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Sandpaper
upright=1.35, Sheets of sandpaper with different grit sizes (40 (coarse), 80, 150, 240, 600 (fine)) Sandpaper, also known as coated abrasive or emery paper, is a type of material that consists of sheets of paper or cloth with an abrasive substance glued to one face. In the modern manufacture of these products, sand and glass have been replaced by other abrasives such as aluminium oxide or silicon carbide. It is common to use the name of the abrasive when describing the paper, e.g. "aluminium oxide paper", or "silicon carbide paper". There are many varieties of sandpaper, with variations in the paper or backing, the material used for the grit, grit size, and the bond. Sandpaper is produced in a range of grit sizes and is used to remove material from surfaces, whether to make them smoother (for example, in painting and wood finishing), to remove a layer of material (such as old paint), or sometimes to make the surface rougher (for example, as a preparation for gluing). The grit ...
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Paper
Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, Textile, rags, poaceae, grasses, Feces#Other uses, herbivore dung, or other vegetable sources in water. Once the water is drained through a fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, it can be pressed and dried. The papermaking process developed in east Asia, probably China, at least as early as 105 Common Era, CE, by the Han Dynasty, Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BCE in China. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, today it is mass-produced on large machines—some making reels 10 metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, painting, graphics, signage, design, packaging, decorating, writing, and Housekeeping, cleaning. It may also be used a ...
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Abrasive
An abrasive is a material, often a mineral, that is used to shape or finish a workpiece through rubbing which leads to part of the workpiece being worn away by friction. While finishing a material often means polishing it to gain a smooth, reflective surface, the process can also involve roughening as in satin, matte or beaded finishes. In short, the ceramics which are used to cut, grind and polish other softer materials are known as abrasives. Abrasives are extremely commonplace and are used very extensively in a wide variety of industrial, domestic, and technological applications. This gives rise to a large variation in the physical and chemical composition of abrasives as well as the shape of the abrasive. Some common uses for abrasives include grinding, polishing, buffing, honing, cutting, drilling, sharpening, lapping, and sanding (see abrasive machining). (For simplicity, "mineral" in this article will be used loosely to refer to both minerals and mineral-like substances ...
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Emery Cloth Sheet - 01
Emery may refer to: Places * Emery High School (other) * Emery House (other) United States * Emery, Arizona, a populated place * Emery, Illinois * Emery, Michigan * Emery, Ohio, a ghost town * Emery Park, a park in Erie County, New York * Emery, North Carolina * Emery, Fayette County, Pennsylvania * Emery, Washington County, Pennsylvania * Emery, South Dakota, a city * Emery County, Utah ** Emery, Utah, a town in Emery County * Emery Farm (Durham, New Hampshire) * Emery Farm (Stratham, New Hampshire), on the National Register of Historic Places * Emery Farmstead, Port Angeles, Washington, on the National Register of Historic Places * Emery, Wisconsin, a town * Emery School, a former school building in Biddeford, Maine, on the National Register of Historic Places * Emery Theatre, an historic multi-purpose theatre in Cincinnati, Ohio Elsewhere * Emery, Toronto, a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada * Mount Emery, a mountain on West Falkland, Falkland Isl ...
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Drill
A drill is a tool used for making round holes or driving fasteners. It is fitted with a drill bit for making holes, or a screwdriver bit for securing fasteners. Historically, they were powered by hand, and later mains power, but cordless battery-powered drills are proliferating due to increased efficiency and ease of use. Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, construction, machine tool fabrication, and utility projects. Specially designed versions are made for surgery, dentistry, miniatures, and other applications. History Around 35,000 BC, ''Homo sapiens'' discovered the benefits of the application of rotary tools. This would have rudimentarily consisted of a pointed rock being spun between the hands to bore a hole through another material. This led to the hand drill, a smooth stick, that was sometimes attached to flint point, and was rubbed between the palms. This was used by many ancient civilizations around the world including the Mayans. The ear ...
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Angle Grinder
An angle grinder, also known as a side grinder or disc grinder, is a handheld power tool used for grinding (abrasive cutting) and polishing. History The high-speed angle grinder was invented in 1954 by German company Ackermann + Schmitt ( FLEX-Elektrowerkzeuge GmbH) in Steinheim an der Murr. Naming In German, Dutch, Slovak, Czech, Polish, Croatian, Romanian, Hungarian, Bulgarian and Latvian, an angle grinder is colloquially called a "flex", and in Italy and in Spanish-speaking countries it is sometimes called "flexible". In Switzerland it is known as "Perles" from a popular brand of cutting tools. In Polish it is also known as "kątówka" or "gumówka" (= the rubber thing), which refers to the elasticity of certain types of disks. However they are never made out of true rubber due to fire hazard. In Russian, it is known as "болгарка" ("bolgarka") (literally "Bulgarian" of the feminine gender), since the first angle grinders in the USSR were Bulgarian made. Design ...
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Sander
A sander is a power tool used to smooth surfaces by abrasion with sandpaper. Sanders have a means to attach the sandpaper and a mechanism to move it rapidly contained within a housing with means to handhold it or fix it to a workbench. Woodworking sanders are usually powered electrically, and those used in auto-body repair work are usually powered by compressed air. There are many different types of sanders for different purposes. Multipurpose power tools and electric drills may have sander attachments. Types Types of power sanders include: * Belt sander (hand-held or stationary) * Detail sander: A hand-held sander that uses a small vibrating head with a triangular piece of sandpaper attached. Used for sanding corners and very tight spaces. Also known as "mouse" or "corner" sanders. * Disc sander: A disc sander is most commonly implemented as a stationary machine that consists of a replaceable circular shaped sandpaper attached to a wheel turned by an electric motor or compr ...
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Quick Change Disc
Quick, as an adjective, refers to something moving with high speed. Quick may also refer to: In business * Quick (restaurant), a Belgian fast-food restaurant chain * Quick (sportswear), a Dutch manufacturer of sportswear * Quick (automobile), an early American automobile Music * The Quick (American band), a rock band from Los Angeles * The Quick (British band), a pop band from England * Quick (dance group), a hip hop dance group * ''Quick'' (album), a 1994 independently released album by Far Films * ''Quick'' (1932 film), a German film starring Lilian Harvey * ''Quick'', a 1993 American crime film starring Teri Polo * ''Quick'' (2011 film), a South Korean film * ''Quick'' (2019 film), also known as ''The Perfect Patient'', a Swedish film Publications * ''Quick'' (German magazine), published 1948–1992 * ''Quick'' (newspaper), a defunct free weekly tabloid in the Dallas-Fort Worth area from 2003 to 2011 In sports * AHC Quick, also known as Quick Amsterdam, a baseb ...
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Vulcanization
Vulcanization (British English: vulcanisation) is a range of processes for hardening rubbers. The term originally referred exclusively to the treatment of natural rubber with sulfur, which remains the most common practice. It has also grown to include the hardening of other (synthetic) rubbers via various means. Examples include silicone rubber via room temperature vulcanizing and chloroprene rubber (neoprene) using metal oxides. Vulcanization can be defined as the curing of elastomers, with the terms 'vulcanization' and 'curing' sometimes used interchangeably in this context. It works by forming cross-links between sections of the polymer chain which results in increased rigidity and durability, as well as other changes in the mechanical and electrical properties of the material. Vulcanization, in common with the curing of other thermosetting polymers, is generally irreversible. The word was suggested by William Brockedon (a friend of Thomas Hancock who attained the B ...
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PET Film (biaxially Oriented)
BoPET (biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate) is a polyester film made from stretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and is used for its high tensile strength, chemical stability, dimensional stability (fabric), dimensional stability, Transparency (optics), transparency reflectivity, and electrical insulation. When Metallised film, metallized, it has gas and moisture barrier properties. The film is "biaxially oriented", which means that the polymer chains are oriented parallel to the plane of the film, and therefore oriented over two axes. A variety of companies manufacture boPET and other polyester films under different brand names. In the UK and US, the best-known trade names are Mylar, Melinex, Lumirror and Hostaphan. It was the first biaxially oriented polymer to be manufactured on a mass commercial scale. History BoPET film was developed in the mid-1950s,Izard, Emmette Farr"Production of polyethylene terephthalate" U.S. patent no. 2,534,028 (filed: 1948 May 13; i ...
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Rayon
Rayon, also called viscose and commercialised in some countries as sabra silk or cactus silk, is a semi-synthetic fiber made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose fiber, cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. It has the same molecular structure as cellulose. Many types and grades of viscose fibers and films exist. Some imitate the feel and texture of natural fibers such as silk, wool, cotton, and linen. The types that resemble silk are often called artificial silk. It can be woven or knit to make textiles for clothing and other purposes. Rayon production involves solubilizing cellulose to allow turning the fibers into required form. Three common solubilization methods are: * The Cuprammonium rayon, cuprammonium process (not in use today), using ammoniacal solutions of copper salts * The viscose process, the most common today, using alkali and carbon disulfide * The Lyocell process, using amine oxide, avoids producing neurotoxic carbon disulfide but is ...
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Polyester
Polyester is a category of polymers that contain one or two ester linkages in every repeat unit of their main chain. As a specific material, it most commonly refers to a type called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters include some naturally occurring chemicals, such as those found in plants and insects. Natural polyesters and a few synthetic ones are biodegradable, but most synthetic polyesters are not. Synthetic polyesters are used extensively in clothing. Polyester fibers are sometimes spun together with natural fibers to produce a cloth with blended properties. Cotton-polyester blends can be strong, wrinkle- and tear-resistant, and reduce shrinking. Synthetic fibers using polyester have high water, wind, and environmental resistance compared to plant-derived fibers. They are less Fireproofing, fire-resistant and can melt when ignited. Liquid crystalline polyesters are among the first industrially used liquid crystal polymers. They are used for their mechanical propert ...
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