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Radical Pro-Beijing
The pro-Beijing camp, pro-establishment camp or pro-China camp is a political alignment in Hong Kong which generally supports the policies of the Beijing central government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) towards Hong Kong. The term "pro-establishment camp" is regularly in use to label the broader segment of the Hong Kong political arena which has the closer relationship with the establishment, namely the governments of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). Pro-Beijing politicians are labeled "patriots" by pro-Beijing media and "loyalists" by the rival pro-democracy camp. The pro-Beijing camp evolved from Hong Kong's pro-CCP faction, often called "Leftists", which acted under the direction of the CCP. It launched the 1967 Hong Kong riots against British colonial rule in Hong Kong and had a long rivalry with the pro-Kuomintang bloc. After the Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed in 1984, affirming Chinese so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pro-Beijing Camp (Macau)
The pro-Beijing camp, pro-establishment camp or pro-China camp ( or ; , or ) is a political alignment in Macau which supports the policies and views of the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party before and after the handover of Macau on 20 December 1999. The term can be used to identify politicians, political parties and individuals. Their rivals are the pro-democracy camp. History Prior to handover Some of the political groups within the pro-establishment camp, such as the Union for Development and Progress Promotion Union have had a long history of following the directions of the People's Republic of China and of loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party since the colonial period. Policies Pro-establishment members are united by the political ideology or economic policies of being closer to Beijing, as much out of pragmatism as of conviction, but vary on other issues within the context of Macau. Members of the camp Civil organisations, individual social activi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s United front (China), united front system. Its members advise and put proposals for political and social issues to government bodies. However, the CPPCC is a body without real legislative power. While consultation does take place, it is supervised and directed by the CCP. The organizational hierarchy of the CPPCC consists of a National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, National Committee and regional committees. Regional committees extend to the Provinces of China, provincial, Prefecture-level divisions of China, prefecture, and Counties of China, county level. According to the Charter of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, charter of the CPPCC, the relationship between the National Committee and the regional committees is one of guidance and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Functional Constituency (Hong Kong)
In the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, a functional constituency is a professional or special interest group that elects members to the legislature. Eligible voters in a functional constituency may include natural persons as well as other designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations. (See: legal personality) History The concept of functional constituencies (FC) in Hong Kong was first developed in the release of "Green Paper: A Pattern of District Administration in Hong Kong" on 18 July 1984 when indirect elections were introduced to the Legislative Council for the first time. The paper suggested that the Legislative Council create 24 seats with 12 seats from different professional interest groups. The 11 original functional constituencies created in 1985 were: * Commercial (First), First Commercial (Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, HKGCC) * Commercial (Second), Second Commercial (Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, CGCC) * Industrial (First), First ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handover Of Hong Kong
The handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China was at midnight on 1 July 1997. This event ended 156 years of British rule in the former colony, which began in 1841. Hong Kong was established as a special administrative region of China (SAR) for 27 years, maintaining its own economic and governing systems from those of mainland China during this time, although influence from the central government in Beijing increased after the passing of the Hong Kong national security law in 2020. Hong Kong had been a colony of the British Empire since 1841, except for four years of Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945. After the First Opium War, its territory was expanded in 1860 with the addition of Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters Island, and in 1898, when Britain obtained a 99-year lease for the New Territories. The date of the handover in 1997 marked the end of this lease. The 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration had set the conditions unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Front In Hong Kong
The united front is a strategy directed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Government of China to consolidate their control over Hong Kong. To accomplish this aim, a number of different strategies have been used since the 1980s.Horlemann, Ralf. 002(2002). Hong Kong's transition to Chinese Rule. Routledge. . Today the control is mostly done through manipulation of local elections. History 1960s–1970s The Hong Kong and Kowloon Federation of Trade Unions (FTU), an umbrella trade union for the local left-wing unions, was founded in April 1948. After the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, the local communists remained in their semi-underground status. In the early post-war days, the Hong Kong and Kowloon Federation of Trade Unions, the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce and the Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association became the three pillars of the local pro-CCP organs, following the orders of the New China News Agency, the ''de facto'' Communist China's re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sino-British Joint Declaration
The Sino-British Joint Declaration was a treaty between the governments of the United Kingdom and People's Republic of China signed in 1984 setting the conditions in which Hong Kong was transferred to Chinese control and for the governance of the territory after 1 July 1997. Hong Kong had been a colony of the British Empire since 1842 after the First Opium War and its territory was expanded on two occasions; first in 1860 with the addition of Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters Island, and again in 1898 when Britain obtained a 99-year lease for the New Territories. The date of the handover in 1997 marked the end of this lease. The Chinese government declared in the treaty its basic policies for governing Hong Kong after the transfer. A special administrative region would be established in the territory that would be self-governing with a high degree of autonomy, except in foreign affairs and defence. Hong Kong would maintain its existing governing and economic systems s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pro-ROC Camp (Hong Kong)
The pro-Republic of China camp (), or the pro-Kuomintang camp (), is a political alignment in Hong Kong. It generally pledges allegiance to the Government of the Republic of China, Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan and the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party). The Pro-Republic of China, pro-ROC camp were called "Rightists" and was one of the two major political forces in Hong Kong during the first decades of the post-war period of the British Hong Kong, British colony of Hong Kong. The pro-ROC camp, who competed with the pro-Beijing camp, pro-Communist "Leftists", has gradually declined in numbers after the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, Republic of China's departure from the United Nations in 1971 and the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration in 1984 which decided Hong Kong's sovereignty to be handed over to the People's Republic of China (PRC). Today, it is generally aligned with the pro-democracy camp in Hong Kong and the Pan-Blue Coalition in Tai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Hong Kong
Hong Kong was under British Empire, British rule from 1841 to 1997, except for a Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, brief period of Japanese occupation during World War II from 1941 to 1945. It was a crown colony of the United Kingdom from 1841 to 1981, and a British Dependent Territory, dependent territory from 1981 to 1997. The colonial period began with the British occupation of Hong Kong Island under the Convention of Chuenpi in 1841 of the Victorian era, and ended with the handover of Hong Kong to the China, People's Republic of China in July 1997. In accordance with Art. III of the Treaty of Nanking of 1842, signed in the aftermath of the First Opium War, the island of Hong Kong was ceded in perpetuity to Great Britain. It was established as a Crown colony in 1843. In 1860, the British expanded the colony with the addition of the Kowloon Peninsula and was further extended in 1898 when the British obtained Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, a 99-year lease ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1967 Hong Kong Riots
The 1967 Hong Kong riots were large-scale anti-government riots that occurred in Hong Kong during British colonial rule. Beginning as a minor labour dispute, the demonstrations eventually escalated into protests against the colonial government. The protests were partially inspired by successful anti-colonial demonstrations in Portuguese Macau which had occurred a few months prior. The use of roadside bombs and petrol bombs by demonstrators prompted the Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) to raid the demonstrators' strongholds and arrest their leaders. Fifty-one people were killed in the subsequent violence. As many of the bombs were made in pro-Chinese Communist Party (CCP) schools, then governor David Trench decided to close those schools and ban pro-CCP publications in the colony. The protests occurred against the backdrop of the Cultural Revolution taking place in the People's Republic of China (mainland China), with many of the protesters harbouring leftist views and sympat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pro-democracy Camp (Hong Kong)
The pro-democracy camp, also known as the pan-democracy camp, is a political alignment in Hong Kong that supports increased democracy, namely the universal suffrage of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, Chief Executive and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, Legislative Council as given by the Basic Law of Hong Kong, Basic Law under the "One Country, Two Systems" framework. The pro-democrats generally embrace liberalism, liberal values such as rule of law, human rights, civil liberties and social justice, though their economic positions vary. They are often referred to as the "opposition camp" as they have consistently been the minority camp within the Legislative Council, and because of their non-cooperative and sometimes confrontational stance towards the Government of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and Central People's Government, Chinese central governments. Opposite to the pro-democracy camp is the Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong), pro-Beijing camp, whose members are perceived as bei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (commonly known as the Hong Kong Government or HKSAR Government) is the Executive (government), executive authorities of Hong Kong. It was established on 1 July 1997, following the handover of Hong Kong. The Chief Executive of Hong Kong, Chief Executive and the Principal officials of Hong Kong, principal officials are appointed by the State Council of the People's Republic of China in accordance with the outcome of local processes. The Government Secretariat (Hong Kong), Government Secretariat is headed by the Chief Secretary for Administration, Chief Secretary of Hong Kong, who is the most senior principal official of the Government. The Chief Secretary and the other Secretary of State, secretaries jointly oversee the administration of Hong Kong, give advice to the Chief Executive as members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong, Executive Council, and are Accountability#Political accountability, accountable for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Establishment
In sociology and in political science, the term the establishment describes the dominant social group, the elite who control a polity, an organization, or an institution. In the Praxis (process), praxis of wealth and Power (social and political), power, the Establishment usually is a self-selecting, closed elite entrenched within specific institutions — hence, a relatively small social class can exercise all socio-political control. In 1955, the journalist Henry Fairlie popularized the contemporary usage of the term ''The Establishment'' to denote the network of socially prominent and politically important people: Consequently, the term ''the Establishment'' became common usage in the press of London; The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' cites Fairlie's column originating the British usages of the term ''the Establishment'', as in the State religion, established church denoting the official Church of England. Moreover, in sociologic jargon, an Emic and etic, outsider is the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
