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Proxy Firm
A proxy firm (also a proxy advisor, proxy adviser, proxy voting agency, vote service provider or shareholder voting research provider or proxy voting advisory businesses (PVABs)) provides services to shareholders (in most cases an institutional investor of some type) to vote their shares at shareholder meetings of, usually, listed companies. The typical services provided include agenda translation, provision of vote management software, voting policy development, company research, and vote administration including vote execution. According to their websites, not all firms provide voting recommendations and those that do may simply execute client voting instructions. The votes executed are called "Proxy Votes" because the shareholder usually does not attend the meeting and instead sends instructions - a proxy appointment - for a third party, usually the chairman of the meeting to vote shares in accordance with the instructions given on the voting card. Industry regulation In the Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institutional Investor
An institutional investor is an entity that pools money to purchase securities, real property, and other investment assets or originate loans. Institutional investors include commercial banks, central banks, credit unions, government-linked companies, insurers, pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, charities, hedge funds, real estate investment trusts, investment advisors, endowments, and mutual funds. Operating companies which invest excess capital in these types of assets may also be included in the term. Activist institutional investors may also influence corporate governance by exercising voting rights in their investments. In 2019, the world's top 500 asset managers collectively managed $104.4 trillion in Assets under Management (AuM). Institutional investors appear to be more sophisticated than retail investors, but it remains unclear if professional active investment managers can reliably enhance risk-adjusted returns by an amount that exceeds fees and expenses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shareholder Rights Directive 2007
The Shareholder Rights Directive, amended by the Directive (EU) 2017/828, establishes requirements in relation to the exercise of certain shareholder rights attached to EU-listed companies. It also establishes specific requirements in order to encourage shareholder engagement, in particular in the long term. The Shareholder Rights Directive 2007 replaced the First Company Law Directive 68/151/EEC. It set out minimum requirements relating to the holding of meetings in the EU. The directive was amended and largely extended by Directive 2017/828/EU of 17 May 2017, also known as SRD II, as regards the encouragement of long-term shareholder engagement. Contents The directive's structure is as follows: *Chapter Ia. Identification of shareholders, transmission of information, facilitation of exercise of shareholders' rights *Chapter Ib. Transparency of institutional investors, asset managers and proxy advisors *Chapter II on General meetings of shareholders including the remuneration of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egan-Jones Ratings Company
Egan-Jones Ratings Company is an American credit rating agency that is a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) founded in 1995 to provide "timely, accurate credit ratings." Egan-Jones rates the credit worthiness of issuers looking to raise capital in private credit markets across a range of asset classes. Typical issuers of rated securities include banks, asset managers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions. Based in Haverford, Pennsylvania, Egan-Jones positions itself as unique among NRSROs for being primarily investor-supported, a structure designed to minimize the potential for conflicts of interest in assessing credit quality. Egan-Jones also provides ESG and proxy advisory services. History Sean Egan founded a research firm Red Flag Research in 1992 while working as a banker at Chemical Bank. He hired Bruce Jones from Moody's who was working as an analyst, and renamed the company Egan-Jones. In December 1995, the company issued i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glass Lewis
Glass, Lewis & Co. (Glass Lewis) is a major American proxy advisory services company. As of spring 2019, Glass Lewis controlled 28% of the proxy advisory market for mutual funds; this makes it the second-largest company in the market behind Institutional Shareholder Services.Shu, Chong, The Proxy Advisory Industry: Influencing and Being Influenced (January 10, 2022). USC Marshall School of Business Research Paper, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3614314 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3614314 The primary services provided by Glass Lewis are research and recommendations for shareholder votes by institutional investors, including a digital platform for managing these votes and reporting. A large fraction of those investors follow the recommendations of Glass Lewis in lockstep, giving it outsize importance and impact on governance across the corporate sphere. Founded in 2003, Glass Lewis is headquartered in San Francisco and has offices in New York, Washington DC, Kan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institutional Shareholder Services
Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (ISS) is an American proxy advisory firm. Hedge funds, mutual funds and similar organizations that own shares of multiple companies pay ISS to advise (and often vote their shares) regarding share holder votes. As the leading firm in the industry, ISS commands a 48 percent market share as of 2021, with its nearest rival, Glass Lewis, holding a 42 percent market share. In response to ISS's recommendations to vote against fee-shifting provisions in the event of securities fraud litigation, some have criticized ISS and suggested that it needs to be regulated. History ISS was founded in 1985. With Disney announcing the combination of the CEO and chairman positions on October 6, 2011, past the date of shareholder proposal deadline, and increase CEO/chair pay, ISS called for a no vote against the four Nominating and Governance Committee board members at the 2012 annual meeting. ISS recommended to clients two candidates nominated by billionair ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institutional Investor Advisory Services
Institutional Investor Advisory Services India Limited (known colloquially as IiAS) is an Indian proxy firm that provides voting recommendations on shareholder resolutions of Indian listed companies. IiAS analyses shareholder resolutions to be addressed at AGMs, EGMs, postal ballots and Court Convened Meetings of nearly 300 companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange of India, and provides voting recommendations on these resolutions to institutional shareholders. The company was founded in 2010 and commenced operations in 2011. IiAS has been founded by Anil Singhvi and Amit Tandon. Anil Singhvi is a well-known financial expert in Indian markets and currently runs his own firm, ICAN Investors. Amit Tandon was earlier the CEO of Fitch Ratings in India. India's proxy advisory industry is relatively nascent – there are three firms, of which IiAS is the largest and the most established. Board of directors #Anil Singhvi, Founder non-executive dir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minerva Analytics Ltd
Minerva (; ; ) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. She is also a goddess of warfare, though with a focus on strategic warfare, rather than the violence of gods such as Mars. Beginning in the second century BC, the Romans equated her with the Greek goddess Athena.''Larousse Desk Reference Encyclopedia'', Book People, Haydock, 1995, p. 215. Minerva is one of the three Roman deities in the Capitoline Triad, along with Jupiter and Juno. Minerva is a virgin goddess. Her domain includes music, poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, weaving, and the crafts. Minerva is often depicted with her sacred creature, an owl usually named the "owl of Minerva" which symbolised her association with wisdom and knowledge, as well as, less frequently, the snake and the olive tree. Minerva is commonly depicted as tall with an athletic and muscular build. She is often wearing armour and carrying a spear. As an important Roman goddess, she ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PIRC Ltd , a chess opening starting with the moves 1. e4 d6
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PIRC may refer to: * Vasja Pirc, chess grandmaster * ''Parental Information and Resource Centers'', a program in the U.S. Department of Education * Pensions & Investments Research Consultants, a proxy advisor in the UK * Pittsburgh International Race Complex, a race track in Wampum, Pennsylvania * Police Investigations and Review Commissioner, a public body of the Scottish Government See also * Pirc Defence The Pirc Defence ( ) is a chess opening characterised by the response of Black to 1.e4 with 1...d6 and 2...Nf6, followed by ...g6 and ...Bg7, while allowing White to establish a with pawns on d4 and e4. It is named after the Slovenian grandmaste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sustainalytics
Sustainalytics is a company that rates the sustainability of listed companies based on their environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) performance. The company was born of a merger between Toronto-based Jantzi Research, which was founded in 1992 by Sustainalytics' current CEO Michael Jantzi, and its European counterpart. Following its acquisition of GES International on January 9, 2019, Sustainalytics had more than 600 employees with offices in 17 cities around the world and over 700 institutional investor clients. On April 21, 2020, Morningstar, Inc. acquired the remaining ~60% of Sustainalytics' shares to become the sole owner. Morningstar acquisition In 2016, Morningstar, Inc. released the first sustainability rating for mutual funds and exchange-traded funds based on Sustainalytics' company ESG research. In 2017, Morningstar, Inc. become a 40% shareholder in the company alongside senior management, Stichting Pensioenfonds Zorg en Welzijn (PGGM), ABN AMRO Group an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Securities And Markets Authority
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) is an agency of the European Union located in Paris. ESMA replaced the Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) on 1 January 2011. It is one of three European Supervisory Authorities set up within the European System of Financial Supervision, together with the European Banking Authority (EBA) and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA). Legal Force ESMA derives its legal force from the'' 'ESMA Regulation. This regulation governs ESMA's competencies and delimits its powers. Objective The ''ESMA regulation'' states in Article 1(5): "The objective of the Authority shall be to protect the public interest by contributing to the short-, medium- and long-term stability and effectiveness of the financial system, for the Union economy, its citizens and businesses." This mission is further specified in Article 1(6): Composition and Seat ESMA is structured as follows: a Board of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
