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Podoconiosis
Podoconiosis, also known as nonfilarial elephantiasis, is a disease of the lymphatic vessels of the lower extremities that is caused by chronic exposure to irritant soils. It is the second most common cause of elephantiasis, tropical lymphedema after filariasis, lymphatic filariasis, and it is characterized by prominent Swelling (medical), swelling of the lower extremities, which leads to disfigurement and disability. Methods of prevention include wearing shoes and using floor coverings. Mainstays of treatment include daily foot hygiene, compression bandaging, and when warranted, surgery of overlying nodules. Signs and symptoms Podoconiosis causes bilateral yet asymmetrical leg swelling with overlying firm nodules. Early on, symptoms may include itching, tingling, widening of the forefoot, and swelling which then progress to soft edema, skin fibrosis, papillomatosis, and nodule formation resembling moss, giving rise to the disease's alternate name of "mossy foot" in some regions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gail Davey
Gail Davey OBE is a professor of epidemiology at Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK. Her work focuses on Neglected Tropical Diseases, particular podoconiosis. Career Davey specialises in neglected tropical diseases, especially ones that involve the skin. After taking an MBBChir degree in medicine, she trained in epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, gaining Masters and MD degrees. She then worked at the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa University (; AAU) is a national university located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It is the oldest university in Ethiopia. AAU has thirteen campuses. Twelve of these are situated in Addis Ababa, and one is located in Bishoftu, about away. ..., Ethiopia for almost a decade, developing training programmes in public health to doctoral level Her work was initially about the causes and origin of asthma. In 2005, her research began to focus on podoconiosis, taking a broa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernest W Price
Dr Ernest Woodward Price MD, FRCSE, DTM&H, OBE (20 July 1907 31 January 1990) was a missionary doctor, orthopaedic surgeon, leprosy specialist and the discoverer of podoconiosis, one of the neglected tropical diseases. A list of his publications is available online. Early life He was born in Sheffield to Baptist missionary parents, Rev. Ernest (born 1874) and Edith Letitia (née Woodward) Price. When he was three years old, the family moved to Kingston, Jamaica, where his father had been appointed headmaster of Calabar High School, a boarding school for the sons of Baptist ministers working in rural areas of Jamaica. Education With his two brothers, Neville Grenville Price born 26 May 1911 (later a teacher) and Bernard Henry Price born 27 January 1913 (later a surgeon), he went to his father's school, Calabar High School. From there all three brothers went to Cambridge University. Price attended St John's College from 1926 to 1929. He trained in medicine at Charing Cross ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of tropical infections that are common in low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. They are caused by a variety of pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and parasitic worms (helminths). These diseases are contrasted with the "big three" infectious diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria), which generally receive greater treatment and research funding. In sub-Saharan Africa, disease burden, the effect of neglected tropical diseases as a group is comparable to that of malaria and tuberculosis. NTD co-infection can also make HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis more deadly. Some treatments for NTDs are relatively inexpensive. For example, praziquantel for schistosomiasis costs about US $0.20 per child per year. Nevertheless, in 2010 it was estimated that control of neglected diseases would require funding of between US$2 billion and $3 billion over the subsequent five to sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swelling (medical)
Edema (American English), also spelled oedema (British English), and also known as fluid retention, swelling, dropsy and hydropsy, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue (biology), tissue. Most commonly, the legs or arms are affected. Symptoms may include skin that feels tight, the area feeling heavy, and joint stiffness. Other symptoms depend on the underlying cause. Causes may include Chronic venous insufficiency, venous insufficiency, heart failure, kidney problems, hypoalbuminemia, low protein levels, liver problems, deep vein thrombosis, infections, kwashiorkor, angioedema, certain medications, and lymphedema. It may also occur in immobile patients (stroke, spinal cord injury, aging), or with temporary immobility such as prolonged sitting or standing, and during menstruation or pregnancy. The condition is more concerning if it starts suddenly, or pain or shortness of breath is present. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. If the underlying mechanism involve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lumen (anatomy)
In biology, a lumen (: lumina) is the inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine. It comes . It can refer to: *the interior of a vessel, such as the central space in an artery, vein or capillary through which blood flows *the interior of the gastrointestinal tract *the pathways of the bronchi in the lungs *the interior of renal tubules and urinary collecting ducts *the pathways of the female genital tract, starting with a single pathway of the vagina, splitting up in two lumina in the uterus, both of which continue through the fallopian tubes *the fluid-filled cavity forming in the blastocyst during pre-implantation development called the blastocoel In cell biology, lumen is a membrane-defined space that is found inside several organelles, cellular components, or structures, including thylakoid, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, mitochondrion, and microtubule. Transluminal procedures ''Transluminal procedures'' are procedures occur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrophage
Macrophages (; abbreviated MPhi, φ, MΦ or MP) are a type of white blood cell of the innate immune system that engulf and digest pathogens, such as cancer cells, microbes, cellular debris and foreign substances, which do not have proteins that are specific to healthy body cells on their surface. This self-protection method can be contrasted with that employed by Natural killer cell, Natural Killer cells. This process of engulfment and digestion is called phagocytosis; it acts to defend the host against infection and injury. Macrophages are found in essentially all tissues, where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. They take various forms (with various names) throughout the body (e.g., histiocytes, Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, microglia, and others), but all are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Besides phagocytosis, they play a critical role in nonspecific defense (innate immunity) and also help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adapti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. Ethiopia covers a land area of . , it has around 128 million inhabitants, making it the List of countries and dependencies by population, thirteenth-most populous country in the world, the List of African countries by population, second-most populous in Africa after Nigeria, and the most populous landlocked country on Earth. The national capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, lies several kilometres west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the African Plate, African and Somali Plate, Somali tectonic plates. Early modern human, Anatomically modern humans emerged from modern-day Ethiopia and set out for the Near East and elsewhere in the Middle Paleolithi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filaria
''Filaria'' is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Filariidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *'' Filaria acutiuscula'' *'' Filaria bufonis'' *''Filaria loliginis ''Filaria'' is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Filariidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *''Filaria acutiuscula'' *''Filaria bufonis'' *''Filaria loliginis'' *''Filaria martis'' *''Filaria piscium'' *''Fil ...'' *'' Filaria martis'' *'' Filaria piscium'' *'' Filaria smithi'' *'' Filaria terebra'' *'' Filaria tuberculata'' *'' Filaria volvulans'' *'' Filaria volvulas'' *'' Filaria volvulus'' *'' Filaria volvulxus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18596041 Rhabditida Rhabditida genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Reporting Project
The International Reporting Project, headquartered at New America (organization), New America, funds independent journalistic coverage of under-reported events around the world. The program was created in 1998 as one of the early examples of the non-profit journalism movement, seeking to bridge the gap left by much of the mainstream media's reduction of international news. History of the Project The International Reporting Project (IRP) provides opportunities to journalists to go overseas to do international reporting on critical issues that are under covered in the U.S. news media. The program was created in 1998 by John Schidlovsky, a veteran journalist and former foreign correspondent for The Baltimore Sun in China and India. The program's early founding made it a pioneer in the “non-profit journalism” movement that seeks to fill the gap left by much of the mainstream media's reduction of international news. The IRP has provided opportunities to more than 600 journalists to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxicology
Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants. The relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology. Factors that influence chemical toxicity include the dosage, duration of exposure (whether it is acute or chronic), route of exposure, species, age, sex, and environment. Toxicologists are experts on poisons and poisoning. There is a movement for evidence-based toxicology as part of the larger movement towards evidence-based practices. Toxicology is currently contributing to the field of cancer research, since some toxins can be used as drugs for killing tumor cells. One prime example of this is ribosome-inactivating proteins, tested in the treatment of leukemia. The word ''toxicology'' () ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
