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Ruling Engine
A dividing engine is a device employed to mark graduations on measuring instruments. History There has always been a need for accurate measuring instruments. Whether it is a linear device such as a ruler or vernier or a circular device such as a protractor, astrolabe, sextant, theodolite, or setting circles for astronomical telescopes, the desire for ever greater precision has always existed. For every improvement in the measuring instruments, such as better alidades or the introduction of telescopic sights, the need for more exact graduations immediately followed. In early instruments, graduations were typically etched or scribed lines in wood, ivory or brass. Instrument makers devised various devices to perform such tasks. Early Islamic instrument makers must have had techniques for the fine division of their instruments, as this accuracy is reflected in the accuracy of the readings they made. This skill and knowledge seems to have been lost, given that small quadrants and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dividing Engine Lansing Michigan
Divide or Divider may refer to: Mathematics and technology * Division (mathematics) *Divides, usually known as divisor *Divider caliper or compass, a caliper *Frequency divider, a circuit that divides the frequency of a clock signal Geography * Drainage divide, a line separating two drainage basins ** Great Divide Basin, in Wyoming Places * Divide, Saskatchewan, Canada * Divide, Colorado, community * Divide, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Divide, Montana, a rural community * Divide, Oregon, an unincorporated community * Divide, West Virginia, an unincorporated community * Divide County, North Dakota *Divider, a central reservation in Bangladesh Music * ''÷'' (album), a 2017 album by Ed Sheeran * "Divide", a song by All That Remains from ''The Order of Things'' * "Divide", a song by Bastille from Doom Days * "Divide", a song by Disturbed from '' Indestructible'' * "Divide", a song by Vision of Disorder from ''Vision of Disorder'' *''Divides'', album by The Virginmar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transversal (instrument Making)
Transversals are a geometric construction on a scientific instrument to allow a Graduation (instrument), graduation to be read to a finer degree of accuracy. Their use creates what is sometimes called a diagonal scale, an engineering measuring instrument which is composed of a set of parallel straight lines which are Oblique angle, obliquely crossed by another set of straight lines. Diagonal scales are used to measure small fractions of the unit of measurement. Transversals have been replaced in modern times by vernier scales. This method is based on the Intercept theorem (also known as Thales's theorem). History Transversals were used at a time when finely graduated instruments were difficult to make. They were found on instruments starting in the early 14th century, but the inventor is unknown. In 1342 Levi Ben Gerson introduced an instrument called Jacob's staff (apparently invented the previous century by Jacob ben Makir, Jacob Ben Makir) and described the method of the transv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beam Compass
A beam compass is a compass with a beam and sliding sockets or cursors for drawing and dividing circles larger than those made by a regular pair of compasses. The instrument can be as a whole, or made on the spot with individual sockets (called trammel points) and any suitable beam. Draftsman's beam compass A draftsman's beam compass consists of a set of points and holders, mounted on a plated brass, aluminum, or German 'silver' rod. One end is generally locked down at the end of the rod, while the other has both rough and fine adjustments, though some are opposite in construction. The locked tip holder consists of a needle, for the centre of the radius, and the other holds either a lead clutch, or an inking nib. There are older variants which use a wooden beam. Another similar type is a Machinist or Engineers beam compass, which uses scribing points only, similar to ones used by woodworkers, except that its fine adjustment is generally more refined. These beam compasses can b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limb
Limb may refer to: Science and technology *Limb (anatomy), an appendage of a human or animal *Limb, a large or main branch of a tree *Limb, in astronomy, the curved edge of the apparent disk of a celestial body, e.g. lunar limb *Limb, in botany, the border or upper spreading part of a petal or sepal *Limb, in a measuring instrument, the graduated edge of a circle or arc Music * ''Limb'' (album), by Foetus, 2009 *''Limb'', an album by Justin Clayton, 1999 *"Limbs", a song by Emma Pollock from '' Watch the Fireworks'', 2007 *Limb Music, a German record label Other uses *Limb (surname), a list of people * Limb McKenry (1888–1956), American baseball pitcher * Limb Brook, a stream in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England * Limbs Dance Company, in Auckland, New Zealand *Limbs, in archery, the upper and lower working parts of the bow; see recurve bow * Bresso Airfield, Bresso, Italy (ICAO code) * Limbu script (ISO 15924 code) See also * Limb darkening Limb darkening is an optical e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Graham (clockmaker)
George Graham, FRS (7 July 1673, maybe 1675 – 16 November 1751) was an English clockmaker, inventor, and geophysicist, and a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was born in Kirklinton, Cumberland. A Friend (Quaker) like his mentor Thomas Tompion, Graham left Cumberland in 1688 for London to work with Tompion. He later married Tompion's niece, Elizabeth Tompion. Career Graham was partner to the influential English clockmaker Thomas Tompion during the last few years of Tompion's life. Graham is credited with inventing several design improvements to the pendulum clock, inventing the mercury pendulum and also the orrery. He was made Master of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers in 1722. Between 1730 and 1738, Graham had as an apprentice Thomas Mudge, who went on to be an eminent watchmaker in his own right, and invented the lever escapement, an important development for pocket watches.Harold Bagust, "The Greater Genius?", 2006, Ian Allan Publishing, (page 15) He was widely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gear
A gear or gearwheel is a rotating machine part typically used to transmit rotational motion and/or torque by means of a series of teeth that engage with compatible teeth of another gear or other part. The teeth can be integral saliences or cavities machined on the part, or separate pegs inserted into it. In the latter case, the gear is usually called a cogwheel. A cog may be one of those pegsDefinition of "cog" in the ''Oxford Learner's Dictionary'' online. Accessed on 2024-07-29.Definition of "cog" in the ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary'' online. Accessed on 2024-07-29. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vernier Scale
A vernier scale ( ), named after Pierre Vernier, is a visual aid to take an accurate measurement reading between two graduation markings on a linear scale by using mechanical interpolation, which increases resolution and reduces measurement uncertainty by using vernier acuity. It may be found on many types of instrument measuring length or measuring angles, but in particular on a vernier caliper, which measures lengths of human-scale objects (including internal and external diameters). The vernier is a subsidiary scale replacing a single measured-value pointer, and has for instance ten divisions equal in distance to nine divisions on the main scale. The interpolated reading is obtained by observing which of the vernier scale graduations is coincident with a graduation on the main scale, which is easier to perceive than visual estimation between two points. Such an arrangement can go to a higher resolution by using a higher scale ratio, known as the vernier constant. A ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Vernier
Pierre Vernier (; 19 August 1580 at Ornans, Franche-Comté (at that time ruled by the Spanish Habsburgs, now part of France) – 14 September 1637, same location) was a mathematician and instrument inventor. He was the inventor and eponym of the vernier scale used in measuring devices. Life He was born in Ornans, France, in 1580. He was taught science by his father. He became captain and castellan of the castle at Ornans, for the King of Spain. He was also later councillor and director general of economy in the County of Burgundy. In Brussels, in the year 1631, Vernier published his treatise ''La construction, l'usage, et les propriétés du quadrant nouveau de mathématique'', and dedicated it to the Infanta. In it, he described the ingenious device which now bears his name, the vernier scale. To a quadrant with a primary scale in half degrees Vernier proposed to attach a movable sector, thirty-one half degrees in length but divided into thirty equal parts (each pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Curtius
Jacob, later known as Israel, is a Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions. He first appears in the Torah, where he is described in the Book of Genesis as a son of Isaac and Rebecca. Accordingly, alongside his older fraternal twin brother Esau, Jacob's paternal grandparents are Abraham and Sarah and his maternal grandfather is Bethuel, whose wife is not mentioned. He is said to have bought Esau's birthright and, with his mother's help, deceived his aging father to bless him instead of Esau. Then, following a severe drought in his homeland Canaan, Jacob and his descendants migrated to neighbouring Egypt through the efforts of his son Joseph, who had become a confidant of the pharaoh. After dying in Egypt at the age of 147, he is supposed to have been buried in the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron. Per the Hebrew Bible, Jacob's progeny were beget by four women: his wives (and maternal cousins) Leah and Rachel; and his concubines Bilhah and Zilpah. His sons were, in order of their b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopher Clavius
Christopher Clavius, (25 March 1538 – 6 February 1612) was a Jesuit German mathematician, head of mathematicians at the , and astronomer who was a member of the Vatican commission that accepted the proposed calendar invented by Aloysius Lilius, that is known as the Gregorian calendar. Clavius would later write defences and an explanation of the reformed calendar, including an emphatic acknowledgement of Lilius' work. In his last years, he was probably the most respected astronomer in Europe and his textbooks were used for astronomical education for over fifty years in and even out of Europe. Early life Little is known about Christopher Clavius' early life, with the only certain fact being that he was born in Bamberg in either 1538 or 1537. His given name is not known to any great degree of certainty—it is thought by scholars to have perhaps been ''Christoph Clau'' or ''Klau''. There are also some who think that his taken name, ''Clavius'', may be a Latinization of his o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concentric
In geometry, two or more objects are said to be ''concentric'' when they share the same center. Any pair of (possibly unalike) objects with well-defined centers can be concentric, including circles, spheres, regular polygons, regular polyhedra, parallelograms, cones, conic sections, and quadrics. Geometric objects are '' coaxial'' if they share the same axis (line of symmetry). Geometric objects with a well-defined axis include circles (any line through the center), spheres, cylinders, conic sections, and surfaces of revolution. Concentric objects are often part of the broad category of '' whorled patterns'', which also includes '' spirals'' (a curve which emanates from a point, moving farther away as it revolves around the point). Geometric properties In the Euclidean plane, two circles that are concentric necessarily have different radii from each other.. However, circles in three-dimensional space may be concentric, and have the same radius as each other, but nevert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonius (device)
Nonius is a measuring tool used in navigation and astronomy named in honour of its inventor, Pedro Nunes (Latin: Petrus Nonius), a Portuguese author, mathematician and navigator. The nonius was created in 1542 as a system for taking finer measurements on circular instruments such as the astrolabe. The system was eventually adapted into the Vernier scale in 1631 by the French mathematician Pierre Vernier. Technical features The nonius was used to improve the astrolabe's accuracy. This consisted of a number of concentric circles traced on an instrument and dividing each successive one with one fewer divisions than the adjacent outer circle. On a standard scale of 90 degrees, there are an additional 44–45 concentric circles, with each divided into a specific unit size such that a scale unit on position n had an arc of 90/n degrees. Thus, the outermost quadrant would comprise 90° in 90 equal divisions, the next inner would have 89 divisions, the next 88 and so on. When an a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
