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Receiver (information Theory)
The receiver in information theory is the receiving end of a communication channel. It receives decoded messages/information from the sender, who first encoded them. Sometimes the receiver is modeled so as to include the decoder. Real-world receivers like radio receivers or telephones can not be expected to receive as much information as predicted by the noisy channel coding theorem. Real-world receivers include: * For modulated radio waves, a radio receiver ** For converting specifically AM modulated radio waves to sound, an AM Tuner ** For converting specifically FM modulated radio waves to sound, an FM Tuner ** For converting specifically television transmissions to video and audio, a television tuner, which may be a component of an AV receiver * For modulated ultrasound waves, a receiver (modulated ultrasound) * For converting analog electrical signals on a wire to audio, a speaker system, which may be a component of an audio headset or telephone handset. * For readin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Information Theory
Information theory is the mathematical study of the quantification (science), quantification, Data storage, storage, and telecommunications, communication of information. The field was established and formalized by Claude Shannon in the 1940s, though early contributions were made in the 1920s through the works of Harry Nyquist and Ralph Hartley. It is at the intersection of electronic engineering, mathematics, statistics, computer science, Neuroscience, neurobiology, physics, and electrical engineering. A key measure in information theory is information entropy, entropy. Entropy quantifies the amount of uncertainty involved in the value of a random variable or the outcome of a random process. For example, identifying the outcome of a Fair coin, fair coin flip (which has two equally likely outcomes) provides less information (lower entropy, less uncertainty) than identifying the outcome from a roll of a dice, die (which has six equally likely outcomes). Some other important measu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Television Tuner
In electronics and radio, a tuner is a type of receiver subsystem that receives RF transmissions, such as AM or FM broadcasts, and converts the selected carrier frequency into a form suitable for further processing or output, such as to an amplifier or loudspeaker. A tuner is also a standalone home audio product, component, or device called an AM/FM tuner or a stereo tuner that is part of a hi-fi or stereo system, or a TV tuner for television broadcasts. The verb ''tuning'' in radio contexts means adjusting the receiver to detect the desired radio signal carrier frequency that a particular radio station uses. Tuners were a major consumer electronics product in the 20th century but in practice are often integrated into other products in the modern day, such as stereo or AV receivers or portable radios. Design history and overview The purpose of a tuner's design is to reduce noise and have a strong ability to amplify the wanted signal. Tuners may be monophonic or s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disk Read-and-write Head
A disk read-and-write head is the small part of a disk drive that moves above the disk platter and transforms the platter's magnetic field into electric current (reads the disk) or, vice versa, transforms electric current into magnetic field (writes the disk). The heads have gone through a number of changes over the years. In a hard drive, the heads ''fly'' above the disk surface with clearance of as little as 3 nanometres. The flying height has been decreasing with each new generation of technology to enable higher areal density. The flying height of the head is controlled by the design of an air bearing etched onto the disk-facing surface of the ''slider''. The role of the air bearing is to maintain the flying height constant as the head moves over the surface of the disk. The air bearings are carefully designed to maintain the same height across the entire platter, despite differing speeds depending on the head distance from the center of the platter. If the head hit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tape Head
''Tape Head'' is the seventh studio album by American rock band King's X, released in 1998 via Metal Blade Records. A music video was made for the song "Fade". "World" is a reworked song from the band's ''Sneak Preview'' demos. The controversial unreleased track "Quality Control" is included on the album, but has been re-titled to "Happy". The majority of the lyrics are now different, including the lack of profanity. The album cover picture is that of Doug Pinnick wrapped in recording tape. According to Pinnick, he brought the songs "Happy", "Cupid" and "Hate You", and Ty Tabor brought "Ocean" to the ''Tape Head'' recording sessions. All other songs were band created during the recording session. The song "Walter Bela Farkas" was recorded live August 8, 1996, at the Tramps nightclub in New York City. Track listing All songs written by King's X. Personnel * Doug Pinnick – bass, vocals * Ty Tabor – guitar, vocals * Jerry Gaskill – drums, vocals Additional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handset
A handset is a component of a telephone that a user holds to the ear and mouth to receive audio through the receiver and speak to the remote party using the built-in transmitter. In earlier telephones, the transmitter was mounted directly on the telephone itself, which was attached to a wall at a convenient height or placed on a desk or table. Until the advent of the cordless telephone, the handset was usually wired to the base unit, typically by a flexible tinsel wire cord. The handset of a cordless telephone contains a radio transceiver which relays communication via a base station that is wired to the telephone line. A mobile phone does not require a base station and communicates directly with a cell site in designated frequency bands. Handset symbol A graphic symbol that designates a handset is used on cordless and mobile phones to specify placing or ending a telephone call. Usually a button with green upright (off-hook) handset icon is used for starting a call, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Audio Headset
A headset is a combination of headphone and microphone. Headsets connect over a telephone or to a computer, allowing the user to speak and listen while keeping both hands free. They are commonly used in customer service and technical support centers, where employees can converse with customers while typing information into a computer. They are also common among computer gamers and let them talk with each other and hear others while using their keyboards and mice to play the game. Types Telephone headsets generally use loudspeakers with a narrower frequency range than those also used for entertainment. Stereo computer headsets, on the other hand, use 32-ohm speakers with a broader frequency range. Mono and stereo Headsets are available in single-earpiece and double-earpiece designs. Double-earpiece headsets may support stereo sound or use the same monaural audio channel for both ears. Single-earpiece headsets free up one ear, allowing better awareness of surroundings. Teleph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speaker System
A loudspeaker (commonly referred to as a speaker or, more fully, a speaker system) is a combination of one or more speaker drivers, an Loudspeaker enclosure, enclosure, and electrical connections (possibly including a Audio crossover, crossover network). The speaker driver is an Acoustical engineering#Electroacoustics, electroacoustic transducer that converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound. The driver is a linear motor connected to a Diaphragm (acoustics), diaphragm, which transmits the motor's movement to produce sound by moving air. An audio signal, typically originating from a microphone, recording, or radio broadcast, is electronically amplified to a power level sufficient to drive the motor, reproducing the sound corresponding to the original unamplified signal. This process functions as the inverse of a microphone. In fact, the ''dynamic speaker'' driver—the most common type—shares the same basic configuration as a dynamic microphone, which o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Receiver (modulated Ultrasound)
Modulated ultrasound is a technique for the transmission of audio information, comparable to radio. Ultrasound can be modulated to carry an audio signal (as radio signals are modulated). It is usually used to carry messages underwater at ranges under five miles. The received ultrasound signal is decoded into audible sound by a modulated-ultrasound receiver. A modulated ultrasound receiver is a device that receives a modulated ultrasound signal and decodes it for use as sound, navigational-position information, etc. Its function is somewhat like that of a radio receiver. Applications include use in underwater diving communicators as well as communication with submarines. Range limitation Due to the absorption characteristics of seawater, ultrasound (sound at frequencies greater than human hearing, or approximately greater than 20,000 hertz) is not used for long-range underwater communications. The higher the frequency, the faster the sound is absorbed by the seawater, and the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AV Receiver
An audio/video receiver (AVR) or a stereo receiver is a consumer electronics component used in a home theater, home audio, or hi-fi system. Its purpose is to receive audio and video signals from a number of sources, and to process them and provide power amplifiers to drive loudspeakers, and/or route the video to displays such as a television, computer monitor, monitor or video projector. Inputs may come from a tuner (radio), TV, FM, or AM tuner, satellite receiver, DVD players, Blu-ray Disc, Blu-ray Disc players, VCRs or video game consoles, among others. The AVR source selection and settings such as volume, are typically set by a remote controller. History A "radio receiver, receiver" in its most basic form is an amplifier, typically at least a two-channel stereo model, that has a built-in radio tuner. Over time, features were integrated that would otherwise require separate pieces of equipment, such as preamplifiers, equalizers, and multiple power amplifiers. As home enterta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FM Tuner
In electronics and radio, a tuner is a type of receiver subsystem that receives RF transmissions, such as AM or FM broadcasts, and converts the selected carrier frequency into a form suitable for further processing or output, such as to an amplifier or loudspeaker. A tuner is also a standalone home audio product, component, or device called an AM/FM tuner or a stereo tuner that is part of a hi-fi or stereo system, or a TV tuner for television broadcasts. The verb ''tuning'' in radio contexts means adjusting the receiver to detect the desired radio signal carrier frequency that a particular radio station uses. Tuners were a major consumer electronics product in the 20th century but in practice are often integrated into other products in the modern day, such as stereo or AV receivers or portable radios. Design history and overview The purpose of a tuner's design is to reduce noise and have a strong ability to amplify the wanted signal. Tuners may be monophonic or s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communication Channel
A communication channel refers either to a physical transmission medium such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed medium such as a radio channel in telecommunications and computer networking. A channel is used for information transfer of, for example, a digital bit stream, from one or several '' senders'' to one or several '' receivers''. A channel has a certain capacity for transmitting information, often measured by its bandwidth in Hz or its data rate in bits per second. Communicating an information signal across distance requires some form of pathway or medium. These pathways, called communication channels, use two types of media: Transmission line-based telecommunications cable (e.g. twisted-pair, coaxial, and fiber-optic cable) and broadcast (e.g. microwave, satellite, radio, and infrared). In information theory, a channel refers to a theoretical ''channel model'' with certain error characteristics. In this more general view, a storag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AM Tuner
In electronics and radio, a tuner is a type of receiver subsystem that receives RF transmissions, such as AM or FM broadcasts, and converts the selected carrier frequency into a form suitable for further processing or output, such as to an amplifier or loudspeaker. A tuner is also a standalone home audio product, component, or device called an AM/FM tuner or a stereo tuner that is part of a hi-fi or stereo system, or a TV tuner for television broadcasts. The verb ''tuning'' in radio contexts means adjusting the receiver to detect the desired radio signal carrier frequency that a particular radio station uses. Tuners were a major consumer electronics product in the 20th century but in practice are often integrated into other products in the modern day, such as stereo or AV receivers or portable radios. Design history and overview The purpose of a tuner's design is to reduce noise and have a strong ability to amplify the wanted signal. Tuners may be monophonic or stere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
