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Prikaz
A prikaz (; , plural: ) was an administrative, judicial, territorial, or executive bureaucracy , office functioning on behalf of palace, civil, military, or church authorities in the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Tsardom of Russia from the 15th to the 18th centuries. The term usually suggests the functionality of a modern "ministry (government department), ministry", "office", "department", or "bureau"; however, in practice ''prikaz'' was historically applied to most governmental organizations regardless of their function or authority. In modern Russian, wikt:приказ, ''prikaz'' literally means an 'order' in the meaning of 'directive' or 'command'. Most of the ''prikazy'' were subordinated to the boyar duma. Some of them, palace ''prikazy'' (), were subordinated to the or , which answered directly to the tsar of Russia. The patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' had his own ''prikazy''. History Originally, ''prikazy'' were created by private orders given by the tsar to a certain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collegium (ministry)
The Collegium () was a type of government department in Russian Empire, Imperial Russia. It was established in 1717 by Peter I of Russia, Peter the Great to replace the system of Prikaz. They were housed in the Twelve Collegia building in Vasilyevsky Island, Saint Petersburg. In 1802, the Collegium was incorporated into and gradually replaced by the newly created Manifesto on the Establishment of Ministries, system of Ministries. Origin Following the formation of the Governing Senate in 1711, the Tsar Peter I sought to make more reforms on the imperial government bodies. He planned to replace the Prikaz with a new type of government agency, based on two new principles: # Systematic separation of departments, in order to avoid overlapping/omission of certain governmental duties under the Prikaz system; # Advisory procedure for resolving cases. Similar form of central government institutions were adopted in Sweden and a number of German states. In 1717, Collegium was introduced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Little Russian Office
The Little Russia Office () was a Muscovite state agency (Prikaz) and administrative body of the Tsardom of Muscovy in charge of affairs connected with the Cossack Hetmanate and the Left-bank Ukraine. Created on , the office existed until 1722 when it was transformed into the Collegium of Little Russia and moved to Hlukhiv. The Little Russia Office was part of the bigger Ambassadorial Office and since 1671 was chaired by the head of the office. Located in Moscow, since 1707 the agency had its resident general in the hetman's capital. Conditions of the office were expressed in articles (or statutes; {{langx, ru, статьи) which were concluded with every newly elected Hetman. Overview Noticeable is the fact that the Little Russia Prikase was created about a week later after the official confirmation of Hetman Pavlo Teteria in Chyhyryn after he was elected the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host earlier in October 1662. The prikase sanctioned an alternative elections of hetman which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Reform Of Peter The Great
The government reforms of Peter I aimed to modernize the Tsardom of Russia (later the Russian Empire) based on Western European models. Peter ascended to the throne at the age of 10 in 1682; he ruled jointly with his half-brother Ivan V. After Ivan's death in 1696, Peter started his series of sweeping reforms. At first he intended these reforms to support the Great Northern War of 1700-1721; later, more systematic reforms significantly changed the internal structure and administration of the state. Background During the Great Northern War (1700–1721), which dominated most of Peter's reign, Russia, along with a host of allies, seized control of the Baltic Sea from Sweden and gained considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe. The war, one of history's costliest at the time, consumed significant financial and economic resources, and the administrative system Peter had inherited from his predecessors strained to gather and manage resources. During his Grand Embassy (, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streletsky Prikaz
The ''Streletsky prikaz'' (), sometimes translated as the Streltsy Department, was one of the main governmental bodies (a ''prikaz'') in Russia during the 16th and 17th centuries which administered the streltsy. History The first reference to the ''Streletsky prikaz'' appears in 1571, but in the mid-1550s, it already existed under the name of ''Streletskaya izba'' (). The ''Streletsky prikaz'' was in charge of the Moscow and municipal streltsy, their lands and other properties, disbursement of their salary and bread allowances, and their cases in court. In 1672–1683, it also collected the taxes of the streltsy. After the streltsy uprising in 1698, the ''Streletsky prikaz'' was engaged in regular administrative and managerial matters. In 1701, it was transformed into the ''Prikaz zemskikh del'' (), inheriting the functions of the ''zemstvo A zemstvo (, , , ''zemstva'') was an institution of local government set up in consequence of the emancipation reform of 1861 of Imperi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsardom Of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan the Terrible, Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of per year. The period includes the Time of Troubles, upheavals of the transition from the Rurik Dynasty, Rurik to the House of Romanov, Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Swedish Empire, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented government reform of Peter I, substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after Treaty of Nystad, victory over Sweden in 1721. Name While the oldest Endonym and exonym, endonyms of the Grand Principality of Moscow used in its documents were "Rus'" () and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
В приказе московского времени
Ve (В в; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiced labiodental fricative , like in "vase". It can also represent . The capital letter Ve looks the same as the capital Latin letter B but is pronounced differently. Ve is commonly romanized by the Latin letter V (as described by ISO 9), but sometimes the Latin letter W is used instead, such as in Polish, or by the German Duden transcription. History Both Ve and the Cyrillic letter Be (Б б) were derived from the Greek letter Beta (Β β), which already represented in Greek by the time the Cyrillic alphabet was created. In the Early Cyrillic alphabet, its name was (''vědě''), meaning "I know". In the old Russian alphabet the name was ''vedi''. In the Cyrillic numeral system, it had the value of 2. Form The cursive, handwritten, and italic forms look rounded like the capital letter, or the Greek letter beta (). This form is also used in Bulgarian forms. Usage I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow
Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents within the city limits, over 19.1 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in Moscow metropolitan area, its metropolitan area. The city covers an area of , while the urban area covers , and the metropolitan area covers over . Moscow is among the world's List of largest cities, largest cities, being the List of European cities by population within city limits, most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest List of urban areas in Europe, urban and List of metropolitan areas in Europe, metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent. First documented in 1147, Moscow became the capital of the Grand Principality of Moscow, which led the unification of the Russian lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir, Russia
Vladimir (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Klyazma River, east of Moscow. It is served by a railway and the M7 motorway (Russia), M7 motorway. Population: History Vladimir was Vladimir-Suzdal, one of the medieval capitals of Russia, with significant buildings surviving from the 12th century. Two of its Russian Orthodox cathedrals, a monastery, and associated buildings have been designated among the White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In the past, the city was also known as Vladimir-on-Klyazma () and Vladimir-Zalessky (), to distinguish it from Volodymyr, Volyn Oblast, another Vladimir/Volodymyr in Volhynia (modern-day Ukraine). Foundation The founding date of Vladimir is disputed between 990 and 1108. In the ''Novgorod First Chronicle'', Vladimir is mentioned under the year 1108, and during the Soviet period, this year was decreed to be its foundatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ryazan
Ryazan (, ; also Riazan) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The city is located on the banks of the Oka River in Central Russia, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Ryazan had a population of 524,927, making it the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, 33rd most populated city in Russia, and the fourth most populated in Central Federal District, Central Russia after Moscow, Voronezh, and Yaroslavl.An older city, now known as Old Ryazan (), was located east of modern-day Ryazan during the late Middle Ages, and served as capital of the Principality of Ryazan up until the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus', Mongol invasion in 1237. During the Siege of Ryazan, it became one of the first cities in Russia to be besieged and completely razed to the ground. The capital was subsequently moved to Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky (), and later renamed to Ryazan by order of Catherine the Great in 1778. The c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preobrazhensky Prikaz
Preobrazhensky (masculine), Preobrazhenskaya (feminine), or Preobrazhenskoye (neuter), literally meaning "of the Transfiguration", may refer to: ;People * Preobrazhensky (surname) (''Preobrazhenskaya'') ;Places * Preobrazhensky (rural locality) (''Preobrazhenskaya'', ''Preobrazhenskoye''), several rural localities in Russia * Preobrazhensky Metro Bridge, the shortest rail bridge in Moscow, Russia * Preobrazhenskoye District, a district of Eastern Administrative Okrug in the federal city of Moscow, Russia *Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery, a cemetery in Moscow, Russia * Preobrazhensky Bridge, a railway and road bridge in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine ;Other *Preobrazhensky Regiment, one of the oldest regiments of the Imperial Russian army, recreated in 2013 for the Russian Armed Forces * Preobrazhensky prikaz ( ru), an establishment (''prikaz'') that oversaw the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky Regiments in the 18th century *154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment 154th Preo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duties
A duty (from "due" meaning "that which is owing"; , past participle of ; , whence "debt") is a commitment or expectation to perform some action in general or if certain circumstances arise. A duty may arise from a system of ethics or morality, especially in an honor culture. Many duties are created by law, sometimes including a codified punishment or liability for non-performance. Performing one's duty may require some sacrifice of self-interest. A sense-of-duty is also a virtue or personality trait that characterizes someone who is diligent about fulfilling individual duties or who confidently knows their calling. A sense-of-duty can also come from a need to fulfill familial pressures and desires. This is typically seen in a militaristic or patriotic way. A distinction is commonly made between "positive duties", which a person must undertake, and "negative duties", which relate to actions from which a person must refrain. Michael Freeman notes that negative duties may be eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
