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Potestaat Of Friesland
Potestaat (from Italian ''podestà'') was the supposed title of a governor of medieval Friesland. According to the legendary Karelsprivilege, a 14th-century forgery, Charlemagne had first granted the title of ''potestaat'' to Magnus Forteman. He and most of his early successors were entirely fictional, invented later by pseudohistorians in order to argue in favour of the notion of Frisian freedom. The title ''potestaat'' does not appear in historical documents until 1470. It became popular after 1578, when the idea of the inherited office of potentate was linked to the new office of stadtholder, which was held by the House of Nassau-Dietz. In 1851, Wopke Eekhoff compiled the following list in ''Beknopte Geschiedenis van Friesland'' ("Brief History of Friesland"). However, most of the list is fictitious, except for the last name, though constructed from names of leading 16th-century noblemen and their supposed ancestors.. * Magnus Forteman, ''fl.'' 809 (first recipient of the K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podestà
Podestà (, English: Potestate, Podesta) was the name given to the holder of the highest civil office in the government of the cities of Central and Northern Italy during the Late Middle Ages. Sometimes, it meant the chief magistrate of a city state, the counterpart to similar positions in other cities that went by other names, e.g. ''rettori'' ("rectors"). In the following centuries up to 1918, the term was used to designate the head of the municipal administration, particularly in the Italian-speaking territories of the Austrian Empire. The title was taken up again during the Fascist regime with the same meaning. The podestà's office, its duration and the residence and the local jurisdiction were called ''podesteria'', especially during the Middle Ages, and in later centuries, more rarely during the fascist regime. Currently, ''podestà'' is the title of mayors in Italian-speaking municipalities of Graubünden in Switzerland, but is not the case for the rest of the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicko Sjaerdema
Sikke Sjaardema (died 1260), alternatively spelled Sikko or Sicka, was the eighth potestaat of Friesland, a province of the Netherlands. The potestaat was the elected provincial ruler. Biography Sjaerdema came from Ylst or IJlst (Elostoe in Latin) and was elected to Potestaat by the men of Friesland in 1237. Count William II of Holland offered Sicko regional rule on the Friesian lands. Around the year 1250, Sjaardema made IJlst the province's capital where municipal laws were judged. Sicko had a military success in 1252. Abel, the "King of Norway" fell in East Friesland. The Frisians killed king Abel and many of his troops on 12 June 1252'' Annales Erphordenses'': "Abel rex Dacie" was killed "1252 pridie Kal Iul" by the Frisians Petrus Thaborita had the year as 1250 which is almost correct, and that Abel was king of Denmark. See also * List of rulers of Frisia Of the first historically verifiable rulers of Frisia, whether they are called dukes or kings, the last royal dynast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westergo
Westergoa was one of the seven sealands and one of the three that now lie within the borders of today's Dutch province of Friesland. Later it was one of the three goaen of Frisia. In the Middle Ages Westergoa most probably formed the political centre of the Frisian realm. Area On the eastern side Westergoa was bordered by the Middelsee, on the other side Eastergoa. On the south side it bordered with what originally was Bornegoa which was in the line with Terhernster Lake to the south of the coast, the eastern perimeter was with Doedingwerstal. All other borders were coastlines. 1200 Around 1200, Westergoa was divided into parts within the Westergoa area Franeker, Wildinge and Wymbrits, called the Fiefdielen (Five parts). Franeker and Wildinge have probably been the original Westergo. Wymbrits was added when begin 12th century when Sudergoa was no more. 1500 Around 1500 Het Bildt, was added to Westergoa but by the establishment of Sânwâlden, Gaasterland, D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haring Haringsma
Haring Harinxma (1323–1404) was a powerful Frisian chieftain and Schieringer who lived during the 13th and early 14th centuries. Haring also used the surname Donia, and is considered the patriarch of this well known Frisian family. Another title used by Haring was ''thoe Heeg'' meaning 'of Heeg', where he was born and lived. The Schieringers elected him potestate of Westergo (southwest corner of Friesland, modern Wymbritseradeel), together with Sjoerd Wiarda, van Gotum of Oostergo (eastern region of Friesland) in the struggle against the count of Holland in 1399. The appointment of Potestates aligned with the Schieringers lead to renewed factionalism between the Vetkopers and Schieringers. Seventeen 'Landsheeren' (sovereign lords) or Potestates served Friesland, from Magnus Forteman in 809 until the last, Juw Dekama, van Baard in 1494.''Beknopte geschiedenis van Friesland, in hoofdtrekken; bevattende een overzigt van de lotgevallen der Friezen en van de voornaamste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oostergo
Eastergoa (also Ostergau, Ostergo, or Oostergo) was one of the seven areas and one of the three '' Gaue'' within what is today the province of Friesland in the Netherlands. Area On its west side Eastergoa was bordered by the Middelsee with Westergoa on the other side of the water. To the south the Alde Leppedyk and the Boarn were the border with , and later with ( nl, Zeuvenwoolden). To the east it was bordered by the Lauwers, the Lauwerzee and the Westerkwartier of the Ommelanden (the western portion of the today's province of Groningen). 1200 The whole of this area belonged to Wininge and Achtkarspelen, which was at that point still a part of Eastergoa. Around 1200 Wininge comprised Dantumadeel, Dongeradeel and Ferwerderadeel ( fy, Dantumadiel, Dongeradiel, longname=yes and ') in the north and , Leeuwarderadeel and Tietjerksteradeel in the south ( fy, Idaarderadiel, Ljouwerteradiel, longname=yes, links=no and '). Around 1250 it was split into two parts called the '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schieringers
The Vetkopers and Schieringers ( fry, Fetkeapers en Skieringers) were two opposing Frisian factional parties from the medieval period. They were responsible for a civil war that lasted for over a century (1350–1498) and which eventually led to the end of the so-called " Frisian freedom". These factional parties arose because of an economic downturn that began in Friesland in the mid-14th century. Accompanied by a decline in monasteries and other communal institutions, social discord led to the emergence of untitled nobles called '' haadlingen'' ("headmen"), wealthy landowners possessing large tracts of land and fortified homes. The haadlingen derived their nobility not from having lands and titles conferred on them by King or Emperor but assumed power after the demise of the Hollandic counts before them. The haadlingen took over the role of the judiciary as well offering protection to their local inhabitants. Internal struggles between regional leaders resulted in bloody confli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sjoerd Wiarda
Sjoerd Pijbes Wiarda (in office 1399–1410) was the fifteenth potestaat (or elected governor) of Friesland now a province of the Netherlands. Sjoerd Wiarda born in 1355 and died in 1410. He was the son of Pybe Wyarda and Claer van Eminga. He lived on Wiarda estate at Goutum. He was the last potestaat to rule both Oostergo and Westergo. Wiarda was the leader in the fight against the Count of Holland. In 1398 he was a delegate to the convention with Willem van Beijeren, Count of Holland. He was elected in 1399, succeeding Odo Botnia as potestaat. In 1400 he fought as a Schieringer in the Battle of Dokkum and Camminghastins. Succession In 1400 there were several potestaats chosen for Oostergo and Westergo because of the religious disputes between Schieringers and Vetkopers. Haring Haringsma Haring Harinxma (1323–1404) was a powerful Frisian chieftain and Schieringer who lived during the 13th and early 14th centuries. Haring also used the surname Donia, and is considere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odo Botnia
Odo Botnia (died 1399) was the fourteenth potestaat (or elected governor) of Friesland, now a province in the Netherlands. Biography Odo was the son of Feicko Botnia, a nobleman of Marrum, who lived on the Botnia stins (stronghold or nobles house). He would have been a descendant of the old Odo Botnia, who had built a stins at Marrum by 900. This stins was still inhabited by Helena Botnia in the year 1708. She was the last of the Botnia family. Unlike his predecessors, he belonged to the party of Vetkopers. Odo would unflinchingly and "kloekmoedig", but have been a cruel soldier, who, with his brother-in-law Jackla Jeppema, fear spread among the Schieringers (a rival faction). With the withdrawal from the Foswerd, Odo by way of murders, fires and looting inflicted much harm on the Schieringers in Westergo. Menaldumer mieden The Schieringers Sytse Dekama and Gale Hania returned after seven years of service abroad with foreign powers. When they returned they found their two sti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gale Hania
Gale Hania (died 1380) was the thirteenth potestaat (or ruler) of Friesland, a province of Netherlands. Biography His name is also known written as Hanja or Hanya. Gale was born on the Hanya farm northeast of Pingjum, in the shire of Wonseradeel. The path alongside this farm is now called the Hanialaan. On July 4, 1380 around Arum a battle occurred between the monks of (near Midlum) and those of Oldeklooster Bloemkamp Abbey ( nl, Abdij Bloemkamp, also ''Oldeklooster''; la, Floridus campus) is a former Cistercian abbey in the Netherlands, located in Hartwerd in the municipality of Wûnseradiel to the north-east of Bolsward, in the province of Frieslan ... (near Hartwert), where a total of more than 130 men died. The nobles Sicke Gratinga and Gale Hania, were severely injured, and were taken back to Ludingakerk . From the family Hania there are three signatories to the Covenant of the Nobles, Jorryt, Otto and Leo Hania. See also * List of rulers of Frisia References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sytse Dekama
Sytse Dekama (as well as his successor Gale Hania from Weidum, chosen around 1397) was the twelfth potestaat (or magistrate ruler) of Friesland, which was in the time of the religious disputes between Schieringers and Vetkopers. There is little known about Sytse Dekama only historian Occo Scarlensis mentions Dekama. He succeeded Juw Juwinga Juw Juwinga (alias Jongema) of Bolsward was a Frisian chieftain that earned great fame in the struggle against the (Dutch) ‘infidels’. When Albrecht of Bavaria, count of Holland, threatened Friesland in 1396, Juw was chosen as potestate of Fr ... when he died in 1396. Potestaats of Friesland {{Netherlands-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert I, Duke Of Bavaria
Albert I, Duke of Lower Bavaria (german: Albrecht; 25 July 1336 – 13 December 1404), was a feudal ruler of the counties of Holland, Hainaut, and Zeeland in the Low Countries. Additionally, he held a portion of the Bavarian province of Straubing, his Bavarian ducal line's appanage and seat, Lower Bavaria. Biography Early years Albert was born in Munich, the third son of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, by his second wife Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut and Holland. Albert was originally a younger son, apportioned at best an appanage. He was only 10 years old when his father died, leaving most of his Bavarian inheritance to his eldest half-brother, Louis V, Duke of Bavaria, but also some appanages to the younger sons. His elder brother, William V, Count of Holland, had engaged in a long struggle with their mother, obtaining Holland and Zeeland from her in 1354, and Hainaut on her death in 1356. William was supported by the party of burghers of the cities. They were opp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juw Juwinga
Juw Juwinga (alias Jongema) of Bolsward was a Frisian chieftain that earned great fame in the struggle against the (Dutch) ‘infidels’. When Albrecht of Bavaria, count of Holland, threatened Friesland in 1396, Juw was chosen as potestate of Friesland. He advised luring the enemy into the land. The Schieringers limited their defense to the coastline. The Dutch were defeated at Schoterzijl (in Weststellingwerf) where Juw was slain on August 29, 1396. Juw was also known as Julius Jongema, and Petrus Thaborita wrote his name as Ju Jonghema. The previous potestate was Hessel Martena. However the potestates were absent for many years due to arguments between Vetkopers and Schieringers and Juw was the eleventh potestaat. Sources and references *Brouwers, J.H., J.J. Klama, W. Kok, and M. Wiegersma, eds., Encyclopedie van Friesland The ''Encyclopedie van Friesland'' is a Dutch language encyclopedia about the Friesland Province, Netherlands published in 1958 by Elsevier. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
