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Political Violence In Turkey (1976–1980)
Political violence in Turkey became a serious problem in the late 1970s and was even described as a "low-level civil war". The death squads of Turkish right-wing ultranationalist groups, sometimes allied with the state, inflicted around 5,000 casualties with the motivation of acting against the resistance of the left-wing opposition. Most of the victims were left-wingers. The level of illegal violence lessened for a while after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, and was later overshadowed by the PKK insurgency in 1984 and the revival of the Maoist insurgency. Background The Democrat Party, right-wing force that united conservatives, traditionalists, Islamists, nationalists, liberals, and urban bourgeoisie under one roof and was the dominant party throughout the 1950s, was banned down after the 1960 coup d'état and its leaders were hanged. Intellectuals, politicians and the masses on the right fell into moral defeat as a result of these developments. With the increase in infras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The term ''Cold war (term), cold war'' is used because there was no direct fighting between the two superpowers, though each supported opposing sides in regional conflicts known as proxy wars. In addition to the struggle for ideological and economic influence and an arms race in both conventional and Nuclear arms race, nuclear weapons, the Cold War was expressed through technological rivalries such as the Space Race, espionage, propaganda campaigns, Economic sanctions, embargoes, and sports diplomacy. After the end of World War II in 1945, during which the US and USSR had been allies, the USSR installed satellite state, satellite governments in its occupied territories in Eastern Europe and N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Youth Federation Of Turkey
The Revolutionary Youth Federation of Turkey (), often known simply as Revolutionary Youth (, DEV-GENÇ) was a Marxist-Leninist organization founded in 1965 in Turkey and banned in 1971 after the 1971 Turkish coup d'état, continuing for some time as an underground organization. It was founded in 1965 as the ''Federation of Debate Clubs'' and renamed in 1969. ''Dev-Genç'' members set U.S. Ambassador Robert Komer's car on fire in 1969 while he was visiting an Ankara university campus. ''Dev-Genç'' members participated in the protests against the United States Sixth Fleet anchoring in Turkey (June 1967 to February 1969) and also played an active role in the workers' actions on 15–16 June 1970.See the undated articlDev-Genç (Devrimci Gençlik Federasyonu retrieved 30 September 2014 Members included were Ulaş Bardakçı, Mahir Çayan, Cihan Alptekin and Necmettin Büyükkaya. CIA agent Aldrich Ames was able to unveil the identity of a large number of members. Following t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah Çatlı
Abdullah Çatlı (1 June 1956 – 3 November 1996) was a Turkish secret government agent, as well as a contract killer for the National Intelligence Organization (MİT). He led the Grey Wolves, the youth branch of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), during the 1970s. His death in the Susurluk car crash, while travelling in a car with state officials, revealed the depth of the state's complicity in organized crime in what became known as the Susurluk scandal. He was a hitman for the state, and was involved in the killings of suspected members of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA). Career Çatlı was born to a Turkish family in the city of Nevşehir. He grew up in Nevşehir, a small province in Central Anatolia. Çatlı was familiar with the views of the far-right MHP and Turkish ultra-nationalists. 1978–1984 Çatlı was responsible, along with Haluk Kırcı and several other MHP members, for the 9 O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alparslan Türkeş
Alparslan Türkeş (; 25 November 1917 – 4 April 1997) was a Turkish politician, who was the founder and president of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and the Grey Wolves ''(Ülkü Ocakları)''. He ran the Grey Wolves training camps from 1968 to 1978. More than 600 people are said to have fallen victim of political murders by the Grey Wolves between 1968 and 1980. He represented the far-right of the Turkish political spectrum. He was and still is called ''Başbuğ'' ("Leader") by his devotees. Early life Türkeş was born in Nicosia, British Cyprus, to a Turkish Cypriot family in 1917. His birth name is disputed, some claiming that it is Hüseyin Feyzullah, while MHP claims it is Ali Arslan. His paternal great-grandfather had emigrated to Cyprus from Pınarbaşı, Kayseri, Central Anatolia, Ottoman Empire, in the 1860s. His father, Ahmet Hamdi Bey, was from Tuzla, near Famagusta, and his mother, Fatma Zehra Hanım, was from Larnaca. However, in an interview wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu
Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu (December 31, 1954 – March 25, 2009) was a Turkish politician and member of the Parliament of Turkey. He was the leader and founder of the Great Unity Party (BBP), a far-right, nationalist-Islamist political party. Biography Yazıcıoğlu was born 1954 in a small village named Elmalı in Şarkışla of Sivas Province. He studied in Şarkışla from primary school to high school after that he was educated at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Ankara University. He was a member of the ultranationalist Grey Wolves. After the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, Yazıcıoğlu was arrested for being one of the leaders of Grey Wolves. He stayed for seven years in prison until his release in 1987. In the following years, Yazıcıoğlu was involved in politics as a member of the far-right Nationalist Movement Party. In 1991, he and some of his fellows left this movement and established a new political party called Great Unity Party with a more Islamist ideology. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front
The Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front ( or DHKP-C) is a Turkish Marxist–Leninist communist party in Turkey. It was founded in 1978 as Revolutionary Left (Turkish: or ), and has been involved in a militant campaign against the Republic of Turkey since the 1980s. It was renamed in 1994 after factional infighting. It is classified as a terrorist group by Turkey, the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and Japan. In 1980, the group began targeting active and retired Turkish politicians and security and military personnel, including assassinating prime minister Nihat Erim on 19 July. By 1990, it broadened its activities to include attacks on foreign entities, specifically targeting U.S. military and diplomatic staff and installations. Structure or ''DHKP-C'' (alternatively ''DHKP/C'') refers to two related entities. The former ("Party") refers to the group's political activities, while the latter ("Front") is a reference to the group's military oper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederation Of Revolutionary Trade Unions Of Turkey
The Confederation of Revolutionary Trade Unions of Turkey ( Turkish: ''Türkiye Devrimci İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu'', DİSK) is one of the four major national trade union centres in Turkey. It was founded in 1967 as a breakaway union from the Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions, and has a membership of 327,000. DİSK is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation, World Federation of Trade Unions, Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD and the European Trade Union Confederation. Development until the ban in 1980 DİSK was founded by Kemal Türkler, Riza Kuas, İbrahim Güzelce, Kemal Nebioğlu and Mehmet Alpdündar representing Türkiye Maden-İş, Lastik-İş, Basin-İş, Türkiye Gıda-İş and Türk Maden-İş, respectively. All of these unions were until that time affiliated to Türk-İş, except Gida-İş which was independent. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Turkey (historical)
The Communist Party of Turkey (, TKP) was a political party in Turkey. The party was founded by Mustafa Suphi in 1920, and was soon to be banned. It worked as a clandestine opposition party throughout the Cold War era, and was persecuted by the various military regimes. Many intellectuals, like Nâzım Hikmet, joined the party's ranks. In 1988, the party merged into the United Communist Party of Turkey, in an attempt to gain legal status. The TKP was active from 1920 until its dissolution in 1988, and it was banned in Turkey in 1925 in order to ensure the country's security after the Sheikh Said Rebellion in Eastern Turkey. The party was legalized again after the Second World War, albeit with very limited power and it was heavily monitored by the Turkish government. However, after 1947 it was banned yet again and many of its leading figures were arrested and detained by the authorities. Initially adopting non-violent methods of introducing reform, the party began to adopt rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Youth Association
The Progressive Youth Organization () was the legal youth organization of the outlawed Communist Party of Turkey (TKP). It was founded on 6 January 1976. History The İGD developed close relations with trade unions and other progressive organizations, took part in May Day celebrations, protests against DGMs (State Security Courts) and campaigns against the far-right Nationalist Movement Party and its youth organization. It organized international solidarity activities for Chile, Iran, Palestine and others, and campaigned on issues including safety of life and freedom of education, and democratization of textbooks. It worked in close cooperation with the Progressive High School Students Organization (İLD) and the Apprentices' Organization (Çırak–Der). It also worked for unity of the broader progressive youth movement, especially developing cooperation with other youth organizations such as Genç Öncü ("Young Vanguard"), the Socialist Youth League, and the Kurdish Revolution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Liberation Party-Front Of Turkey
People's, branded as ''People's ViennaLine'' until May 2018, and legally ''Altenrhein Luftfahrt GmbH'', is an Austro-Swiss airline headquartered in Vienna, Austria. It operates scheduled and charter passenger flights mainly from its base at St. Gallen-Altenrhein Airport in Switzerland. History Founded as People's Viennaline in 2010, the first revenue flight of the company took place on 27 March 2011. For several years, People's only operated a single scheduled route between its St. Gallen and Vienna. However, the route network has since been expanded with some seasonal and charter services. In November 2016, People's inaugurated the world's shortest international jet route (and, after St. Maarten-Anguilla, second shortest international route overall). The flight from St. Gallen-Altenrhein Airport, Switzerland, to Friedrichshafen Airport, Germany, took only eight minutes of flight over Lake Constance and could have been booked individually. The airline faced severe criticism f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit
The Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit (, abbreviated as MLSPB), known fully as the People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit (THKP-C/MLSPB) is a Marxist–Leninist organization in Turkey. The group is a split from the People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey. It was among the founding members of the Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement, formed in March 2016, with the Kurdistan Workers' Party and seven other socialist organizations. Activity 1980s In April 1980, members of the group shot dead an American naval officer and his driver. Chief Petty Officer Sam Novello and his driver, Ali Sabri Baytar, were shot dead in Turkey by three assailants who then were captured while trying to escape on motorcycle. One assailant was severely wounded during the capture and died later, the remaining two were sentenced to death by a military court and executed on June 25, 1981. Involvement in Syrian Civil War As MLSPB-Revolutionary Front (), t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DEV-YOL
Devrimci Yol (Turkish for "Revolutionary Path", shortly DEV-YOL) was a Turkish political movement (as opposed to a tightly structured organization) with many supporters in trade unions and other professional institutions.TURKEY: BACKGROUND TO DEVRIMCI YOL TRIAL IN ANKARA AI Index: EUR 44/47/88 27 June 1988. An online edition can be found at http://ob.nubati.net/wiki/index.php?title=Devrimci_Yol; accessed on 18 December 2008 Its ideology was based on Marxism-Leninism but rejected both the Soviet and the Chinese model in favor of a more native Turkish model, although it was influenced by the latter.German brochure: ''Die Sozialistische Bewegung in der Türkei'' (Socialist Movement in Turkey, Hamburg, November 1980, states on page 25: "''Neither the Chinese nor the Soviet type (of socialism) have realized socialist ideas''." Devrimci Yol entered the political scene in Turkey on 1 May 1977 with its manifesto called ''bildirge''. Its roots can be seen in a movement that called itsel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
