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Proparoxytone
In linguistics, a proparoxytone (, ) is a word with stress on the antepenultimate (third to last) syllable, such as the English language, English words "cinema" and "operational". Related concepts are paroxytone (stress on the penultimate syllable) and oxytone (stress on the last syllable). In English, most nouns of three or more syllables are proparoxytones, except in words ending in ''–tion'' or ''–sion'', which tend to be paroxytones (''operation'', ''equivocation''). This tendency is so strong in English that it frequently leads to the stress on derived words being on a different part of the root. For example, the root photograph gives rise to the nouns photography and photographer, ''family'' → ''familiar'' and ''familial''. (In many dialects of English, the ''i'' in ''family'' is even Schwa#American English, deleted entirely, and still has the stress in ''familial'' and ''familiar.'') In medieval Latin lyric poetry, a ''proparoxytonic'' line or half-line is one where th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antepenultimate
In linguistics, the ultima is the last syllable of a word, the penult is the next-to-last syllable, and the antepenult is third-from-last syllable. In a word of three syllables, the names of the syllables are antepenult-penult-ultima. Etymology Ultima comes from Latin ''ultima (syllaba)'' "last (syllable)". Penult and antepenult are abbreviations for ''paenultima'' and ''antepaenultima''. Penult has the prefix ''paene'' "almost", and antepenult has the prefix ''ante'' "before". Classical languages In Latin and Ancient Greek, only the three last syllables can be accented. In Latin, a word's stress is dependent on the weight or length of the penultimate syllable. In Ancient Greek, the place and the type of accent are dependent on the length of the vowel in the ultima. See also *Pitch accent **Acute accent ***Oxytone, paroxytone, proparoxytone **Circumflex ***Perispomenon, properispomenon **Grave accent ***Barytone *Rhyme *Stress (linguistics) *Syllable References *Herbert Weir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxytone
In linguistics, an oxytone (; from the , ', 'sharp-sounding') is a word with the stress on the last syllable, such as the English words ''correct'' and ''reward''. It contrasts with a paroxytone, stressed on the penultimate (second-last) syllable, and a proparoxytone, stressed on the antepenultimate (third-last) syllable. See also * Barytone *Paroxytone * Penult * Perispomenon *Proparoxytone * Properispomenon * Ultima (linguistics) *Stress (linguistics) In linguistics, and particularly phonology, stress or accent is the relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word or to a certain word in a phrase or Sentence (linguistics), sentence. That emphasis is typically caused ... References Phonology Ancient Greek Stress (linguistics) {{phonology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paroxytone
In linguistics, a paroxytone (, ') is a word with stress on the penultimate syllable, that is, the second-to-last syllable, such as the English language, English word ''potáto''. In English, most words ending in ''-ic'' are paroxytones: ''músic'', ''frántic'', and ''phonétic'' but not ''rhétoric'', ''aríthmetic'' (noun), and ''Arabic, Árabic''. In Italian language, Italian and Portuguese language, Portuguese as well as Spanish language, Spanish, most words are paroxytones. In Polish language, Polish, almost all multisyllabic words are paroxytones except for certain verb conjugations and a few words of foreign origin. In medieval Latin lyric poetry, a ''paroxytonic'' line or half-line is one in which the penultimate syllable is stressed, as in the second half of the verse "Estuans intrinsecus , , ira vehementi." Related concepts are proparoxytone (stress on the antepenultimate or third-to-last syllable) and oxytone (stress on the ultimate or last syllable). See also *B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxytone
In linguistics, an oxytone (; from the , ', 'sharp-sounding') is a word with the stress on the last syllable, such as the English words ''correct'' and ''reward''. It contrasts with a paroxytone, stressed on the penultimate (second-last) syllable, and a proparoxytone, stressed on the antepenultimate (third-last) syllable. See also * Barytone *Paroxytone * Penult * Perispomenon *Proparoxytone * Properispomenon * Ultima (linguistics) *Stress (linguistics) In linguistics, and particularly phonology, stress or accent is the relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word or to a certain word in a phrase or Sentence (linguistics), sentence. That emphasis is typically caused ... References Phonology Ancient Greek Stress (linguistics) {{phonology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paroxytone
In linguistics, a paroxytone (, ') is a word with stress on the penultimate syllable, that is, the second-to-last syllable, such as the English language, English word ''potáto''. In English, most words ending in ''-ic'' are paroxytones: ''músic'', ''frántic'', and ''phonétic'' but not ''rhétoric'', ''aríthmetic'' (noun), and ''Arabic, Árabic''. In Italian language, Italian and Portuguese language, Portuguese as well as Spanish language, Spanish, most words are paroxytones. In Polish language, Polish, almost all multisyllabic words are paroxytones except for certain verb conjugations and a few words of foreign origin. In medieval Latin lyric poetry, a ''paroxytonic'' line or half-line is one in which the penultimate syllable is stressed, as in the second half of the verse "Estuans intrinsecus , , ira vehementi." Related concepts are proparoxytone (stress on the antepenultimate or third-to-last syllable) and oxytone (stress on the ultimate or last syllable). See also *B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barytone
In Ancient Greek grammar, a barytone is a word without any accent on the last syllable. Words with an acute or circumflex on the second-to-last or third-from-last syllable are barytones, as well as words with no accent on any syllable: *τις 'someone' (unaccented) *ἄνθρωπος 'person' (proparoxytone) *μήτηρ 'mother' (paroxytone) *μοῦσα 'muse' ( properispomenon) Etymology Like the word baritone, it comes from Ancient Greek ''barýtonos'', from ''barýs'' 'heavy; low' and ''tónos'' 'pitch; sound'. See also *Pitch accent *Oxytone * Ultima (linguistics) References Herbert Weir Smyth Herbert Weir Smyth (August 8, 1857 – July 16, 1937) was an American classical scholar. His comprehensive grammar of Ancient Greek has become a standard reference on the subject in English, comparable to that of William Watson Goodwin, whom h .... ''Greek Grammar''paragraph 158 Phonology Greek grammar Ancient Greek {{AncientGreek-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics: "phonemics ''n.'' [''obsolescent''] 1. Any procedure for identifying the phonemes of a language from a corpus of data. 2. (formerly also phonematics) A former synonym for phonology, often preferred by the American Structuralists and reflecting the importance in structuralist work of phonemics in sense 1.": "phonematics ''n.'' 1. [''obsolete''] An old synonym for phonemics (sense 2).") is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any Linguistic description, linguistic analysis either: Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stress (linguistics)
In linguistics, and particularly phonology, stress or accent is the relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word or to a certain word in a phrase or Sentence (linguistics), sentence. That emphasis is typically caused by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length, full articulation of the vowel, and changes in Tone (linguistics), tone. The terms ''stress'' and ''accent'' are often used synonymously in that context but are sometimes distinguished. For example, when emphasis is produced through pitch alone, it is called ''Pitch-accent language, pitch accent'', and when produced through length alone, it is called ''quantitative accent''. When caused by a combination of various intensified properties, it is called ''stress accent'' or ''dynamic accent''; English uses what is called ''variable stress accent''. Since stress can be realised through a wide range of Phonetics, phonetic properties, such as loudness, vowel length, and pitch (which are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Properispomenon
In Ancient Greek grammar, a perispomenon ( ; ) is a word with a high-low pitch contour on the last syllable, indicated in writing by a tilde diacritic () or an inverted breve accent mark () in native transcriptions with the Greek alphabet, or by a circumflex accent mark () in transcriptions with the Latin alphabet. A properispomenon has the same kind of accent, but on the penultimate syllable. Examples: * , ''theoû'', "of a god", is a perispomenon * ''prâxis'' "business" is a properispomenon Etymology ''Peri-spṓmenon'' means "pronounced with a circumflex", the neuter of the present passive participle of ''peri-spáō'' "pronounce with a circumflex" (also "draw off"). ''Pro-peri-spṓmenon'' adds the prefix ''pró'' "before".. , ''perispomeni'', is the Greek name for the accent marks ( or ) used above Greek letters, also known as , ''oxýbarys'', "high-low" or "acute-grave", and its original form as a circumflex accent () was combining the acute () and grave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penult
''Penult'' is a linguistics term for the second-to-last syllable of a word. It is an abbreviation of ''penultimate'', which describes the next-to-last item in a series. The penult follows the antepenult and precedes the ultima. For example, the main stress falls on the penult in such English words as ''banána'', and ''Mississíppi'', and just about all words ending in ''-ic'' such as ''músic'', ''frántic'', and ''phonétic''. Occasionally, "penult" refers to the last word but one of a sentence. The terms are often used in reference to languages like Latin and Ancient Greek, whose position of the pitch accent or stress of a word falls only on one of the last three syllables, and sometimes in discussing poetic meter. In certain languages, such as Welsh and Polish, stress is always on the penult. in the World A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulysses (novel)
''Ulysses'' is a modernist novel by the Irish writer James Joyce. Partially serialised in the American journal '' The Little Review'' from March 1918 to December 1920, the entire work was published in Paris by Sylvia Beach on 2 February 1922, Joyce's fortieth birthday. It is considered one of the most important works of modernist literature and a classic of the genre, having been called "a demonstration and summation of the entire movement". ''Ulysses'' chronicles the experiences of three Dubliners over the course of a single day, 16 June 1904 (which its fans now celebrate annually as Bloomsday). Ulysses is the Latinised name of Odysseus, the hero of Homer's epic poem the '' Odyssey'', and the novel establishes a series of parallels between Leopold Bloom and Odysseus, Molly Bloom and Penelope, and Stephen Dedalus and Telemachus. There are also correspondences with William Shakespeare's play '' Hamlet'' and with other literary, mythological and historical fig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
