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Prohormone Convertase
Proprotein convertases (PPCs) are a family of proteins that activate other proteins. Many proteins are inactive when they are first synthesized, because they contain chains of amino acids that block their activity. Proprotein convertases remove those chains and activate the protein. The prototypical proprotein convertase is furin. Proprotein convertases have medical significance, because they are involved in many important biological processes, such as cholesterol synthesis. Compounds called proprotein convertase inhibitors can block their action, and block the target proteins from becoming active. Many proprotein convertases, especially furin and PACE4, are involved in pathological processes such as viral infection, inflammation, hypercholesterolemia, and cancer, and have been postulated as therapeutic targets for some of these diseases. History The phenomenon of prohormone conversion was discovered by Donald F. Steiner while examining the biosynthesis of insulin in 1967. At t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, Cell signaling, responding to stimuli, providing Cytoskeleton, structure to cells and Fibrous protein, organisms, and Intracellular transport, transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the Nucleic acid sequence, nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific Protein structure, 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called pep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nabil Seidah
Nabil G. Seidah, (born 1949) is a Canadian Quebec, Québécois scientist. Born in Egypt, he was educated at Cairo University, and subsequently at Georgetown University where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1973. He emigrated to Canada and has been working at the Clinical Research Institute of Montreal (IRCM) since 1974. He is the director of the laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology. He discovered and cloned seven (PC1, PC2, PC4, PC5, PC7, SKI-1 and PCSK9) of the nine known enzymes belonging to the convertase family. During this period, he also greatly contributed to demonstrating that the proteolysis by the proprotein convertases is a wide mechanism that also concerns “non-neuropeptide” proteins such as growth factors, α-integrins, receptors, enzymes, membrane-bound transcription factors, and bacterial and viral proteins. In 2003, he discovered PCSK9 and showed that point mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause dominant familial hypercholesterolemia, likely because of a gain of f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manual Than
{{disambiguation ...
Manual may refer to: Instructions * User guide * Owner's manual * Instruction manual (gaming) * Online help *Procedures manual *Handbook Other uses * Manual (music), a keyboard, as for an organ * Manual (band) * Manual transmission * Manual, a bicycle technique similar to a wheelie, but without the use of pedal torque * Manual, balancing on two wheels in freestyle skateboarding tricks * '' The Manual (How to Have a Number One the Easy Way)'' is a 1988 book by Bill Drummond and Jimmy Cauty See also * Instruction (other) * Tutorial In education, a tutorial is a method of transferring knowledge and may be used as a part of a learning process. More interactive and specific than a book or a lecture, a tutorial seeks to teach by example and supply the information to complete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregory Petsko
Gregory A. Petsko (born August 7, 1948) is an American biochemist and member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He is currently Professor of Neurology at the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital. He formerly had an endowed professorship (the Arthur J. Mahon Chair) in Neurology and Neuroscience at Weill Cornell Medical College and is still an adjunct professor of Biomedical Engineering at Cornell University, and is also the Gyula and Katica Tauber Professor, Emeritus, in biochemistry and chemistry at Brandeis University. On October 24, 2023, in a ceremony in the East Room of the White House, President Joe Biden presented Gregory Petsko and eight others with the National Medal of Science, the highest honor the United States can bestow on a scientist and engineer. As of 2020 Petsko's research interes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dagmar Ringe
Dagmar Ringe (born February 20, 1942) is an American biochemist, educator, and researcher. She is the Harold and Bernice Davis Professor in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, and holds appointments in the departments of chemistry and biochemistry. Education Ringe received the bachelor's degree in chemistry from Barnard College in New York, New York, in 1963. She earned the doctoral degree in chemistry under the direction of George Hein at Boston University in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1969. Academic career Following postdoctoral research appointments at the Fakultat der Universitat Munchen in Munich, Germany and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, she became instructor and senior lecturer in the department of chemistry at MIT. She joined the faculty at Brandeis University in 1990 as Lucille P. Markey Associate Professor, promoted to Lucille P. Markey Professor in 1994. She became the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Brenner (biochemist)
Charles Brenner (born October 30, 1961) is the inaugural Alfred E Mann Family Foundation Chair of the Department of Diabetes & Cancer Metabolism at the Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope National Medical Center. Brenner previously held the Roy J. Carver Chair in Biochemistry and was head of biochemistry at the University of Iowa. Brenner is a major contributor in the field of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism and has developed targeted, quantitative methods for NAD metabolomics. Brenner discovered eukaryotic nicotinamide riboside (NR) kinase and nucleosidase pathways to NAD. Brenner's work includes the first human trial of NR, which demonstrated safe oral availability as an NAD+ precursor. He has characterized ways in which NAD is disrupted by diseases and metabolic stress. Education and career Brenner graduated from Wesleyan University with a bachelor's degree in biology in 1983. After working for the biotechnology companies Chiron Corporation and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PCSK9
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an enzyme encoded by the ''PCSK9'' gene in humans on chromosome 1. It is the 9th member of the proprotein convertase family of proteins that activate other proteins. Similar genes ( orthologs) are found across many species. As with many proteins, PCSK9 is inactive when first synthesized, because a section of peptide chains blocks their activity; proprotein convertases remove that section to activate the enzyme. The ''PCSK9'' gene also contains one of 27 loci associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. PCSK9 is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. PCSK9 binds to and degrades the receptor for low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL), which typically transport 3,000 to 6,000 fat molecules (including cholesterol) per particle, within extracellular fluid. The LDL receptor (LDLR), on liver and other cell membranes, binds and initiates ingestion of LDL-particles from extracellular fluid into cel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboxypeptidase E
Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), also known as carboxypeptidase H (CPH) and enkephalin convertase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CPE'' gene. This enzyme catalyzes the release of C-terminal arginine or lysine residues from polypeptides. CPE is involved in the biosynthesis of most neuropeptides and peptide hormones. The production of neuropeptides and peptide hormones typically requires two sets of enzymes that cleave the peptide precursors, which are small proteins. First, proprotein convertases cut the precursor at specific sites to generate intermediates containing C-terminal basic residues (lysine and/or arginine). These intermediates are then cleaved by CPE to remove the basic residues. For some peptides, additional processing steps, such as C-terminal amidation, are subsequently required to generate the bioactive peptide, although for many peptides the action of the proprotein convertases and CPE is sufficient to produce the bioactive peptide. Tissue distribution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemojuvelin
Hemojuvelin (HJV), also known as repulsive guidance molecule C (RGMc) or hemochromatosis type 2 protein (HFE2), is a membrane-bound and soluble protein in mammals that is responsible for the iron overload condition known as juvenile hemochromatosis in humans, a severe form of hemochromatosis. In humans, the hemojuvelin protein is encoded by the ''HFE2'' gene. Hemojuvelin is a member of the repulsive guidance molecule family of proteins. Both RGMa and RGMb are found in the nervous system, while hemojuvelin is found in skeletal muscle and the liver. Function For many years the signal transduction pathways that regulate systemic iron homeostasis have been unknown. However it has been demonstrated that hemojuvelin interacts with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), possibly as a co-receptor, and may signal via the SMAD pathway to regulate hepcidin expression. Associations with BMP2 and BMP4 have been described. Mouse HJV knock-out models confirmed that HJV is the gene respons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazuhisa Nakayama
Kazuhisa (written: , , or ) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese video game developer *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese baseball player *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese baseball player *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese baseball player *, Japanese guitarist *, Japanese boxer, kickboxer and mixed martial artist *, Japanese rower See also *8582 Kazuhisa __NOTOC__ Year 858 ( DCCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – King Louis the German, summoned by the disaffected Frankish nobles, invades the West Frankish Kingd ..., a main-belt asteroid {{given name Japanese masculine given names Masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gary Thomas (academic)
Gary Thomas (1938 – January 1, 2008) was the ''Chancellor'' of the University of Missouri–Rolla (now known as Missouri University of Science and Technology (S&T) from 2000 to 2005. Career Thomas was the '' Provost'' and ''Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs'' of New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) in Newark, New Jersey from 1990 to 1998 prior to his appointment at S&T. He was the ''Vice-President for Research and Graduate Studies'' from 1997 through 1998 and ''Vice-President for Academic Affairs'' from 1980 to 1990. Personal life Thomas was raised in a rural community in northern California; his father was a sheep-shearer and farmer. He supported himself through college in a variety of jobs, including milking cows and driving a school bus. Although his parents were committed Mormons, Thomas considered himself an atheist. While at the University of California at Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
