangats Sikhs in a particular area. Guru Ram Das, the fourth guru, established the masand system to oversee sangats. The sangats contributed their ''dasvandh Dasvandh (, also translated as 'tithe', alternatively spelt as daswandh) is the one tenth part (or 10%) of one's income that one should donate, both financially (as a tithe) and directly in the form of '' seva'', according to Sikh principles. ...'' tithe to their local religious overseer, who would submit them to the Sikh guru to form a common-fund. Over time, the masands became corrupt and therefore Guru Gobind Singh abolished them and established direct contact with the sangats himself, not relying on any intermediaries. After the abolishment of the masands, the sangats brought their donations to the guru themselves when they visited him during festivals. References Further ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Namdhari Sadh Sangat
The Namdharis or Namdhari Sikhs (Gurmukhi: ਨਾਮਧਾਰੀ; Devanagari: नामधारी; ''nāmadhārī'', meaning "bearers of the Naam Japo, name"), also known as Kuka (Gurmukhi: ਕੂਕਾ; ''kūkā'' (''sing.)''; ਕੂਕੇ; ''kūkē'' (''pl''.): from Punjabi ''kuk'', “scream” or “cry”), are a Sects of Sikhism, Sikh sect that differs from Tat Khalsa, mainstream Sikhs chiefly in that they believe that the lineage of Sikh Gurus did not end with Guru Gobind Singh, Satguru Gobind Singh (1666–1708) in 1708, as they recognize Satguru Balak Singh (1797–1862) as the 11th Guru of the Sikh religion, thus continuing the succession of Sikh Gurus through the centuries from Guru Nanak Dev, Satguru Nanak Dev to the present day. Their 12th Guru is Ram Singh Kuka, Satguru Ram Singh [1816–1885(disputed)], who moved the sect's centre to Sri Bhaini Sahib (Ludhiana) and is regarded as the first Indian to use non-cooperation and non-violence boycott in order to combat the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikhism
Sikhism is an Indian religion and Indian philosophy, philosophy that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent around the end of the 15th century CE. It is one of the most recently founded major religious groups, major religions and among the largest in the world with about 25–30million adherents, known as Sikhs. Sikhism developed from the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak (1469–1539), the faith's first guru, and the nine Sikh gurus who succeeded him. The tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708), named the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the central religious scripture in Sikhism, was their successor. This brought the line of human gurus to a close. Sikhs regard the Guru Granth Sahib as the 11th and eternally living guru. The core beliefs and practices of Sikhism, articulated in the Guru Granth Sahib and other Sikh scriptures, include faith and meditation in the name of the one creator (''Ik Onkar''), the divine unity and equality of all humankind, engaging ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manji (Sikhism)
A Manji (Punjabi: ਮੰਜੀ ਪ੍ਰਥਾ ) was a Sikh religious administrative unit, similar to a parish or diocese, for the propagation of Sikhism. It was part of the Sikh missionary administrative organization founded by Guru Amar Das, the third Guru of Sikhism. Etymology The word ''Manji'' or ''Manja'' literally means a cot (taken as the ''seat of authority'' in this context). History Origin Guru Nanak would arrange early Sikh followers into various ''sangat'' (congregations) or parishes and instructed them to erect a '' dharamsal'' dedicated to spreading their Guru's message and teachings in their local area. Sangatia Sangatia (also spelt as ''Sangtias'') were head leaders from the local Sikh congregation (''sangat'') who arose as local leaders based upon personal piety and merit. Anyone could arise to become a Sangatia as there was no established priestly or clergy-class in Sikhism, as long as they were well-learnt and dedicated enough to the religion. Mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guru Ram Das
Guru Ram Das (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ, pronunciation: ; 24 September 1534 – 1 September 1581), sometimes spelled as Guru Ramdas, was the fourth of the ten Sikh gurus. He was born to a family based in Lahore, who named him Bhai Jetha. He was orphaned at age seven; and thereafter grew up with his maternal grandmother in a village. At age 12, Bhai Jetha and his grandmother moved to Goindwal, Goindval, where they met Guru Amar Das, the third leader of Sikhism. The boy accepted the guru as his mentor, served him, and eventually joined his family by marrying his daughter. When it came time for Guru Amar Das to name his successor, he passed over his own sons and chose Bhai Jetha, citing his exemplary service, selfless devotion, and unquestioning obedience. Renamed Ram Das ("slave of God"), Bhai Jetha became the fourth Guru of Sikhism in 1574. He faced hostility from the sons of Guru Amar Das, and shifted his official base to lands identified by Guru Ama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masand
A masand was a representative, religious preacher, and tithe collector in Sikhism. They were an officially appointed missionary minister representing the Sikh Guru, who baptized conversions to Sikhism, and collected '' dasvandh'' (tithe) as an offering to the Sikh community and religious establishment. A masand forwarded the collected amount to the Sikh guru. The masand has been described as being territorial deputies or vicars.Kothari, Rita & Thadhani, Jasbirkaur. (2016). ''Sindhi Sikhs in India: The Missing People''. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 39. 1-18. 10.1080/00856401.2016.1233716. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309276179_Sindhi_Sikhs_in_India_The_Missing_People The appointing of a masand conferred a distinct and unique Sikh status upon specific areas, occasions, and rituals. Etymology The word masand (Punjabi: ਮਸੰਦ) is an adaptation of the Persian term 'masnad' (Punjabi: ਮਸਨਦ), which refers to 'a seat' that is at a lower level th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dasvandh
Dasvandh (, also translated as 'tithe', alternatively spelt as daswandh) is the one tenth part (or 10%) of one's income that one should donate, both financially (as a tithe) and directly in the form of '' seva'', according to Sikh principles. Overview It falls into Guru Nanak Dev's concepts of '' Vand Chhako'' and ''Kirat karo''. The practice was followed during the period of Guru Arjan Dev and many Sikhs still continue to carry out the practice in the present-day. The concept of dasvandh was implicit in Guru Nanak's own line: "''ghali khai kichhu hathhu dei, Nanak rahu pachhanahi sei''—He alone, O Nanak, knoweth the way who eats out of what he earneth by his honest labour and yet shareth part of it with others" (GG, 1245). The idea of sharing and giving was nourished by the institutions of sangat (holy congregation) and langar (community kitchen) the Guru had established. Sikhs believe that whatever one gives in charity, they shall receive back many fold to their benefi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PhilArchive
PhilPapers is an interactive academic database of journal articles in philosophy. It is maintained by the Centre for Digital Philosophy at the University of Western Ontario, and it has "394,867 registered users, including the majority of professional philosophers and graduate students". The general editors are its founders, David Bourget and David Chalmers. PhilPapers receives financial support from other organizations, including a substantial grant in early 2009 from the Joint Information Systems Committee in the United Kingdom. The archive is praised for its comprehensiveness and organization, and for its regular updates. In addition to archiving papers, the editors run and publish the most extensive ongoing survey of academic philosophers. History Philosophy Research Index The Philosophy Research Index was established as an indexing database containing bibliographic information on philosophical publications in several western languages. It contained listings for a range of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
