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Razing Of Kandanos
The Razing of Kandanos () refers to the complete destruction of the village of Kandanos in Western Crete (Greece) and the killing of about 180 of its inhabitants on 3 June 1941 by German occupying forces during World War II.MacDonald, Callum. ''The Lost Battle: Crete 1941'', The Free Press, 1993, .Mosier, John. ''Cross of Iron: The Rise and Fall of the German War Machine'', NY: Henry Holt & Co., 2006; . It was ordered by Generaloberst Kurt Student in reprisal for the participation of the local population in the Battle of Crete that had held advancing German soldiers for two days. The destruction constituted one of the most atrocious war crimes committed during the Axis occupation of Greece, occupation of Crete by Axis powers, Axis forces in World War II. Background Local resistance The Battle of Crete began on 20 May 1941 with a large-scale airborne invasion planned to capture the island's strategic locations. Kandanos is located on the road from Chania on the north coast t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-779-0003-22, Griechenland, Schild über Zerstörung Von Kandanos
The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (, lit. "Federal Archive") are the national archives of Germany. They were established at the current location in Koblenz in 1952. They are subordinated to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media ( Claudia Roth since 2021) under the German Chancellery, and before 1998, to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. On 6 December 2008, the Archives donated 100,000 photos to the public, by making them accessible via Wikimedia Commons. History The federal archive for institutions and authorities in Germany, the first precursor to the present-day Federal Archives, was established in Potsdam, Brandenburg in 1919, a later date than in other European countries. This national archive documented German government dating from the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867. It also included material from the older German Confederation and the Imperial Chamber Court. The oldest documents in this collection dated back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidecar
A sidecar is a one-wheeled device attached to the side of a motorcycle, Scooter (motorcycle), scooter, or bicycle, making the whole a three-wheeled vehicle. The combination of a motorcycle with a sidecar is sometimes called a ''rig'', ''outfit'', or ''hack''. History Jean Bertoux, a French army officer, secured a prize offered by a French newspaper in 1893 for the best method of carrying a passenger on a bicycle. The sidecar wheel was mounted on the same lateral plane as the bicycle's rear and was supported by a triangulation of tubes from the bicycle. A sprung seat with back rest was mounted above the cross-member and a footboard hung below. A sidecar appeared in a cartoon by George Moore in the January 7, 1903, issue of the British newspaper ''Motor Cycling (magazine), Motor Cycling''. Three weeks later, a provisional patent was granted to Mr. W. J. Graham of Graham Brothers, Enfield, Middlesex. He partnered with Jonathan A. Kahn to begin production. One of Britain's oldest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lindsay Inglis
Major-General Lindsay Merritt Inglis, (16 May 1894 – 17 March 1966) was a New Zealand military officer, lawyer and magistrate. Born in Mosgiel, he volunteered for service in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force during World War I. Inglis served on the Western Front and was awarded the Military Cross for his actions during the Battle of Flers-Courcelette. He ended the war as a company commander and returned to New Zealand in 1919. In civilian life, Inglis worked as a solicitor and barrister in Timaru and also served in the Territorial Force. He re-enlisted in the New Zealand Army during World War II and commanded the 4th Infantry Brigade in Allied campaigns in Crete and North Africa. Inglis had two periods in command of the 2nd New Zealand Division. After the war, he was appointed to a military court of the Allied Control Commission, which administered Allied-occupied Germany. He later served as chief judge of the Allied Control Commission's Supreme Court from 1947 to 1950 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kandanos Mahnmal
Kandanos or Kantanos (), also Candanos, is a town and former municipality in the Chania regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kantanos-Selino, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of . It was part of the former Selino Province which covered the southwest of the island. The community has 590 residents. History Nearby is the site of the ancient town of Cantanus. The town of Kandanos and its surrounding area suffered particularly badly from German occupation during World War II. During the Battle of Crete, resistance fighters had held advancing German soldiers for two days, preventing them from reaching Palaiochora to secure it. In retribution the occupiers razed the village to the ground and erected a sign: ''"Here stood Kandanos, destroyed in retribution for the murder of 25 German soldiers, never to be rebuilt again."'' The town was rebuilt however, and the sign retained in a war memori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Floria, Greece
Floria () is a small village in southwest Crete, Greece. Floria is part of the Kantanos-Selino municipality and, according to the latest census, has around 60 inhabitants. On 23 May 1941 and while the Battle of Crete was unfolding, Floria was the location of a fierce battle between advancing German troops and the local population, who spontaneously decided to resist them. In reprisal, a few days later German forces executed several of the villagers during an operation that resulted in the razing of Kandanos. Floria is also a name for a girl such as Florence or Florida. See also *Kandanos *Razing of Kandanos The Razing of Kandanos () refers to the complete destruction of the village of Kandanos in Western Crete (Greece) and the killing of about 180 of its inhabitants on 3 June 1941 by German occupying forces during World War II.MacDonald, Callum. ''T ... External links German occupation of Crete: Floria(in German -translate {{coord, 35, 22, 41.23, N, 23, 43, 53.36, E, region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horst Trebes
__NOTOC__ Horst Trebes (22 October 1916 – 29 July 1944) was a ''Hauptmann'' in the ''Fallschirmjäger'' of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Trebes participated in the Massacre of Kondomari and the Razing of Kandanos, both war crimes directed by ''Fallschirmjäger'' commander Kurt Student. He was killed in action in Normandy on 29 July 1944. Awards * Iron Cross (1939) ** 2nd Class (13 October 1939)Thomas & Wegmann 1986, p. 326. ** 1st Class (23 May 1940) * Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (), or simply the Knight's Cross (), and its variants, were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. While it was order of precedence, lower in preceden ... on 9 July 1941 as ''Oberleutnant'' and leader of the III./Fallschirmjäger-Sturm-RegimentScherzer 2007, p. 749. References Citations Bibliography * * External links * {{DEFAU ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oberleutnant
(English: First Lieutenant) is a senior lieutenant Officer (armed forces), officer rank in the German (language), German-speaking armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), the Austrian Armed Forces, and the Swiss Armed Forces. In Austria, ''Oberleutnant'' is also a designation for certain positions in the federal police and prison guards. In the former West Germany, it was also a rank in the Federal Border Guard (''Bundesgrenzschutz''). Occupied Austria Germany In the German Army, it dates from the early 19th century. Translated as "first lieutenant", the rank is typically bestowed upon commissioned officers after five to six years of active-duty service. is used by both the German Army and the German Air Force. In the NATO military comparison system, a German is the equivalent of a first lieutenant in the Army/Air Forces of Allied nations. ;Other uses The equivalent naval rank is ''Oberleutnant zur See''. In Nazi Germany, within the SS, Sturmabteilung, SA and Waffen-SS, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luftlande-Sturm-Regiment
Luftlande-Sturm-Regiment 1 (also known as ''Sturmabteilung Koch'') was a German ''Fallschirmjäger'' regiment in the Luftwaffe which captured the Belgian Fort Eben-Emael during the Battle of Belgium, took part in the Battle of Crete, and fought on the Eastern Front during World War II. Operational history The Battalion was formed in November 1939; it was named after its commander, Captain Walter Koch, as Assault Battalion ''Koch''. It was intended to open the way into central Belgium by capturing the formidable Fort Eben-Emael defending the Albert Canal as well three bridges over the canal. The DFS 230 gliders were to be used to allow the assault groups to silently land virtually on top of their objectives, surprising the defenders and preventing them from destroying the bridge. The airborne assault took place on 10 May 1940. The Belgian defenders were unable to muster any serious counterattacks against the paratroops. Two more battalions were formed during the fall of 1940 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacre Of Kondomari
The Massacre of Kondomari () was the execution of male civilians from the village of Kondomari in Crete by an ''ad hoc'' firing squad consisting of German paratroopers on 2 June 1941 during World War II.Heaton, C.D. ''German Anti-partisan Warfare in Europe, 1939–1945'', Schiffer Pub., 2001, .Mazower, Mark. ''Inside Hitler's Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941–44'', Yale University Press, 2001, . The shooting was the first of a series of reprisals in Crete, orchestrated by ''Generaloberst'' Kurt Student, in retaliation for the participation of Cretans in the Battle of Crete which had ended with the surrender of the island two days earlier. The massacre was photographed by Franz-Peter Weixler, a German army war propaganda correspondent, whose negatives were discovered 39 years later in the federal German archives by a Greek journalist. Background Geography The village of Kondomari is part of the Platanias municipality and is located near the north coast of Crete, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-166-0526-05, Kreta, Auszeichnung Von Fallschirmjägern
The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (, lit. "Federal Archive") are the national archives of Germany. They were established at the current location in Koblenz in 1952. They are subordinated to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media (Claudia Roth since 2021) under the German Chancellery, and before 1998, to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. On 6 December 2008, the Archives donated 100,000 photos to the public, by making them accessible via Wikimedia Commons. History The federal archive for institutions and authorities in Germany, the first precursor to the present-day Federal Archives, was established in Potsdam, Brandenburg in 1919, a later date than in other European countries. This national archive documented German government dating from the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867. It also included material from the older German Confederation and the Imperial Chamber Court. The oldest documents in this collection dated back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unlawful Combatant
An unlawful combatant, illegal combatant, or unprivileged combatant/belligerent is a person who directly engages in armed conflict and is considered a terrorist and therefore is deemed not to be a lawful combatant protected by the Geneva Conventions. The International Committee of the Red Cross points out that the terms "unlawful combatant", "illegal combatant" or "unprivileged combatant/belligerent" are not defined in any international agreements. While the concept of an unlawful combatant is included in the Third Geneva Convention, the phrase itself does not appear in the document. Article 4 of the Third Geneva Convention does describe categories under which a person may be entitled to prisoner of war status. There are other international treaties that deny lawful combatant status for mercenaries and children. The Geneva Conventions apply in wars between two or more opposing sovereign states. They do not apply to civil wars between state forces, whether territorial or third ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
