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Reconfirmation
In tourism, reconfirmation is a contractual requirement that the traveller must explicitly re-notify to the seller that they still intend to use their reservation. (link can be found on the right bar under "Related Links" oIATA Passenger Standards Conference (PSC) If the traveller fails to reconfirm, their reservation might be cancelled. The term is mostly used in commercial aviation. Airlines Several airlines require the traveller to perform reconfirmation procedures, even though the airline ticket has already been reserved, paid, confirmed, issued, partially checked-in and flown. A typical reconfirmation rule is: for each flight (or more precisely, a "leg") within the trip, the traveller must explicitly re-notify ("reconfirm") to the airline, by telephone or at the airlines' counter, that the traveller still intends to take the reserved flight. The call must be done within a determined range of time in advance of the flight. Example deadlines are: 6 to 72 hours. The earliest ...
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Overselling
Overselling or overbooking is sale of a volatile good or service in excess of actual supply. Overselling is a common practice in the travel and hospitality sectors, in which it is expected that some people will cancel. The practice occurs as an intentional business strategy in which sellers expect that some buyers will not consume all of the resources they are entitled to, or that some buyers will cancel. The practice of overselling aims to ensure that 100% of available supply will be used, resulting in the maximum return on investment. If more customers than the seller expects do wish to purchase or use the sold commodity, it may leave some customers lacking a service they expected to receive. Overbooking is regulated (though rarely prohibited) in many countries and industries, and companies that do practice it are often required or forced by market competition to offer large amounts of compensation to customers as an incentive for them to not take up their purchase. An alternati ...
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No-show (airlines)
A no-show is a condition when a person does not appear at their expected place. In aviation, no-show is when a ticketed passenger doesn't show up for their flight. (link can be found on the right bar under "Related Links" oIATA Passenger Standards Conference (PSC) Such passenger is also sometimes called a "no-show". Airlines attempt to reduce losses caused by no-shows by employing tactics such as overbooking, reconfirmation, and no-show penalty charges. The U.S. government warns consumers to not be a no-show. Some airlines include a no-show clause in their Contract of carriage. It basically means that a user not showing up for the outbound flight will be considered a no-show, and all the connecting flights associated with this one, even a return flight, will be cancelled and no refund will apply. This is an example of no-show clause in the terms of use of Swiss International Air Lines (SWISS): While it is not clear if carriers should refund users regarding navigation taxes (re ...
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Airline Ticket
An airline ticket is a document or electronic record, issued by an airline or a travel agency, that confirms that an individual is entitled to a seat on a flight on an aircraft. The airline ticket may be one of two types: a ''paper ticket'', which comprises coupons or vouchers; and an electronic ticket (commonly referred to as an ''e-ticket''). The ticket, in either form, is required to obtain a boarding pass during check-in at the airport. Then with the boarding pass and the attached Ticket (admission), ticket, the passenger is allowed to board the aircraft. Details Regardless of the type, tickets contain the following information: *The passenger's name *The issuing airline *A ticket number, including the airline's three-digit code at the start of the number *The cities between which the ticket is valid for travel *Flight for which the ticket is valid (unless the ticket is "open") *Baggage allowance. (Not always visible on a printout but recorded electronically for the airline) ...
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Tourism
Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the Commerce, commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel. World Tourism Organization, UN Tourism defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only", as people "travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure and not less than 24 hours, business and other purposes". Tourism can be Domestic tourism, domestic (within the traveller's own country) or International tourism, international. International tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments. Between the second half of 2008 and the end of 2009, tourism numbers declined due to a severe Economy, economic slowdown (see Great Recession) and the outbreak of the 2009 2009 flu pandemic, H1N1 influenza virus. These numbers, however, recovered until the COVID-19 pandemic put an abrupt end to th ...
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Comptroller General Of The United States
The comptroller general of the United States is the director of the Government Accountability Office (GAO, formerly known as the General Accounting Office), a legislative-branch agency established by Congress in 1921 to ensure the fiscal and managerial accountability of the federal government. Overview The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 "created an establishment of the Government to be known as the General Accounting Office, which shall be independent of the executive departments and under the control and direction of the Comptroller General of the United States". The act also provided that the "Comptroller General shall investigate, at the seat of government or elsewhere, all matters relating to the receipt, disbursement, and application of public funds, and shall make to the President when requested by him, and to Congress... recommendations looking to greater economy or efficiency in public expenditures." The comptroller general is appointed for fifteen years by the pre ...
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Kenya Airways
Kenya Airways Ltd., more commonly known as Kenya Airways, is the flag carrier airline of Kenya. The company was founded in 1977, after the dissolution of East African Airways. Its head office is located in Embakasi, Nairobi, with its Airline hub, hub at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport. The airline was owned by the Government of Kenya until April 1995, and it was privatised in 1996, becoming the first Airlines of Africa, African flag carrier to successfully do so. Kenya Airways is currently a public-private partnership. The largest shareholder is the Government of Kenya (48.9%), with 38.1% being owned by KQ Lenders Company 2017 Ltd (in turn owned by a consortium of banks), followed by KLM, which has a 7.8% stake in the company. Private owners hold the rest of the shares; shares are traded on the Nairobi Stock Exchange, the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange, and the Uganda Securities Exchange. The airline became a member of SkyTeam in June 2010 and is also a member of the African ...
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Ethiopian Airlines
Ethiopian Airlines (), formerly ''Ethiopian Air Lines'' (EAL), is the flag carrier of Ethiopia, and is wholly owned by the country's government. EAL was founded on 21 December 1945 and commenced operations on 8 April 1946, expanding to international flights in 1951. The firm became a share company in 1965 and changed its name from Ethiopian Air Lines to Ethiopian Airlines. The airline has been a member of the International Air Transport Association since 1959 and of the African Airlines Association (AFRAA) since 1968. Ethiopian is a Star Alliance member, having joined in December 2011. The company slogan is 'The New Spirit of Africa.' Ethiopian's hub and headquarters are at Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa, from where it serves a network of 155 passenger destinations—22 of them domestic—and 68 freighter destinations. The airline has secondary hubs in Togo and Malawi. Ethiopian Airlines is Africa's largest airline in terms of passengers carried, destinations serv ...
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United Airlines
United Airlines, Inc. is a Major airlines of the United States, major airline in the United States headquartered in Chicago, Chicago, Illinois that operates an extensive domestic and international route network across the United States and six continents with more destinations than any other airline. Regional service operated by independent carriers under the brand name United Express feeds its eight hubs and the Star Alliance, of which United was one of the five founding airlines, extends its network throughout the world. United was formed beginning in the late 1920s as an amalgamation of several airlines, the oldest of these being Varney Air Lines, created in 1926 by Walter Varney who later co-founded the predecessor to Continental Airlines. United has ranked among the largest airlines in the world since its founding, often as a result of mergers and acquisitions. History Network Destinations As of 2024, United Airlines flies (or has flown) to the following destination ...
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Lufthansa
Deutsche Lufthansa AG (), trading as the Lufthansa Group, is a German aviation group. Its major and founding subsidiary airline Lufthansa German Airlines, branded as Lufthansa, is the flag carrier of Germany. It ranks List of largest airlines in Europe, second in Europe by passengers carried, as well as Largest airlines in the world, largest in Europe and fourth largest in the world by revenue. Lufthansa Airlines is also one of the five founding members of Star Alliance, which is the world's largest airline alliance, formed in 1997. Lufthansa was founded in 1953 and commenced operations in April 1955. Besides operating flights under its own brand Lufthansa Airlines, the Lufthansa Group also owns several other airlines, including Austrian Airlines, Brussels Airlines, Discover Airlines, Eurowings, ITA Airways and Swiss International Air Lines. The group also owns several aviation-related companies, including Global Load Control, Lufthansa Consulting, Lufthansa Flight Training, ...
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American Airlines
American Airlines, Inc. is a major airlines of the United States, major airline in the United States headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, within the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, and is the Largest airlines in the world, largest airline in the world in terms of passengers carried and daily flights. American, along with its regional subsidiaries and contractors operating under the brand name American Eagle (airline brand), American Eagle, operate an extensive international and domestic network with almost 6,800 flights per day to nearly 350 destinations in 48 countries. The airline is also a founding member of the Oneworld alliance, one of the world's three major airline alliances. American Airlines and American Eagle operate out of ten hubs, with Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) being the largest. The airline serves more than 200 million passengers annually, and averages more than 500,000 daily. , the company employs 103,440 staff members. History American Air ...
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Delta Air Lines
Delta Air Lines, Inc. is a Major airlines of the United States, major airline in the United States headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, operating nine hubs, with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being its largest in terms of total passengers and number of departures. With its regional subsidiaries and contractors operating under the brand name Delta Connection, Delta has over 5,400 flights daily and serve 325 destinations in 52 countries on six continents. Delta is a founding member of the SkyTeam airline alliance which helps to extend its global network. It is the oldest operating U.S. airline and the List of airlines by foundation date, seventh-oldest operating worldwide. Delta ranks first in revenue and brand value among the world's largest airlines, and second by number of passengers carried, passenger miles flown, and fleet size. Listed 70th on the Fortune 500, ''Fortune'' 500 list, Delta has topped ''The Wall Street Journal's'' annua ...
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Contract Of Carriage
A contract of carriage is a contract between a carrier of cargo or passengers and the consignor, consignee or passenger. Contracts of carriage define the rights, duties and liabilities of parties to the contract, addressing topics such as acts of God and including clauses such as (removing liability for extraordinary occurrences beyond control of the parties). Among common carriers, the terms and conditions of the contract may be printed on the reverse of a ticket or carriage document. For cargo shipments, notification of a shipment’s arrival is usually sent to the "notify party", whose address appears on the shipping document. This party is usually either the buyer or the importer. Carriage by sea The 1950 legal case of ''Heskell v. Continental Express'' (9501 All E.R. 1033) provides a description of CIV (rail travel)">CIV conditions of sale. Air travel In July 2010, it became widely public that Southwest Airlines had classified mechanical difficulties as an act of God ...
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