|
Pluralistic Physicalism
Pluralism in general denotes a diversity of views or stands, rather than a single approach or method. Pluralism or pluralist may refer more specifically to: Politics and law * Pluralism (political philosophy), the acknowledgement of a diversity of political systems * Pluralism (political theory), belief that there should be diverse and competing centres of power in society * Legal pluralism, the existence of differing legal systems in a population or area * Pluralist democracy, a political system with more than one center of power Philosophy * Pluralism (philosophy), a doctrine according to which many basic substances make up reality * Pluralist school, a Greek school of pre-Socratic philosophers * Epistemological pluralism or methodological pluralism, the view that some phenomena require multiple methods to account for their nature * Value pluralism, the idea that several values may be equally correct and yet in conflict with each other Religion * Religious pluralism, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pluralism (political Philosophy)
Pluralism as a political philosophy is the diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. While not all political pluralists advocate for a pluralist democracy, this is the most common stance, because democracy is often viewed as the most fair and effective way to moderate between discrete values. Political theorist Isaiah Berlin, a strong supporter of pluralism, wrote: "let us have the courage of our admitted ignorance, of our doubts and uncertainties. At least we can try to discover what others ... require, by ... making it possible for ourselves to know men as they truly are, by listening to them carefully and sympathetically, and understanding them and their lives and their needs... ." Pluralism thus tries to encourage members of society to accommodate their differences by avoiding extremism (adhering solely to one value, or at the very least refusing to recognize others as legitimat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosmic Pluralism
Cosmic pluralism, the plurality of worlds, or simply pluralism, describes the belief in numerous "worlds" (planets, dwarf planets or natural satellites) in addition to Earth (possibly an infinite number), which may harbour extraterrestrial life. The debate over pluralism began as early as the time of Anaximander () as a metaphysical argument, long predating the scientific Copernican conception that the Earth is one of numerous planets. It has continued, in a variety of forms, until the modern era. Ancient Greek debates In Greek times, the debate was largely philosophical and did not conform to present notions of cosmology. Cosmic pluralism was a corollary to notions of infinity, and the purported multitude of life-bearing worlds were more akin to parallel universes (either contemporaneously in space or infinitely recurring in time) than to different solar systems. After Anaximander opened the door to an infinite universe, infinite higher dimensions, and an infinite amount of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Centre For Pluralism
The Global Centre for Pluralism () is an international centre for research, education and exchange about the values, practices and policies that underpin Pluralism (political philosophy), pluralist societies. Based in Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, the Centre seeks to assist the creation of successful societies. The Global Centre for Pluralism is an international initiative of Aga Khan IV, 49th hereditary Imam of Nizari Isma'ilism, Nizari Ismaili, Ismaili Muslims, and was established jointly with the Government of Canada in 2006. It is located in the former Canadian War Museum building along Ottawa's Sussex Drive and was officially opened with Governor General of Canada, the Right Honourable David Johnston (governor general), David Johnston on May 16, 2017. Board of directors The Board of Directors of the Global Centre for Pluralism are the following: * Aga Khan IV, His Highness the Aga Khan, (Chairman of the Board) Founder and Chairman of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Legal Pluralism
The ''Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law'' (formerly ''African Law Studies'') is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal focusing on all aspects of legal pluralism and custom (law), unofficial law. It was established in 1969 and is the official publication of the Commission on Legal Pluralism. The journal is published by Taylor & Francis. The editor-in-chief is Dik Roth (Wageningen University). Past editors-in-chief include Melanie Wiber (University of New Brunswick) and Gordon Woodman (University of Birmingham). External links * {{Official website, 1=http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=rjlp Comparative law journals Customary legal systems English-language journals Academic journals established in 1969 Taylor & Francis academic journals Triannual journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plurality (other)
Plurality may refer to: Law and politics * Plurality decision, in a decision by a multi-member court, an opinion held by more judges than any other but not by an overall majority * Plurality (voting), when a candidate or proposition polls more votes than any other but does not receive more than half of all votes cast * Plurality voting, a system in which each voter votes for one candidate and the candidate with a plurality is elected Philosophy and religion * Plurality (church governance), a type of Christian church polity in which decisions are made by a committee * Plurality of benefices, the holding of two different benefices simultaneously * Plurality of gods, an understanding of God in Mormonism * Plurality, one of the "twelve pure concepts of the understanding" proposed by Kant in his ''Critique of Pure Reason'' * Ontological pluralism Other uses * Plurality (company), an Israeli semiconductor company * ''Plurality'' (film), a 2021 Taiwanese psychological thriller fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pluralism In Economics
The pluralism in economics movement is a campaign to change the teaching and research in economics towards more openness in its approaches, topics and standpoints it considers. The goal of the movement is to "reinvigorate the discipline ... nd bringeconomics back into the service of society". Some have argued that economics had greater scientific pluralism in the past compared to the monist approach that is prevalent today. Pluralism encourages the inclusion of a wide variety of neoclassical and heterodox economic theories—including classical, Post-Keynesian, institutional, ecological, evolutionary, feminist, Marxist, and Austrian economics, stating that "each tradition of thought adds something unique and valuable to economic scholarship". History Critics of mainstream economics have called for a reform of the discipline in the past. The movement for pluralism can therefore be traced to wider movements for progressive change in the 1960s and 1970s, with economists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pluralistic Ignorance
In social psychology, pluralistic ignorance (also known as a collective illusion) is a phenomenon in which people mistakenly believe that others predominantly hold an opinion different from their own. In this phenomenon, most people in a group may go along with a view they do not hold because they think, incorrectly, that most other people in the group hold it. Pluralistic ignorance encompasses situations in which a minority position on a given topic is wrongly perceived to be the majority position, or the majority position is wrongly perceived to be a minority position. Pluralistic ignorance can arise in different ways. An individual may misjudge overall perceptions of a topic due to fear, embarrassment, social desirability, or social inhibition. Individuals may develop collective illusions when they feel they will receive backlash when they think their belief differs from society's belief. From a group-level perspective, and arguably the most accurate way of analyzing pluralisti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pluralist Commonwealth
The term pluralist commonwealth refers to a systemic model of wealth democratization supported and facilitated by a variety of different institutional forms. Political economist and historian Gar Alperovitz is generally credited for the development of this model as a way to resolve socio-economic problems associated with corporate capitalism and traditional state socialism. Expanding upon proposals that focus more narrowly on state- versus worker-ownership or state- versus self-managed enterprises, this " pluralist" approach involves large-scale public ownership of corporate equity, worker-owned and community-benefitting enterprise Enterprise (or the archaic spelling Enterprize) may refer to: Business and economics Brands and enterprises * Enterprise GP Holdings, an energy holding company * Enterprise plc, a UK civil engineering and maintenance company * Enterpris ...s, Community Development Corporations, nonprofit corporations and enterprising state and local publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Media Pluralism
Media pluralism defines the state of having a plurality of voices, opinions, and analyses in media systems (internal pluralism) or the coexistence of different and diverse types of medias and media support (external pluralism). Media pluralism is often recognized by international organizations and non-governmental organizations as being an essential part of a democratic state, Reporters Without Borders considers "access to a plurality of editorial lines and analyses [as] essential for citizens to be able to confront ideas, to make their own informed choices and to conduct their life freely". Expanded access to the Internet and the Digital television transition, digital switch-over has enabled an increased availability of Content (media), media content, largely through sharing and user-generated content on social media, in addition to the digital channels to which individuals have access across television and radio. The diversity of content is however accompanied by what Hallin a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Pluralism
Cultural pluralism is a term used when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, whereby their values and practices are accepted by the dominant culture, provided such are consistent with the laws and values of the wider society. As a sociological term, the definition and description of cultural pluralism has evolved. It has been described as not only a fact but a societal goal. Pluralist culture In a pluralist culture, groups not only co-exist side by side but also consider qualities of other groups as traits worth having in the dominant culture. Pluralistic societies place strong expectations of integration on members, rather than expectations of assimilation. The existence of such institutions and practices is possible if the cultural communities are accepted by the larger society in a pluralist culture and sometimes require the protection of the law. Often, the acceptance of a culture may require that the new or minority culture remo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pluralism (political Theory)
Classical pluralism is the view that politics and decision-making are located mostly in the framework of government but that many non-governmental groups use their resources to exert influence. The central question for classical pluralism is how Power (social and political), power and influence are distributed in a political process. Groups of individuals try to maximize their interests. Lines of conflict are multiple and shifting as power is a continuous bargaining process between competing groups. There may be inequalities but they tend to be distributed and evened out by the various forms and distributions of resources throughout a population. Any change under this view will be slow and incremental, as groups have different interests and may act as "veto groups" to destroy legislation. The existence of diverse and competing interests is the basis for a democratic equilibrium, and is crucial for the obtaining of goals by individuals. A polyarchy—a situation of open competition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
