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Rockers (royal Courts)
Rockers were gentlewomen employed at royal courts and aristocratic households as attendants to infants, whose duties included rocking the cradle. In medieval England, a French term "''berceresse''" or "''bercere''" was used for this role, or the English words "bersatrix" or "rockster". The employment of rockers was noted by an English author Walter of Bibbesworth in his ''The Treatise (Walter of Bibbesworth), Treatise''. An ordinance for the household of Henry VII of England includes "four chamberers, called rockers". The rockers gave oaths of loyalty and service to the Lord Chamberlain as members of the royal household. Tudor and Stuart courts Henry VII employed Agnes Butler and Emily or Evelyn Hobbes as rockers for Arthur, Prince of Wales at Farnham Castle. The rockers appointed for the cradle of Margaret Tudor at Richmond Palace were Anne Mayland and Margaret Troughton, assisted by Alice Bywymble. Margaret Tudor married James IV of Scotland, the four rockers of her children we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penelope Eames
Penelope Eames (née Fox) is a furniture historian and was the Assistant Secretary at the Griffith Institute, University of Oxford, during the compilation of the Tutankhamun photograph archive. Biography Fox was the Assistant Secretary at the Griffith Institute, University of Oxford, during the late 1940s to 1952. During this time, she collaborated with Nora E. Scott, then at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, to compare and try to make equivalent the two archives of photographs taken by Harry Burton of the objects from the Tomb of Tutankhamun. This process took nearly three years. During her time at the Griffith Institute, she wrote ''Tutankhamun's Treasures'' (1951) and a 65-page report of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Griffith Institute's two collections of the images, both of which are published under the name Penelope Fox. The latter report was still being used in the 1990s for consulting the archive. In April 1952, Fox married John V. H. Eames and together they had a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James V
James V (10 April 1512 – 14 December 1542) was List of Scottish monarchs, King of Scotland from 9 September 1513 until his death in 1542. He was crowned on 21 September 1513 at the age of seventeen months. James was the son of King James IV and Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII of England. During his childhood Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland was governed by regents, firstly by his mother until she remarried, and then by his first cousin once removed, John Stewart, Duke of Albany. James's personal rule began in 1528 when he finally escaped the custody of his stepfather, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus. His first action was to exile Angus and confiscate the lands of the Clan Douglas, Douglases. James greatly increased his income by tightening control over royal estates and from the profits of justice, customs and feudal rights. He founded the College of Justice in 1532 and also acted to end lawlessness and rebellion in the Anglo-Scottish border, Borders and the Hebrides. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suzannah Lipscomb
Suzannah Rebecca Gabriella Lipscomb (born 7 December 1978) , Library of Congress Name Authority File is a British historian and professor emerita at the University of Roehampton, a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, the Higher Education Academy and the Society of Antiquaries, and has for many years contributed a regular column to ''History Today''. She has written and edited a number of books, presented numerous historical documentaries on TV and is host of the ''Not Just the Tudors'' podcast from History Hit. She is also a royal historian for NBC. Her research focuses on the sixteenth century, in both English and French history, and covers religious, gender, political, social, and psychological history. She has also written and talked about British and European witch trials. Lipscomb was previously a member of the board o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis I Of France
Francis I (; ; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his first cousin once removed and father-in-law Louis XII, who died without a legitimate son. A prodigious patron of the arts, Francis promoted the emergent French Renaissance by attracting many Italian artists to work for him, including Leonardo da Vinci, who brought the ''Mona Lisa'', which Francis had acquired. Francis's reign saw important cultural changes with the growth of central power in France, the spread of humanism and Protestantism, and the beginning of French exploration of the New World. Jacques Cartier and others claimed lands in the Americas for France and paved the way for the expansion of the first French colonial empire. For his role in the development and promotion of the French language, Francis became known as (the 'Father and Restorer of Letters'). He was also known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry II Of France
Henry II (; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was List of French monarchs#House of Valois-Angoulême (1515–1589), King of France from 1547 until his death in 1559. The second son of Francis I of France, Francis I and Claude of France, Claude, Duchess of Brittany, he became Dauphin of France upon the death of his elder brother Francis III, Duke of Brittany, Francis in 1536. As a child, Henry and his elder brother spent over four years in captivity in Spain as hostages in exchange for their father. Henry pursued his father's policies in matters of art, war, and religion. He persevered in the Italian Wars against the House of Habsburg, Habsburgs and tried to suppress the Reformation, even as the Huguenots, Huguenot numbers were increasing drastically in France during his reign. Under the April 1559 Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis which ended the Italian Wars, France renounced its claims in Italy, but gained certain other territories, including the Pale of Calais and the Three Bishoprics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl Of Wiltshire
Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire, 1st Earl of Ormond, 1st Viscount Rochford KG KB ( – 12 March 1539), of Hever Castle in Kent, was an English diplomat and politician who was the father of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII, and was thus the maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I. By Henry VIII he was made a Knight of the Garter in 1523 and was elevated to the peerage as Viscount Rochford in 1525 and in 1529 was further ennobled as Earl of Wiltshire and Earl of Ormond. Origins He was born in about 1477 at Hever Castle in Kent, the son of Sir William Boleyn (1451–1505) of Blickling (purchased by Sir William's father Sir Geoffrey Boleyn, a wealthy mercer who served as Lord Mayor of London) by his wife Margaret Butler (1454–1539), a daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond. Marriage and issue He married Elizabeth Howard, eldest daughter of Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey by his wife Elizabeth Tilney. Five children are atteste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal Wolsey
Thomas Wolsey ( ; – 29 November 1530) was an English statesman and Catholic cardinal. When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509, Wolsey became the king's almoner. Wolsey's affairs prospered and by 1514 he had become the controlling figure in virtually all matters of state. He also held important ecclesiastical appointments. These included the Archbishop of York—the second most important role in the English church—and that of papal legate. His appointment as a cardinal by Pope Leo X in 1515 gave him precedence over all other English clergy. The highest political position Wolsey attained was Lord Chancellor, the king's chief adviser (formally, as his successor and disciple Thomas Cromwell was not). In that position, he enjoyed great freedom and was often depicted as the ''alter rex'' ("other king"). After failing to negotiate an annulment of Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, Wolsey fell out of favour and was stripped of his government titles. He retreated to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Shelton (courtier)
Sir John Shelton (In or before 1503 – 1558) was the eldest son of Sir John Shelton and Anne Shelton (courtier), Anne Boleyn, the aunt of Queen Anne Boleyn. John's sister, Margaret and Mary Shelton, Mary Shelton, who married Sir John Heveningham, was possibly the mistress of Henry VIII of England, Henry VIII of England during 1535. Shelton may have been High Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk as early as 1523, when he was 20 years old. He seems to have been overshadowed by his father's great wealth. Sir John senior had seen his star rise with the Boleyn family, when he and Lady Shelton acquired the custody of Princess Mary at Hatfield House. But when his father died in 1539, Sir John junior preferred the quietude of the country, since his father's lawyers, William Coningsby and Nicholas Hare, Sir Nicholas Hare were prosecuted under the Statute of Uses for a fraudulent misrepresentation of the will. Shelton joined the Norfolk bench in 1543 after the Howard faction's fall from power. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Parker, 10th Baron Morley
Henry Parker, 10th Baron Morley (1476/1480/14813 December 1553/1556), (notes to Parliamentary records show this as 25 November 1556) was an England, English peerage, peer and translator, Lord of Morley Saint Botolph, Morley, Hingham, Norfolk, Hingham, Hockering, &c., in Norfolk. Life He was the son of Alice Parker, 9th Baroness Morley, born Lovel (c. 1467–1518), and her husband William Parker (privy counsellor), Sir William Parker, who was privy counsellor and standard-bearer to Richard III of England, King Richard III. He married Alice St John, granddaughter of Sir John St John (1426–1498) and his wife Alice Bradshaigh, and thus a descendant of Sir Oliver St John and his wife Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe, Margaret Beauchamp—maternal grandmother of Henry VII of England, King Henry VII—by whom he had one son, Henry Parker (MP for Hertfordshire), Sir Henry Parker, who was knighted at the coronation of Anne BoleynWilliam Arthur Robarts - University of Toronto et George Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine Of Aragon
Catherine of Aragon (also spelt as Katherine, historical Spanish: , now: ; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) was List of English royal consorts, Queen of England as the Wives of Henry VIII, first wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 11 June 1509 until its annulment on 23 May 1533. She was Princess of Wales while married to Henry's elder brother, Arthur, Prince of Wales, for a short period before his death. Catherine was born at the Archbishop's Palace of Alcalá de Henares, and was the youngest child of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon. She was three years old when she was betrothed to Arthur, the eldest son of Henry VII of England. They married in 1501, but Arthur died five months later. Catherine spent years in limbo, and during this time, she held the position of ambassador of the Aragonese crown to Kingdom of England, England in 1507, the first known female ambassador in European history. She married Henry VIII shortly after his accession i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry VIII
Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is known for his Wives of Henry VIII, six marriages and his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disagreement with Pope Clement VII about such an annulment led Henry to initiate the English Reformation, separating the Church of England from papal authority. He appointed himself Supreme Head of the Church of England and dissolution of the monasteries, dissolved convents and monasteries, for which he was List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church, excommunicated by the pope. Born in Greenwich, Henry brought radical changes to the Constitution of England, expanding royal power and ushering in the theory of the divine right of kings in opposition to papal supremacy. He frequently used charges of treason and heresy to quell dissent, and those accused were often executed without a formal trial using bills of attainder. He achi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary I Of England
Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain as the wife of King Philip II from January 1556 until her death in 1558. She made vigorous attempts to reverse the English Reformation, which had begun during the reign of her father, King Henry VIII. Her attempt to restore to the Church the property confiscated in the previous two reigns was largely thwarted by Parliament but, during her five-year reign, more than 280 religious dissenters were burned at the stake in what became known as the Marian persecutions, leading later commentators to label her "Bloody Mary". Mary was the only surviving child of Henry VIII by his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. She was declared illegitimate and barred from the line of succession following the annulment of her parents' marriage in 1533, but was restored via the Third Succession Act 1543. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeede ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
