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Political Prisoners In Yugoslavia
Political prisoners in Yugoslavia were held throughout both systems of government of the former country. Most political prisoners in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) were communists, whereas the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992) primarily incarcerated real and alleged Stalinists during and after the Informbiro period, anti-communists, nationalists and dissidents (including those driving for regional autonomy or independence), all of which were perceived as a threat to the system. Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–41) Socialist Yugoslavia (1945–92) *Črtomir Nagode, Ljubo Sirc, Leon Kavčnik, Boris Furlan, Zoran Hribar, Angela Vode, Metod Kumelj, Pavla Hočevar, Svatopluk Zupan, Bogdan Stare, Metod Pirc, Vid Lajovic, Franjo Sirc, Elizabeta Hribar and Franc Snoj, who stood at the Nagode Trial in 1947. *Vlado Dapčević spent a total of 24 years in Yugoslav prisons as a political dissident for advocating anti-revisionism and Proletarian internationalism. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe, Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 to 1929, it was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but the term "Yugoslavia" () has been its colloquial name as early as 1922 due to its origins. "Kraljevina Jugoslavija! Novi naziv naše države. No, mi smo itak med seboj vedno dejali Jugoslavija, četudi je bilo na vseh uradnih listih Kraljevina Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev. In tudi drugi narodi, kakor Nemci in Francozi, so pisali že prej v svojih listih mnogo o Jugoslaviji. 3. oktobra, ko je kralj Aleksander podpisal "Zakon o nazivu in razdelitvi kraljevine na upravna območja", pa je bil naslov kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev za vedno izbrisan." (Naš rod ("Our Generation", a monthly Slovene language periodical), Ljubljana 1929/30, št. 1, str. 22, letnik I.) The official name of the state was changed to "Kingdom of Yugoslavia" by King Alexander I of Yugosla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz ( sh-Cyrl, Јосип Броз, ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito ( ; , ), was a Yugoslavia, Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective Resistance during World War II, resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1945, he served as its Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, prime minister from 1945 to 1963, and President of Yugoslavia, president from 1953 until his death in 1980. The political ideology and policies promulgated by Tito are known as Titoism. Tito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prvoslav Vujcic
Prvoslav Vujcic ( sr-Cyrl, Првослав Вујчић, ; born 20 July 1960) is a Serbian Canadian writer, poet, translator, columnist and aphorist. He has been described as one of the most prominent writers of Serbian origin.''Migrating Memories: Central Europe in Canada Volume I – Literary Anthology''. CEACS. 2010. pp. 306–308. . Biography Vujcic was born on 20 July 1960, in the eastern Serbian city of Požarevac to father Jefrem (1932–1996) and mother Nadežda (1936–2015). Growing up in the area known as Burjan, he completed his elementary and secondary education, graduating from the Požarevac Gymnasium in 1979. As a student, he won the Zmaj Award (awarded annually by the Association of Writers of Serbia for the book of the year) for his collection of poetry titled ''Pesnik i pesma'' and the award was presented to him by Desanka Maksimović.Večernje novosti (31 March 2005). "Rodoljubive pesme, pg. 26" . In 1983, Vujcic wrote a book of poetry titled ''Razmišljanja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omer Behmen
Omer Behmen (10 June 1922 – 23 April 2009) was a Bosnian politician. He was one of the closest associates of Alija Izetbegović, the first president of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Behmen was also one of the founders of the Party of Democratic Action political party. Imprisonment In April 1983, Behmen and twelve other Bosniak activists (including future president Alija Izetbegović, Melika Salihbegović, Edhem Bičakčić, Mustafa Spahić and Hasan Čengić) were tried before a Sarajevo court for a variety of charges called "offences as principally hostile activity inspired by Muslim nationalism, association for purposes of hostile activity and hostile propaganda". All of those tried were convicted and Behmen was sentenced to twelve years in prison. The verdict was strongly criticized by Western human rights organisations, including Amnesty International Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasan Čengić
Hasan Čengić (; 30 August 1957 – 7 November 2021) was a Bosniak politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Deputy Defence Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the Bosnian War, Čengić was the main fundraiser and weapons buyer for Alija Izetbegović's administration. Regarded as a Muslim hardliner and one of the most influential people in Sarajevo, Čengić was a proponent of Iran's influence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Early life Čengić was born in Odžak, Foča-Ustikolina, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia, present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina to father Halid and mother Merjema née Lutvikadić. He was a distant cousin of the Bosnian Muslim politician Adil Zulfikarpašić. As a young imam, Čengić led a group called ''Tabački Masjid'', which condemned discotheques and mixed marriages and advocated veiling of women as well as the prohibition of alcohol. For Loftus, Čengić was a sympathiser of the Iranian revolution who "perceiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobroslav Paraga
Dobroslav Paraga (born 9 December 1960) is a Croatian right-wing politician. He was first president of the Croatian Party of Rights, after the party was reestablished in 1991. In 1993 he founded the Croatian Party of Rights 1861 following a political split from Anto Đapić. Background In his early days Paraga advocated the secession of Croatia from Yugoslavia which led to persecution by the Communist authorities. When a multi-party system was established in Croatia, he initially joined the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) of Franjo Tuđman. However, involvement with the party clearly indicated that there was variation in sentiment among its members. Paraga came to feel the HDZ was not the radical party which he had expected, and so the party split. He and a delegation of like-minded radicals formed the Croatian Party of Rights (HSP). His party formed its own militia, the Croatian Defence Forces (; ''HOS''). In an interview in 2000, Paraga stated his party was “for a Croat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruno Bušić
Ante Bruno Bušić (6 October 1939 – 16 October 1978) was a Croatian writer and critic of the government of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He was one of the best-known victims of UDBA (Yugoslav secret police) killings. Biography Bušić was born in the village of Vinjani Donji near Imotski. By the time he enrolled into high school in Imotski, he was already involved in activities which communist authorities considered rebellious. In 1957, he joined a group called Tiho (''silently'', lit. - ''quietly'') whose aim was to "fight for freedom, equality and the formation of a free Croatia based on democratic principles". It was at that time that the UDBA (Yugoslav secret police) began watching him. Bušić, along with his schoolmates who had also participated in Tiho, was expelled from school soon after. Two years later, the expelled students were allowed to return to school. Bušić went on to enroll in the University of Zagreb and earned a degree in economics in 1964 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vlado Gotovac
Vladimir "Vlado" Gotovac (18 September 1930 – 7 December 2000) was a Croatian poet and politician. Early activism In the late 1960s, Gotovac joined the Croatian movement demanding political and economic reform, which eventually led to the Croatian Spring in the early 1970s. Unlike the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia, the Croatian Spring wasn't violently quashed by military use, although it resulted the period known as "the Croatian silence", alluding to the Yugoslav government's tremendous skill in suppressing any opposition or criticism. Before being arrested in 1971 Gotovac became the editor-in-chief of ''Hrvatski Tjednik'' (''The Croatian Weekly''), which historian Marcus Tanner explains, "was a real phenomenon – a mass-circulation newspaper with an enormous audience that went way beyond the confines of the Communist Party and made a national reputation." Imprisonment Growing up in Tito's Yugoslavia, Gotovac was arrested in January 1972 and sentenced to four years in pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepoglava Prison
Lepoglava Penitentiary (), also referred to in English as Lepoglava prison, is a maximum security prison in northern Croatia administed by the Croatian Ministry of Justice. It is located in, and named after, the town of Lepoglava, Varaždin County. Lepoglava prison served as one of the main political prisons for opponents and seditionists of various ruling regimes throughout its history. History Lepoglava prison was formed in 1854 in a monastery formerly owned by the Pauline Fathers, which was transformed by the authorities into a penitentiary (this order would wait until 2001 for a part of its property there to be returned to the bishopric). Prior to becoming one of the major Croatian penitentiaries, the prison saw widespread use in Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Independent State of Croatia and Communist Yugoslavia. In 1878, Lepoglava warden Emil Taufer introduced the Irish rehabilitation system and opened a number of workshops for penal labor. Literacy c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stara Gradiška Prison
Stara Gradiška prison is a former prison at Stara Gradiška, Croatia. The prison site was first established in 1799. During World War II, the former Austro-Hungarian fortress was used by the Ustaša regime as the Stara Gradiška concentration camp, a part of the Jasenovac complex, the largest extermination camp in occupied Yugoslavia. From 1945 until the late 1980s, the prison at Stara Gradiška held political prisoners of the communist regime. The detention facility was shut down by the Republic of Croatia in 1990, a decision made formal in February 1991. However, from October 1991 until July 1993, the prison was again re-opened by the Krajina Serbs, who captured and detained numerous Croats in the facility during the Croatian War of Independence. , the municipality planned to turn the site into a museum. , the Catholic Church planned to build a memorial church in the area. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatian Spring
The Croatian Spring (), or Maspok, was a political conflict that took place from 1967 to 1971 in the Socialist Republic of Croatia, at the time part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. As one of six republics comprising Yugoslavia at the time, Croatia was ruled by the League of Communists of Croatia (SKH), nominally independent from the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ), led by President Josip Broz Tito. The 1960s in Yugoslavia were marked by a series of reforms aimed at improving the economic situation in the country and increasingly politicised efforts by the leadership of the republics to protect the economic interests of their respective republics. As part of this, political conflict occurred in Croatia when reformers within the SKH, generally aligned with the Croatian cultural society , came into conflict with conservatives. In the late 1960s, a variety of grievances were aired through , which were adopted in the early 1970s by a reformist faction of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dražen Budiša
Dražen Budiša (born 25 July 1948) is a Croatian politician who used to be a leading opposition figure in the 1990s and a two-time presidential candidate. As president of the Croatian Social Liberal Party through the 1990s he remains to date the only Leader of the Opposition not to have been from either the Croatian Democratic Union or the Social Democratic Party. Biography During Yugoslavia Budiša was born in Drniš, People's Republic of Croatia, within the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. He studied Philosophy and Sociology at the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb and took part in the Croatian Spring in the 1970s. For his activities he was later sent to Lepoglava prison by Communist authorities. Before the arrival of democracy he worked as a librarian. In 1989 he was one of the founders of Croatian Social Liberal Party and later its leader. During the 1990 elections his party joined the Coalition of People's Accord and fared badly, including Budiša who failed to wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
