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Plečkaitininkai
The plečkaitininkai ("plečkaitists"), named after Jeronimas Plečkaitis, was a group of Lithuanian political opponents of the authoritarian regime of Antanas Smetona active abroad from 1927 to 1935. They were mainly social democrats who had escaped abroad in the aftermath of the unsuccessful Tauragė Revolt in September 1927. With support from Poland, they sought to organize a coup against the ruling Lithuanian Nationalist Union and engaged in limited terrorist activities (murder of Lithuanian police officers, bombing of Lithuanian police stations). The group continued to maintain relations with the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania but distanced themselves from the Communist Party of Lithuania. Plečkaitininkai did not enjoy any significant support in Lithuania, but the Lithuanian government used the threat of this group as one of the arguments for suppressing free press and spying on leftist organizations. Establishment The military coup d'état of December 1926 installed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeronimas Plečkaitis
Jeronimas Plečkaitis (10 December 1887 in Keturvalakiai, Russian Empire – 29 October 1963 in Pilviškiai, Lithuanian SSR) was a Lithuanian politician. He was a member the national parliament, the Seimas, from 1920 to 1927, representing the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. After the military coup d'état of December 1926, Plečkaitis became an active member of the opposition to President Antanas Smetona and Prime Minister Augustinas Voldemaras. He participated in the failed Tauragė Revolt in September 1927 and fled abroad to avoid arrest. He organized a group of men, known as '' plečkaitininkai'', that received assistance from Poland and continued to plot against the Lithuanian government. He was arrested by the German police in September 1929 and sentenced to three years in prison. He was arrested again by Lithuania in 1940. In 1944, he was arrested by the Soviet authorities and sent to a Gulag camp in the Tyumen Oblast. He returned to Lithuania in 1955. Early life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tauragė Revolt
The Tauragė Revolt () was an anti-government revolt that took place in Tauragė, Lithuania on 9 September 1927. Members of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania and Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union wanted to remove President Antanas Smetona from power. The rebels took control of Tauragė, the revolt spread to neighboring villages and their forces grew to 200 men. However, the revolt was poorly prepared and was suppressed the same day by units of the Lithuanian Army that arrived from Klaipėda. In the aftermath, over 300 people were arrested and 11 were Capital punishment in Lithuania, executed. A group of rebels escaped abroad where they became known as ''plečkaitininkai'' and, with the help from Second Polish Republic, Poland, continued to plot against Smetona's regime until the mid-1930s. It was one of 13 attempts to overthrow Smetona's regime in 1926–1938. Background The revolt was the third attempt in less than a year to overthrow the government of President Antanas S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
League Of Nations
The League of Nations (LN or LoN; , SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference that ended the World War I, First World War. The main organisation ceased operations on 18 April 1946 when many of its components were relocated into the new United Nations (UN) which was created in the aftermath of the World War II, Second World War. As the template for modern global governance, the League profoundly shaped the modern world. The League's primary goals were stated in its Covenant of the League of Nations, eponymous Covenant. They included preventing wars through collective security and Arms control, disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration. Its other concerns included labour conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, Human trafficking, human and Illegal drug tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
émigré
An ''émigré'' () is a person who has emigrated, often with a connotation of political or social exile or self-exile. The word is the past participle of the French verb ''émigrer'' meaning "to emigrate". French Huguenots Many French Huguenots fled France following the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. The American Revolution Many Loyalists, who made up large portions of colonial United States particularly in the South, emigrated by choice or were forced to leave the United States during and after the American Revolution. Common destinations were other parts of the British Empire, such as Upper Canada, Nova Scotia, Great Britain, Jamaica, and the British West Indies. The new government often awarded the lands of fleeing Loyalists to Patriot soldiers by way of land grants. The French Revolution Although the French Revolution began in 1789 as a bourgeois-led drive for increased political equality for the Third Estate, it soon turned into a violent popular rebell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Socialists-Revolutionaries-Maximalists
Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries-Maximalists () was a political party in the Russian Empire, a radical wing expelled from the Socialist-Revolutionary Party in 1906. The Union united agrarian terrorists, the 'Moscow Opposition' and other radical dissidents from the PSR in an independent party. The Maximalists officially split off from the PSR at its Second Congress in Imatra in 1906. Maximalists played a role in both the Revolution of 1905 and the Revolution of 1917. Many former SR Maximalists eventually joined the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik). Ideology and history Maximalists were so called because they demanded the full implementation of the 'maximum programme' in the expected revolution: full socialisation of the land, factories and all other means of production. The orthodox Socialist-Revolutionaries wanted to start with land reform but defer socialisation of other means of production. The Maximalists also rejected the PSR's version of a 'two-stage' revolution, a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utena
Utena () is a city in north-east Lithuania. It is the administrative center of Utena district and Utena County. Utena is one of the oldest settlements of Lithuania. The name of the city is most probably derived from a hydronym. The name of the settlement has been known since 1261. Utena is an industrial city. It is known for its clothing, food and beverage factories. In recent years, however, streets, public squares and large areas of the parks in the city were reconstructed and Utena is now more attractive for recreation and tourism. The anniversary of Utena City had been held each year on the last weekend of September. Since 2013 the anniversary has been held on the first weekend of September to take advantage of better weather conditions. History Utena was first mentioned in historical documents dating back to 1261. The settlement was a major center of Nalšia. It was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until 1795, when it fell under the Russian Empire rule. From 180 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kėdainiai
Kėdainiai () is one of the oldest List of cities in Lithuania, cities in Lithuania. It is located north of Lithuania's second largest city Kaunas on the banks of the Nevėžis River. Kėdainiai were first mentioned in the 1372 Livonian Chronicle of Hermann de Wartberge, its population was 23,051. The Kėdainiai Old Town dates to the 17th century and many of its historical buildings were preserved. The town is the administrative centre of the Kėdainiai District Municipality. The geographical centre of the Lithuania is in the nearby village of Ruoščiai in the Elderships of Lithuania, eldership of Dotnuva. In a ring of five miles, the St Jurgis church is surrounded by smaller villages – Lančiūnava, , Labūnava, Josvainiai, Dotnuva, Kalnaberžė. Names The city has been known by other names: ''Kiejdany'' in Polish language, Polish, ''Keidan'' (קיידאן) in Yiddish (language), Yiddish, and ''Kedahnen'' in German (language), German. Kėdainiai other alternate forms includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alytus
Alytus () is a city with Town privileges, municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the List of cities in Lithuania, sixth-largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, 14th-largest city in the Baltic states, and also the Capital (political), capital of Alytus County. Being the historical centre of the Dzūkija region, it is connected to several major roads, linking it with the cities of Vilnius; Kaunas; Lazdijai, which is on the border with Poland; and Grodno, Belarus. In July 2024, its total population was counted as 50,996 people. The city lies on the banks of the Neman, Nemunas river. For centuries, the city was divided into two separate entities. Even today, it consists of two parts still frequently referred to as ''Alytus I'' and ''Alytus II''. The ''Alytus I'' half is smaller, and less developed than the ''Alytus II'' half, which forms the city centre with parks, microdistricts and industrial areas. Name The name of the city is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varėna
Varėna () is a city in Dzūkija, southern Lithuania. It is the capital of the district of Varėna. Currently, there are 7,794 residents. The Varėna district is the largest and most forested municipality of Lithuania as more than 50% of the district's territory is covered with forests. Etymology The name of the town comes from an old village - Senoji Varėna (at the time called simply Varėna), while the new, present Varėna was being established nearby. The place name itself comes from the name of the Varėnė River. In other languages, the town is referred to as: ; ; ''Oran''. History Varėna was founded in 1862 as a railway town of the Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway, south of Sena Varėna (Old Varėna). The exact date of the town's foundation is considered to be 5 September 1862 according to the Julian calendar, or 17 September according to the current Gregorian calendar: that's when the first train arrived at the Varėna station. At that time, it was a small se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuania–Poland Border
The Lithuania–Poland border is the state border between the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Poland. The length of the border is .. Page gives Polish PWN Encyklopedia as reference. It runs from the Lithuania–Poland–Russia tripoint southeast to the Belarus–Lithuania–Poland tripoint. It is an internal border of the European Union and the Schengen Zone. It is the only land border that one of the Baltic states (which are members of the EU and NATO) shares with a country that is not a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States. History In medieval times, the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania had a vast and often changing border.Stephen R. Burant and Voytek Zubek, ''Eastern Europe's Old Memories and New Realities: Resurrecting the Polish–Lithuanian Union'', East European Politics and Societies 1993; 7; 370online/ref> From the Union of Lublin (1569) to the Partitions of Poland, there was no Polish-Lithuanian border, as both countries we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva
Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Canton of Geneva, Republic and Canton of Geneva, and a centre for international diplomacy. Geneva hosts the highest number of International organization, international organizations in the world, and has been referred to as the world's most compact metropolis and the "Peace Capital". Geneva is a global city, an international financial centre, and a worldwide centre for diplomacy hosting the highest number of international organizations in the world, including the headquarters of many agencies of the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross, ICRC and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, IFRC of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, Red Cross. In the aftermath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ELTA
ELTA is a Lithuanian news agency based in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius. In a day, it receives about 5,000 news articles and produces about 300 articles in Lithuanian, Russian, and English. ELTA cooperates with foreign news agencies such as Reuters, Associated Press, Deutsche Presse-Agentur, Polish Press Agency and others. History Interwar ELTA was founded in March 1920 in Kaunas, the temporary capital of Lithuania, by Juozas Eretas, the first director of the agency, a literature professor, publicist, and public figure of Swiss descent who sought to make the ELTA news wire as efficient and reliable as a "'' Swiss watch''". ELTA was founded based on Lithuanian press bureaus that were established in Switzerland, Denmark, France, Sweden, Germany during World War I. The agency was owned by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Between 1920 and 1940, ELTA cooperated closely with the most prominent foreign agencies – its five teleprinters used to send news from Reuters (UK), DN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
