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Positions Of Medical Organizations On Electronic Cigarettes
The scientific community in United States and Europe are primarily concerned with the possible effect of electronic cigarette use on public health. There is concern among public health experts that e-cigarettes could renormalize smoking, weaken measures to control tobacco, and serve as a gateway for smoking among youth. The public health community is divided over whether to support e-cigarettes, because their safety and efficacy for quitting smoking is unclear. Many in the public health community acknowledge the potential for their quitting smoking and decreasing harm benefits, but there remains a concern over their long-term safety and potential for a new era of users to get addicted to nicotine and then tobacco. There is concern among tobacco control academics and advocates that prevalent universal vaping "will bring its own distinct but as yet unknown health risks in the same way tobacco smoking did, as a result of chronic exposure", among other things. Medical organizations di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific Community
The scientific community is a diverse network of interacting scientists. It includes many " sub-communities" working on particular scientific fields, and within particular institutions; interdisciplinary and cross-institutional activities are also significant. Objectivity is expected to be achieved by the scientific method. Peer review, through discussion and debate within journals and conferences, assists in this objectivity by maintaining the quality of research methodology and interpretation of results. History of scientific communities The eighteenth century had some societies made up of men who studied nature, also known as natural philosophers and natural historians, which included even amateurs. As such these societies were more like local clubs and groups with diverse interests than actual scientific communities, which usually had interests on specialized disciplines. Though there were a few older societies of men who studied nature such as the Royal Society of London, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaping-associated Pulmonary Injury
Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), is an umbrella term, used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. Symptoms can initially mimic common pulmonary diagnoses, such as pneumonia, but sufferers typically do not respond to antibiotic therapy. Differential diagnoses have overlapping features with VAPI, including COVID-19. According to an article in the Radiological Society of North America news published in March 2022, EVALI cases continue to be diagnosed. “EVALI has by no means disappeared,” Dr. Kligerman said. “We continue to see numerous cases, even during the pandemic, many of which are initially misdiagnosed as COVID-19.” Sufferers usually present for care within a few days to weeks of symptom onset. Starting, in September 2019, the US Centers for Disease Control and Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cancer Council Australia
Cancer Council Australia is a national, nonprofit organisation which aims to promote cancer-control policies and to reduce the illness caused by cancer in Australia. It advises various groups, including the government, on cancer-related issues, acts as an advocate for cancer patients and their friends, and is a major funding contributor towards health research, prevention and education. Background Cancer Council Australia formed in 1961 as the Australian Cancer Society. It was renamed Cancer Council Australia in 1997 and appointed Alan Coates its inaugural CEO. Cancer Council Australia includes eight member organisations, which operate in their individual states and territories: *Cancer Council Australian Capital Territory *Cancer Council New South Wales *Cancer Council Northern Territory *Cancer Council Queensland *Cancer Council South Australia *Cancer Council Tasmania * Cancer Council Victoria *Cancer Council Western Australia Australia's Biggest Morning Tea One of Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NPS MedicineWise
Established in March 1998, NPS MedicineWise (known prior to 2009 as the National Prescribing Service) is an Australian not-for-profit organisation whose programs are funded by the national Department of Health. Since July 2012, the organisation has been officially known as NPS MedicineWise. NPS MedicineWise provides practical tools (such as medicines lists), evidence-based information, and educational activities, with the intention of improving the way health technologies, including how medicines and medical tests, are prescribed and used. Overview NPS MedicineWise was founded in 1998 as part of an Australian Government shift in health policy to address issues around Quality Use of Medicines (QUM). NPS MedicineWise' initial mandate was to reduce cost of medicines to Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) by providing clinically reviewed independent information about medicines to doctors, pharmacists, and other health professionals. Many of these materials relate to ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Therapeutic Goods Administration
The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) is the medicine and therapeutic regulatory agency of the Australian Government. As part of the Department of Health (Australia), Department of Health and Aged Care, the TGA regulates the quality, supply and advertising of medicines, pathology devices, medical devices, blood products and most other therapeutics. Any items that claim to have a therapeutic effect, are involved in the administration of medication, or are otherwise covered by the ''Therapeutic Goods Act 1989'', the ''Therapeutic Goods Regulations 1990'', or a ministerial order, must be approved by the TGA and registered in the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods. Structure of the TGA and medical regulation in Australia In Australia, medical products are regulated by the TGA and, for controlled drugs such as cannabis, the Office of Drug Control (ODC). Together, the TGA and ODC form the Health Products Regulation Group within the Department of Health and Aged Care. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Medical Association
The World Medical Association (WMA) is an international and independent confederation of free professional medical associations representing physicians worldwide. WMA was formally established on September 18, 1947 and has grown to 115 national medical associations, as of 2021, with 1467 Associate Members, including Junior Doctors and medical students. and more than 10 million physicians. WMA is in official relations with the World Health Organization (WHO) and seeks close collaboration with the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to physical and mental health. History The WMA was founded on 18 September 1947, when physicians from 27 different countries met at the First General Assembly of the WMA in Paris. This organization was built from an idea born in the House of the British Medical Association in 1945, within a meeting organized in London to initiate plans for an international medical organization to replace l'Association Professionnelle Internationale des Médecins", which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safety Of Electronic Cigarettes
The use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) carries many health risks, especially for children, young adults, and pregnant people. The risk depends on the composition of electronic cigarette aerosol and varies according to the contents of the liquid, the physical and electrical design of the device, and user behavior. As of 2019, the long-term risks of vaping are uncertain because it is a relatively new technology, although the long-term risks of some individual substances in vaping aerosols have been studied. In the United Kingdom, vaping is considered by some to be around 95% less harmful than tobacco after a controversial landmark review by Public Health England. E-cigarette vapor has a different composition than cigarette smoke and can have lower levels of some toxic chemicals. E-cigarettes reduce lung function, reduce cardiac muscle function, and increase inflammation. Traditional cigarettes have a higher damage record than vaping but inhaling nicotine has its own consequence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Lung Foundation
World Lung Foundation (WLF) is a non-profit foundation established in 2004 to support private organizations and government agencies, who work to improve lung health, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries. WLF provides financial and technical assistance to governments and non-government organizations in four priority areas: Health Communications and Information, Capacity Building, Project Management, and Operational Research. These projects are in the following lung health areas: tobacco control, asthma, and tuberculosis. The organization also works on maternal health initiatives. Activities WLF Projects WLF supports include: Research * Economic analysis * Scientific conferences * Pilot treatment programs Public health policy * Policy research * Policy communications * Advocacy Capacity building *Management/operations training *Technology transfer *Infrastructure development Public health education *Community programs *Training practitioners *Mass media ad camp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Union Against Tuberculosis And Lung Disease
The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease or The Union, is a global scientific organization headquartered in Paris with the stated goals to "improve health for people in low- and middle-income Countries". The Union focuses its work in three areas: Tuberculosis, Tobacco Control, and Lung and non-communicable diseases. The antecedents of The Union date to an 1867 meeting to discuss the tuberculosis plague, and include the former Central Bureau for the Prevention of Tuberculosis and the International Union Against Tuberculosis (IUAT). The Union no longer uses the acronym "IUATLD" as its short-form name. History Early pioneers were Robert Koch, Sir John Crofton and Karel Styblo. According to ''The Lancet'', in the 70s, Styblo "harnessed the meager resources of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and showed that, contrary to expert opinion, tuberculosis could be controlled in extremely poor countries: beginning in Tanzania, one of the poo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulmonary
The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and most other animals, including some snails and a small number of fish. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart. Their function in the respiratory system is to extract oxygen from the air and transfer it into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere, in a process of gas exchange. Respiration is driven by different muscular systems in different species. Mammals, reptiles and birds use their different muscles to support and foster breathing. In earlier tetrapods, air was driven into the lungs by the pharyngeal muscles via buccal pumping, a mechanism still seen in amphibians. In humans, the main muscle of respiration that drives breathing is the diaphragm. The lungs also provide airflow that makes vocal sounds including human speech possible. Humans have two lungs, one on the left and one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forum Of International Respiratory Societies
The Forum of International Respiratory Societies is a respiratory health advocacy organization which consists of the following organizations: *The Asociacion Latinoamericana del Thorax *The American College of Chest Physicians *The American Thoracic Society *The Asian Pacific Society of Respirology *The European Respiratory Society *The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and *The Pan African Thoracic Society. The Forum was established in 2002 and has more than 70,000 members worldwide. It is based in Lausanne, Switzerland , neighboring_municipalities= Bottens, Bretigny-sur-Morrens, Chavannes-près-Renens, Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne, Crissier, Cugy, Écublens, Épalinges, Évian-les-Bains (FR-74), Froideville, Jouxtens-Mézery, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Lugrin ( .... In 2010, the Forum dubbed the year 2010 the "Year of the Lung". References {{authority control Organizations established in 2002 Organisations based in Lausanne 2002 establishments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Cigarettes
An electronic cigarette is an electronic device that simulates tobacco smoking. It consists of an atomizer, a power source such as a battery, and a container such as a cartridge or tank. Instead of smoke, the user inhales vapor. As such, using an e-cigarette is often called "vaping". The atomizer is a heating element that vaporizes a liquid solution called e-liquid, which quickly cools into an aerosol of tiny droplets, vapor and air. E-cigarettes are activated by taking a puff or pressing a button. Some look like traditional cigarettes, and most kinds are reusable. The vapor mainly comprises propylene glycol and/or glycerin, usually with nicotine and flavoring. Its exact composition varies, and depends on several things including user behavior. Vaping is likely much less harmful than smoking. E-cigarette vapor contains fewer toxins than cigarette smoke. It contains traces of harmful substances not found in cigarette smoke. Nicotine is highly addictive. Users b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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