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Purple Bacteria
Purple bacteria or purple photosynthetic bacteria are Gram-negative proteobacteria that are phototrophic, capable of producing their own food via photosynthesis. They are pigmented with bacteriochlorophyll ''a'' or ''b'', together with various carotenoids, which give them colours ranging between purple, red, brown, and orange. They may be divided into two groups – purple sulfur bacteria ( Chromatiales, in part) and purple non-sulfur bacteria. Purple bacteria are anoxygenic phototrophs widely spread in nature, but especially in aquatic environments, where there are anoxic conditions that favor the synthesis of their pigments. Taxonomy All purple bacteria belong in the phylum of Pseudomonadota. This phylum was established as Proteobacteria by Carl Woese in 1987 calling it "purple bacteria and their relatives". Purple bacteria are distributed between 3 classes: ''Alphaproteobacteria'', ''Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria'' each characterized by a photosynthetic phenot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenotype
In genetics, the phenotype () is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology (physical form and structure), its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties, and its behavior. An organism's phenotype results from two basic factors: the expression of an organism's genetic code (its genotype) and the influence of environmental factors. Both factors may interact, further affecting the phenotype. When two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species, the species is called polymorphic. A well-documented example of polymorphism is Labrador Retriever coloring; while the coat color depends on many genes, it is clearly seen in the environment as yellow, black, and brown. Richard Dawkins in 1978 and again in his 1982 book '' The Extended Phenotype'' suggested that one can regard bird nests and other built structures such as caddisfly larva cases and beaver dams ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodobiaceae
The Rhodobiaceae are a family of bacteria Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micr .... References Hyphomicrobiales {{Rhizobiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodomicrobium
''Rhodomicrobium'' is a microaerobic to anaerobic, purple non-sulfur, cluster-building genus of bacteria. ''Rhodomicrobium'' uses bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll b for photosynthesis Photosynthesis ( ) is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabo ... and occurs in fresh- and sea-water and in soil References Further reading * * * * Hyphomicrobiales Bacteria genera {{Hyphomicrobiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphomicrobiaceae
The Hyphomicrobiaceae are a family of bacteria. Among others, they include '' Rhodomicrobium'', a genus of purple bacteria. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclatu ... (LPSN). The phylogeny is based on whole-genome analysis. References Hyphomicrobiales {{Hyphomicrobiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris
''Rhodopseudomonas palustris'' is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative purple nonsulfur bacterium, notable for its ability to switch between four different modes of metabolism. ''Rhodopseudomonas palustris'' is found extensively in nature, and has been isolated from swine waste lagoons, earthworm droppings, marine coastal sediments, and pond water. Although purple nonsulfur bacteria are normally photoheterotrophic, ''R. palustris'' can flexibly switch among any of the four modes of metabolism that support life: photoautotrophic, photoheterotrophic, chemoautotrophic, or chemoheterotrophic. Etymology ''Rhodopseudomonas palustris'' is usually found as a wad of slimy masses, and cultures appear from pale brown to peach-colored. Etymologically, ''rhodum'' is a Greek noun meaning rose, ''pseudes'' is the Greek adjective for false, and ''monas'' refers to a unit in Greek. Therefore, ''Rhodopseudomonas'', which implies a unit of false rose, describes the appearance of the bacteria. ''Palustris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrobacteraceae
The Nitrobacteraceae are a family of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. They include plant-associated bacteria such as ''Bradyrhizobium'', a genus of rhizobia associated with some legumes. It also contains animal-associated bacteria such as '' Afipia felis'', formerly thought to cause cat-scratch disease. Others are free-living, such as ''Rhodopseudomonas'', a purple bacterium found in marine water and soils. The strain ''Rhodopseudomonas palustris'' DX-1 can generate an electric current with no hydrogen production, a trait being explored in the development of the microbial fuel cell. The genus ''Afipia'' has also been found in the atmosphere, where it uses methylsulfonylmethane as a carbon source. The bacteria of this family derive their energy from oxidizing ammonia to nitrite, or by oxidizing nitrite to nitrate. They are commonly found in freshwater and soil. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphomicrobiales
The Hyphomicrobiale' (synonym Rhizobiales) are an order of Gram-negative Alphaproteobacteria. The rhizobia, which fix nitrogen and are symbiotic with plant roots, appear in several different families. The four families '' Nitrobacteraceae'', '' Hyphomicrobiaceae'', '' Phyllobacteriaceae'', and '' Rhizobiaceae'' contain at least several genera of nitrogen-fixing, legume-nodulating, microsymbiotic bacteria. Examples are the genera '' Bradyrhizobium'' and ''Rhizobium''. Species of the '' Methylocystaceae'' are methanotrophs; they use methanol (CH3OH) or methane (CH4) as their sole energy and carbon sources. Other important genera are the human pathogens '' Bartonella'' and ''Brucella'', as well as ''Agrobacterium,'' an important tool in genetic engineering. Taxonomy Accepted families * '' Aestuariivirgaceae'' Li ''et al''. 2019 * '' Afifellaceae'' Hördt ''et al''. 2020 * '' Ahrensiaceae'' Hördt ''et al''. 2020 * '' Alsobacteraceae'' Sun ''et al''. 2018 * '' Amorphaceae'' Hör ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodopila Globiformis
''Rhodopila globiformis'' is a species of bacteria, formerly known as ''Rhodopseudomonas globiformis''. It is a motile, spherical organism. Cells can grow between 1.6 and 1.8 μm in diameter. The photopigments consist of bacteriochlorophyll aP and aliphatic methoxylated ketocarotenoids. The organism grows under anaerobic conditions in the light or under microaerophilic conditions in the dark. Biotin, p-aminobenzoic acid and a source of reduced sulfur Sulfur ( American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphur ( Commonwealth spelling) is a chemical element; it has symbol S and atomic number 16. It is abundant, multivalent and nonmetallic. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms ... are required as growth factors in order to cultivate this bacteria. This bacteria possesses a high potential cytochrome c2. References Further reading * *Belova, Svetlana E.; Pankratov, Timofei A.; Detkova, Ekaterina N.; Kaparullina, Elena N.; Dedysh, Svetlana N. (July 20, 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetobacteraceae
Acetobacteraceae is a Family (biology), family of Gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the order Rhodospirillales, class Alphaproteobacteria. Two distinct clades are recognized: the acetic acid bacteria and a more heterogeneous group including acidophilic and phototrophic bacteria. The type genus is ''Acetobacter''. Ten genus, genera from ''Acetobacteraceae'' make up the acetic acid bacteria. History ''Acetobacteraceae'' was originally proposed as a family for ''Acetobacter'' and ''Gluconobacter'' based on rRNA and DNA–DNA hybridization comparisons in 1980. Genera Accepted Genera The following genera have been effectively and validly published: * ''Acetobacter'' Beijerinck 1898 (Approved Lists 1980) * ''Acidibrevibacterium'' Muhadesi ''et al''. 2019 * ''Acidicaldus'' Johnson ''et al''. 2006 * ''Acidiphilium'' Harrison 1981 * ''Acidisoma'' Belova ''et al''. 2009 * ''Acidisphaera'' Hiraishi ''et al''. 2000 * ''Acidocella'' Kishimoto ''et al''. 1996 * ''Acidomonas'' Urakami ''et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodospirillum Rubrum
''Rhodospirillum rubrum'' (''R. rubrum'') is a Gram-negative, pink-coloured bacterium, with a size of 0.8-1 μm. It is a facultative anaerobe with a large set of possible metabolisms depending on the conditions of its environment. It's capable of using oxygen for aerobic respiration under aerobic conditions, or an alternative terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration under anaerobic conditions. Alternative terminal electron acceptors for ''R. rubrum'' include dimethyl sulfoxide or trimethylamine oxide. Under aerobic growth photosynthesis is genetically suppressed and ''R. rubrum'' is then colorless. After the exhaustion of oxygen, ''R. rubrum'' immediately starts the production of photosynthesis apparatus including membrane proteins, bacteriochlorophylls and carotenoids, i.e. the bacterium becomes photosynthesis active. The repression mechanism for the photosynthesis is poorly understood. The photosynthesis of ''R. rubrum'' differs from that of plants as it possesses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodospirillaceae
The Rhodospirillaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota. The majority are purple bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria, producing energy through photosynthesis; originally all purple nonsulfur bacteria were included here.George M. Garrity, Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg, James T. Staley (Hrsg.): ''Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology''. Vol. 2: ''The Proteobacteria Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria''. 2. Auflage. Springer, New York 2005, Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt: The Prokaryotes, A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria''. Volume 5: Proteobacteria: Alpha and Beta Subclasses'' They are often found in anaerobic aquatic environments, such as mud and stagnant water, although they are able to survive in air. This family also includes ''Magnetospirillum'', which contains tiny chains of magnetite. These let it sense the Earth's magnetic field, which runs downwards as well as north or south, to ret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
