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Psilocybin Truffles
Magic truffles are the sclerotia of psilocybin mushrooms that are not technically the same as "mushrooms". They are masses of mycelium that contain the fruiting body which contains the hallucinogenic chemicals psilocybin and psilocin. In October 2007, the prohibition of hallucinogenic or "magic mushrooms" was announced by the Dutch authorities. The ban on mushrooms did not outlaw the hallucinogenic species in sclerotium form, due to authorities believing it to be weaker than the mushrooms. Psilocybin truffles which once made little sales became the only legal option to produce. Today, smart shops in the Netherlands offer magic truffles as a legal alternative to the outlawed mushrooms. Addiction and tolerance Physical addiction to magic truffles has never been documented. As the psychoactive constituent of magic truffles is psilocybin, the prodrug to psilocin, addiction is not possible by conventional definitions. Additionally, there is strong evidence to suggest there is littl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paddo Products Warmoesstraat Amsterdam April 2007
Psilocybin mushrooms, or psilocybin-containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms or as shrooms, are a type of hallucinogenic mushroom and a polyphyletic informal group of mushroom, fungi that contain the prodrug psilocybin, which turns into the serotonergic psychedelic, psychedelic psilocin upon ingestion. The most potent species are members of genus ''Psilocybe'', such as ''Psilocybe azurescens, P. azurescens'', ''Psilocybe semilanceata, P. semilanceata'', and ''Psilocybe cyanescens, P. cyanescens'', but psilocybin has also been isolated from approximately a dozen other genera, including ''Panaeolus'' (including ''Copelandia''), ''Inocybe'', ''Pluteus'', ''Gymnopilus'', and ''Pholiotina''. Amongst other cultural applications, psilocybin mushrooms are used as recreational drugs. They may be depicted in Stone Age rock art in Africa and Europe, but are more certainly represented in sculptures and glyphs seen throughout the Americas. Indoor cultivation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drug Tolerance
Drug tolerance or drug insensitivity is a pharmacological concept describing subjects' reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use. Increasing its dosage may re-amplify the drug's effects; however, this may accelerate tolerance, further reducing the drug's effects. Drug tolerance is indicative of drug use but is not necessarily associated with drug dependence or addiction. The process of tolerance development is reversible (e.g., through a drug holiday) and can involve both physiological factors and psychological factors. One may also develop drug tolerance to side effects, in which case tolerance is a desirable characteristic. A medical intervention that has an objective to increase tolerance (e.g., allergen immunotherapy, in which one is exposed to larger and larger amounts of allergen to decrease one's allergic reactions) is called drug desensitization. The opposite concept to drug tolerance is reverse tolerance, in which case the subject's reaction or effect wil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychedelic Mushroom Store
A psychedelic mushroom store, also known as a magic mushroom dispensary, is a retail outlet that sells hallucinogenic mushroom products. They are analogous to cannabis dispensaries. Spurred by the 21st-century psychedelic renaissance, by increasing societal acceptance of psilocybin mushrooms, and by loosening of regulations, psychedelic mushroom stores started to be opened and to gain popularity in the early 2020s in certain parts of the United States and Canada. There have also been earlier instances of such stores, for example in Europe in the 2000s. In addition, magic mushroom products are or have been sold by stores and cafes in other parts of the world. The stores may sell actual hallucinogenic mushrooms such as psilocybin mushrooms and ''Amanita muscaria'' mushrooms. Additionally or alternatively, they may sell mushroom edible products such as chocolate bars, gummies, or drinks that contain hallucinogenic mushroom constituents like psilocybin or muscimol or that contain synth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom Tea
Mushroom tea is an infusion of mushrooms in water, made by using Edible mushroom, edible/medicinal mushrooms (such as lingzhi mushroom) or psychedelic mushrooms (such as ''Psilocybe cubensis''). The active ingredient in psychedelic mushrooms is psilocybin, while the active ingredients in medicinal mushrooms are thought to be beta-glucans. Korea In Korea, mushroom teas known as ''beoseot-cha'' ( ) are made from edible mushrooms such as Phellinus linteus, black hoof mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, lingzhi mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, oyster mushroom, Sarcodon imbricatus, scaly hedgehog, and Lentinula edodes, shiitake mushroom. * ''Neungi-cha'' () – Sarcodon imbricatus, scaly hedgehog tea * ''Neutari-cha'' () – Pleurotus ostreatus, oyster mushroom tea * ''Pyogo-cha'' () – Lentinula edodes, shiitake mushroom tea * ''Sanghwang-cha'' () – Phellinus linteus, black hoof mushroom tea * ''Yeongji-cha'' () – Ganoderma lucidum, lingzhi mushroom tea See also *Kombucha, Kombucha (t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom Edible
A mushroom edible, also known as a psychedelic mushroom edible or hallucinogenic mushroom edible and sometimes as "legal shrooms", is a food item that may contain hallucinogens associated with those in psychoactive mushrooms, such as psilocybin mushrooms or ''Amanita muscaria'' mushrooms. They include chocolate bars and gummies, among others. Mushroom edibles have become increasingly popular in the United States in the 2020s. They exist in a legal gray area, and may or may not be illegal depending on the ingredients. One mushroom edibles brand, Diamond Shruumz, has been linked to hundreds of poisonings, including deaths. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned consumers not to buy or eat mushroom edibles. In addition, the FDA explicitly banned ''Amanita muscaria'' ingredients in food products in the United States in late 2024. The FDA is currently evaluating the use of ''Amanita muscaria'' and its constituents in dietary supplements, reminding manufacturers to ensure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drug Policy Of The Netherlands
While recreational use, possession and trade of non-medicinal drugs described by the Opium Law are all technically illegal under Dutch law, official policy since the late 20th century has been to openly tolerate all recreational use while tolerating possession and trade under certain circumstances. This pragmatic approach was motivated by the idea that a drug-free Dutch society is unrealistic and unattainable, and efforts would be better spent trying to minimize harm caused by recreational drug use. As a result of this ''gedoogbeleid'' (lit. "tolerance policy" or "policy of tolerance"), the Netherlands is typically seen as much more tolerant of drugs than most other countries. Legal distinctions are made in the Opium Law between drugs with a low risk of harm and/or addiction, called 'soft drugs', and drugs with a high risk of harm and/or addiction, called 'hard drugs'. Soft drugs include hash, marijuana, sleeping pills and sedatives, while hard drugs include heroin, coc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Tampanensis
''Psilocybe tampanensis'' is a very rare psychedelic mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. Originally collected in the wild in a sandy meadow near Tampa, Florida, in 1977, the fungus would not be found in Florida again until 44 years later. The original Florida specimen was cloned, and descendants remain in wide circulation. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) produced by the fungus are yellowish-brown in color with convex to conic caps up to in diameter atop a thin stem up to long. ''Psilocybe tampanensis'' forms psychoactive truffle-like sclerotia that are known and sold under the nickname "philosopher's stones". The fruit bodies and sclerotia are consumed by some for recreational or entheogenic purposes. In nature, sclerotia are produced by the fungus as a rare form of protection from wildfires and other natural disasters. Taxonomy The species was described scientifically by Steven H. Pollock and Mexican mycologist and ''Psilocybe'' authority Gastón Guzmán in a 1978 ''Mycot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Pajaritos
''Psilocybe'' ( ) is a genus of gilled mushrooms, growing worldwide, in the family Hymenogastraceae. Many species contain the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Taxonomy Taxonomic history A 2002 study of the molecular phylogeny of the agarics indicated the genus ''Psilocybe'' as then defined was polyphyletic, falling into two distinct clades that are not directly related to each other. The blue-staining hallucinogenic species constituted one clade and the non-bluing species the other. The previous type species of the genus, ''Psilocybe '' (now ''Deconica montana''), was in the non-bluing clade, but in 2010, the type species was changed to '' P. semilanceata'', a member of the bluing clade. A 2006 molecular phylogenetic study of the Agaricales by Matheny and colleagues, further demonstrated the separation of the bluing and non-bluing clades of ''Psilocybe'' in a larger, strongly supported phylogenetic tree of the Agaricales. ''Psilocybe'' had been placed ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Mexicana
''Psilocybe mexicana'' is a psychedelic mushroom. Its first known usage was by the natives of North and Central America over 2,000 years ago. Known to the Aztecs as teonanácatl, from the Nahuatl ''teotl'' ("god") + ''nanácatl'' ("fungus"). This species was categorized by French botanist Roger Heim. It was from this species that Dr. Albert Hofmann, working with specimens grown in his Sandoz laboratory, first isolated and named the active psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Uncertain of whether or not the artificially cultivated mushrooms would retain their natural psychoactive properties, Dr. Hofmann consumed 32 specimens. The following is his account of the experience, published in his classic text, ''The Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens'': As I was perfectly aware that my knowledge of the Mexican origin of the mushrooms would lead me to imagine only Mexican scenery, I tried deliberately to look on my environment as I knew it normally. But all voluntary effort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Galindoi
''Psilocybe galindoi'' is a psychedelic mushroom in the section Mexicana, having psilocybin and psilocin as its main active compounds. It is also known as ''Psilocybe galindii''. The species was named in honor of Mr. Carlos Galindo Arias and his family by Dr. Gastón Guzmán. Description *Cap: 1.9 – 2 cm in diameter, conic to campanulate or umbonate, with a very slight papilla, glabrous, even to striate when moist, hygrophanous, brown or yellowish brown fading to pale ochraceous or straw color. Staining blue-green where injured. *Gills: Adnate, brown to dark purple brown, with whitish edges. *Stipe: 5 — 6.5 cm x 1 – 2 mm, equal, hollow, no annulus, reddish brown in the middle, darker towards the base with long rhizomorphic strands. Veil inconspicuous, except for some white appressed silky fibrils on the pileus. *Spores: Dark purple gray in deposit. (8.1)9.6 — 12(14) x 7.1 — 8 μm, subrhomboid in face view or subellipsoid in side view(around 1 μm), yell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Atlantis
''Psilocybe atlantis'' is a rare psychedelic mushroom that contains psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. It is a close relative of ''Psilocybe mexicana'' and has been recorded only from Georgia. It has a pleasant taste and smell. While naturally rare it is often cultivated for its psychedelic properties. Description The cap is 2.5–4 cm in diameter, conic to convex, and smooth to slightly striate, sometimes with a small umbo. The cap surface is pale brown to reddish brown in color, hygrophanous, and bruises blue where damaged. Its gills are subadnate, thin, and brown. The stipe is 5 cm by .3 cm. It has an equal structure and is brownish with small brown scales, especially towards the base. The stipe also bruises blue where damaged. ''Psilocybe atlantis'' spores are 9 x 6 x 5.5 μm with a broad germ pore. Distribution and habitat ''Psilocybe atlantis'' has been found in grassy lawns and vacant lots in Fulton County, Georgia. The original find was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychopharmacology (journal)
''Psychopharmacology'' is an international, peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of psychopharmacology. It is the official journal of the European Behavioural Pharmacology Society and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. The current Coordinating editors of the journal are Trevor Robbins, Christelle Baunez, and Patricia Janak Patricia Janak is a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University who studies the biological basis of behavior through associative learning. Janak applies this research to pathological behaviors, such as addiction and posttraumati .... History The first issue of the journal was published in 1959. References External links * Pharmacology journals Neuroscience journals English-language journals {{pharma-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
