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Psilocybe
''Psilocybe'' ( ) is a genus of gilled mushrooms, growing worldwide, in the family Hymenogastraceae. Many species contain the Psychedelic drug, psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Taxonomy Taxonomic history A 2002 study of the molecular phylogeny of the agarics indicated the genus ''Psilocybe'' as then defined was polyphyletic, falling into two distinct clades that are not directly related to each other. The blue-staining Hallucinogenic mushroom, hallucinogenic species constituted one clade and the non-bluing species the other. The previous Type (biology), type species of the genus, ''Psilocybe '' (now ''Deconica montana''), was in the non-bluing clade, but in 2010, the type species was changed to ''Psilocybe semilanceata, P. semilanceata'', a member of the bluing clade. A 2006 molecular phylogenetic study of the Agaricales by Matheny and colleagues, further demonstrated the separation of the bluing and non-bluing clades of ''Psilocybe'' in a larger, strongl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Psilocybe Species
This is a list of species in the agaric genus ''Psilocybe''. __NOTOC__ #A, A #B, B #C, C #D, D #E, E #F, F #G, G #H, H #I, I #J, J #K, K #L, L #M, M #N, N #O, O #P, P #Q, Q #R, R #S, S #T, T #U, U #V, V #U, U #W, W #X, X #Y, Y #Z, Z A *''Psilocybe acadiensis'' Alexander H. Smith, A.H.Sm. *''Psilocybe acutipilea'' (Speg.) Gaston Guzman, Guzmán * ''Psilocybe aerugineomaculans'' (Hohn.) Rolf Singer, Singer & A.H. Sm. * ''Psilocybe allenii'' Borov., Rockefeller & P.G.Werner * ''Psilocybe alutacea'' Y.S. Chang & A.K. Mills *''Psilocybe angulospora'' Yen W. Wang & S.S. Tzean * ''Psilocybe angustipleurocystidiata'' Guzmán * ''Psilocybe antioquiensis'' Guzmán, Saldarr., Pineda, G. Garcia & L.-F. Velazquez * ''Psilocybe atlantis'' Guzmán, Hanlin & C. White * ''Psilocybe aquamarina'' (Pegler) Guzmán * ''Psilocybe aucklandiae'' Guzmán, C.C. King & Bandala * ''Psilocybe aztecorum'' R. Heim * ''Psilocybe azurescens'' Paul Stamets, Stamets & Gartz B * ''Psilocybe baeocystis'' Singe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe
''Psilocybe'' ( ) is a genus of gilled mushrooms, growing worldwide, in the family Hymenogastraceae. Many species contain the Psychedelic drug, psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Taxonomy Taxonomic history A 2002 study of the molecular phylogeny of the agarics indicated the genus ''Psilocybe'' as then defined was polyphyletic, falling into two distinct clades that are not directly related to each other. The blue-staining Hallucinogenic mushroom, hallucinogenic species constituted one clade and the non-bluing species the other. The previous Type (biology), type species of the genus, ''Psilocybe '' (now ''Deconica montana''), was in the non-bluing clade, but in 2010, the type species was changed to ''Psilocybe semilanceata, P. semilanceata'', a member of the bluing clade. A 2006 molecular phylogenetic study of the Agaricales by Matheny and colleagues, further demonstrated the separation of the bluing and non-bluing clades of ''Psilocybe'' in a larger, strongl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Semilanceata
''Psilocybe semilanceata'', commonly known as the liberty cap, is a species of fungus which produces the psychoactive compounds psilocybin, psilocin and baeocystin. It is both one of the most widely distributed psilocybin mushrooms in nature, and one of the most potent. The mushrooms have a distinctive conical to bell-shaped cap, up to in diameter, with a small nipple-like protrusion on the top. They are yellow to brown, covered with radial grooves when moist, and fade to a lighter color as they mature. Their stipes tend to be slender and long, and the same color or slightly lighter than the cap. The gill attachment to the stipe is adnexed (narrowly attached), and they are initially cream-colored before tinting purple to black as the spores mature. The spores are dark purplish-brown en masse, ellipsoid in shape, and measure 10.5–15 by 6.5–8.5 μm. The mushroom grows in grassland habitats, especially wetter areas. Unlike '' P. cubensis'', the fungus doe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybin
Psilocybin, also known as 4-phosphoryloxy-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (4-PO-DMT), is a natural product, naturally occurring tryptamine alkaloid and Investigational New Drug, investigational drug found in more than List of psilocybin mushroom species, 200 species of mushrooms, with Hallucinogen, hallucinogenic and Serotonin, serotonergic effects. Effects include euphoria, changes in perception, a distorted sense of time (via brain desynchronization), and perceived spiritual experiences. It can also cause adverse reactions such as nausea and panic attacks. Its effects depend on set and setting and one's subject-expectancy effect, expectations. Psilocybin is a prodrug of psilocin. That is, the compound itself is biologically inactive but quickly converted by the body to psilocin. Psilocybin is transformed into psilocin by dephosphorylation mediated via phosphatase enzymes. Psilocin is structural analog, chemically related to the neurotransmitter serotonin and acts as a binding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deconica Montana
''Deconica montana'', commonly known as the mountain moss Psilocybe, is a common species of mushroom. Its appearance is that of a typical " little brown mushroom" with a small, brown cap and a straight, thin stipe. It usually grows in mossy and montane regions around the world. Taxonomy ''Psilocybe montana'' was formerly the type species of the mushroom genus ''Psilocybe''. Because it does not contain hallucinogenic tryptamine derivatives like psilocybin or psilocin, it does not stain blue when handled, unlike other typical hallucinogenic members of this genus. Molecular studies in the late 2000s revealed that the genus was polyphyletic and consisted of two distinct clades separating the blueing species from the non-blueing species. Dividing the genus is problematic as the name ''Psilocybe'' was attached to ''P. montana'' and consequently to the non-blueing clade, leaving the hallucinogenic species without a generic name. Because the name is widely associated with the hall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Fimetaria
''Psilocybe fimetaria'' is a dung-loving mushroom in the genus ''Psilocybe''. Along with '' Psilocybe fuscofulva'', it is one of two ''Psilocybe'' mushroom species that has been found to contain no detectable levels of the psychoactive tryptamines psilocin, psilocybin, or others. In the case of ''Psilocybe fimetaria'', this may be due to some individual specimens having a very low concentration, or the species actually being a pair of morphologically similar species. Etymology *From the Latin word 'fime', meaning dung, and the standard Latin suffix '-arius', meaning engaged-in or structured. Description *Cap: 1.5 — 3.5 cm in diameter, papillate to convex, becoming umbonate to broadly convex in age. Surface even to translucent-striate near the margin, viscid when moist from a thick separable gelatinous pellicle. Often velar remnants on surface, typically around the margin. Pale reddish brown to ochraceous, hygrophanous, fading in drying to yellowish olive to ochraceous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Fuscofulva
''Psilocybe fuscofulva'' is a species of mushroom in that grows on ''Sphagnum'' moss and rarely decaying wood in peat bogs in North America and Europe. It, alongside ''Psilocybe fimetaria'', are the only species of ''Psilocybe'' that have been found with no psilocybin or psilocin content. The phylogenetic placement indicates its close relationship to '' Psilocybe silvatica'' and ''Psilocybe semilanceata''. It was previously most commonly known as ''Psilocybe atrobrunnea'' but the holotype does not exist and the neotype of this species was lost, so ''Psilocybe fuscofulva'', which was previously regarded as a synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ... but has a holotype, was resurrected to replace it. It is considered inedible. See also * List of ''Psilocybe'' specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deconica
''Deconica'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Strophariaceae. It was formerly considered synonym (taxonomy), synonymous with ''Psilocybe'' until molecular phylogenetics, molecular studies showed that genus to be polyphyletic, made of two major clades: one containing bluing, hallucinogenic species, the other non-bluing and non-hallucinogenic species. ''Deconica'' contains species formerly classified in the section (biology), sections ''Deconica'' and ''Coprophila'' of ''Psilocybe''. Taxonomy Until recently, ''Deconica'' was generally considered to be synonym (taxonomy), synonymous with ''Psilocybe'', and was originally named as a subgenus of ''Agaricus'' by Worthington George Smith in 1870. It was later raised to generic level by Petter Karsten in 1879. However, several molecular phylogenetics, molecular studies published in the 2000s demonstrated that ''Psilocybe'', as it was defined then, was polyphyletic. The studies supported the idea of dividing the genus int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galerina
''Galerina'' is a genus of small brown-spore saprobic mushroom-bearing fungi, with over 300 species found throughout the world from the far north to remote Macquarie Island in the Southern Ocean. The genus is most noted for some extremely poisonous species which are occasionally confused with hallucinogenic species of ''Psilocybe''. ''Galerina'' mushrooms are typically small and hygrophanous, with a slender and brittle stem. They are often found growing on wood, and when on the ground have a preference for mossy habitats. ''Galerina'' means ''helmet-like''. Taxonomic definition The genus ''Galerina'' is defined as small mushrooms of mycenoid stature, that is, roughly similar in form to ''Mycena'' species: a small conical to bell-shaped cap, and gills attached to a long and slender cartilaginous stem. Species have a pileipellis that is a cutis, and ornamented spores that are brown in deposit, where the spore ornamentation comes from an extra spore covering. Description ''Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychedelic Drug
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness". Also referred to as classic hallucinogens or serotonergic hallucinogens, the term ''psychedelic'' is sometimes used more broadly to include various other types of hallucinogens as well, such as those which are atypical or adjacent to psychedelia like salvia and MDMA, respectively. Classic psychedelics generally cause specific psychological, visual, and auditory changes, and oftentimes a substantially altered state of consciousness. They have had the largest influence on science and culture, and include mescaline, LSD, psilocybin, and DMT. There are a large number of both naturally occurring and synthetic serotonergic psychedelics. Most psychedelic drugs fall into one of the three families of chemical compounds: tryptamines, phenethylamines, or lysergamides. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushrooms
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or another food source. ''Toadstool'' generally refers to a poisonous mushroom. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, '' Agaricus bisporus''; hence, the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem ( stipe), a cap ( pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) on the underside of the cap. "Mushroom" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems; therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota. The gills produce microscopic Spore#Fungi, spores which help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Forms deviating from the standard Morphology (biology), morphology usually have more specific names, such as "bolete", "truffle", "puffball", "stinkhorn", and "morel", and gilled mushrooms t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strophariaceae
The Strophariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Under an older classification, the family covered 18 genera and 1316 species. The species of Strophariaceae have red-brown to dark brown spore prints, while the spores themselves are smooth and have an apical germ pore. These agarics are also characterized by having a cutis-type pileipellis. Ecologically, all species in this group are saprotrophs, growing on various kinds of decaying organic matter. The family was circumscribed in 1946 by mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith. Genera * The genus ''Stropharia'' mainly consists of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous annulus. Spore-print color is generally medium to dark purple-brown, except for a few species with rusty-brown spores. There is a great deal of variation, however, since this group, as presently delimited, is polyphyletic. Members of the core clade of ''Stropharia'' are characterized by crystalline acanthocytes among the hyphae t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
