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Planarian
Planarians (triclads) are free-living flatworms of the class Turbellaria, order Tricladida, which includes hundreds of species, found in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats.pp 3., "Planarians (the popular name for the group as a whole), or triclad flatworms (the more scientific designation of the same group), are acoelomate bilaterians". Planarians are characterized by a three-branched intestine, including a single anterior and two posterior branches. Their body is populated by adult stem cells called neoblasts, which planarians use for regenerating missing body parts. Many species are able to regenerate any missing organ, which has made planarians a popular model in research of regeneration and stem cell biology. The genome sequences of several species are available, as are tools for molecular biology analysis. The order Tricladida is split into three suborders, according to their phylogenetic relationships: Maricola, Cavernicola and Continenticola. Formerly, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoblast
Neoblasts (ˈniːəʊˌblæst) are adult stem cells found in planarian flatworms. They are the only dividing planarian cells, and they produce all cell types, including the germline. Neoblasts are abundant in the planarian parenchyma, and comprise up to 30 percent of all cells. Following injury, neoblasts rapidly divide and generate new cells, which allows planarians to regenerate any missing tissue. Characteristics Neoblasts are somatic adult stem cells that are abundant in planarians. Morphologically, neoblasts are round and small, 5 to 10 μm, and have a large nucleus and scant cytoplasm. They are the only dividing planarian cells. Neoblasts are found in the planarian parenchyma across the entire body, outside organ systems. The only regions that lack neoblasts completely are the pharynx and the head tip. Blastema formation New cells produced by dividing neoblasts form the regenerating blastema. Hours following the injury, a wound response is initiated. The initial wou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoplanidae
Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive properties of their mucus. They lack water-retaining mechanisms and are therefore very sensitive to humidity variations of their environment. Because of their strict ecological requirements, some species have been proposed as indicators of the conservation state of their habitats. They are generally animals with low vagility (dispersal ability) and with very specific habitat requirements, so they can be also used to accurately determine the distribution of biogeographic realms. Today the fauna of these animals is being studied to select conservation priorities in the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil. At the other extreme, one species in this family, ''Platydemus manokwari'' has become an invasive species in both disturbed and wild habitats in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regeneration (biology)
Regeneration in biology is the process of renewal, restoration, and tissue growth that makes genomes, cell (biology), cells, organisms, and ecosystems Resilience (ecology), resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage. Every species is capable of regeneration, from bacteria to humans. Regeneration can either be complete where the new tissue is the same as the lost tissue, or incomplete after which the necrotic tissue becomes Fibrosis, fibrotic. At its most elementary level, regeneration is mediated by the molecular processes of gene regulation and involves the cellular processes of cell proliferation, morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Regeneration in biology, however, mainly refers to the Morphogenesis, morphogenic processes that characterize the phenotypic plasticity of Phenotypic trait, traits allowing multi-cellular organisms to repair and maintain the integrity of their physiological and morphological states. Above the genetic level, rege ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenkiidae
Kenkiidae is a family of freshwater triclads. Their species can be found sporadically in caves, groundwater, and deep lakes in Central Asia, Far East and North America.Ball, I. R.: A contribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria). Biology of the Turbellaria (Edited by: Riser NW and Morse MP). New York: McGraw-Hill New York 1974, 339-401. Description Species in the family Kenkiidae are characterized by a thickened marginal epidermis, i.e., the epidermis of the body margins have larger cells provided with bigger rhabdites than the epidermis of the rest of the body. Kenkiidae species have the testicles situated anterior to the pharynx, feature also common in the Dugesiidae and Planariidae Planariidae is a family of freshwater planarians. The type genus is '' Planaria'' Müller, 1776.Ball IR: A contribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria). Biology of the Tur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimarcusidae
Dimarcusidae is a family of triclads found mostly in freshwater habitats of caves, although at least one species, '' Rhodax evelinae'', occurs in surface waters. Currently the family contains only seven species distributed in five genera, although the total number of species is thought to be much higher. Description The morphological features uniting species of Dimarcusidae are related to the reproductive system. Their ovaries are located more posteriorly than in most triclads, which usually have them close to the brain. The penis in species of Dimarcusidae contains glandular elements and the common ovovitelline duct is perpendicular to the female genital duct. Taxonomy The family Dimarcusidae was erected in 1972 by Mitchell and Kawakatsu to include a new species, ''Dimarcus villalobosi''. However, the same species had been briefly described by Benazzi in the same year as '' Opisthobursa mexicana'' and this name had priority, with ''Dimarcus villalobosi'' becoming a junior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flatworm
Platyhelminthes (from the Greek language, Greek πλατύ, ''platy'', meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), ''helminth-'', meaning "worm") is a Phylum (biology), phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, Segmentation (biology), unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates commonly called flatworms or flat worms. Being acoelomates (having no coelom, body cavity), and having no specialised circulatory system, circulatory and respiratory system, respiratory organ (anatomy), organs, they are restricted to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion. The digestive cavity has only one opening for both ingestion (intake of nutrients) and egestion (removal of undigested wastes); as a result, the food can not be processed continuously. In traditional medicinal texts, Platyhelminthes are divided into Turbellaria, which are mostly non-parasitic animals such as planarians, and three entirely parasitic groups: Cestoda, Trematod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dugesia Subtentaculata
''Dugesia subtentaculata'' is a species of planarian that inhabits the freshwater of Southern France, several localities on the Iberian Peninsula (including Catalonia), Mallorca, Morocco and Algeria. In 1986 De Vries designated a neotype for ''D. subtentaculata'' after the original type material was lost. She also synonymized the species ''D. iberica'', described from Mallorca and Iberian Peninsula, with ''D. subtentaculta''. Both the neotype and the holotype are from the surroundings of Montpellier Montpellier (; ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the Departments of France, department of ..., from a locality where asexual specimens of ''D. subtentaculata'' and sexual individuals of '' D. gonocephala'' are found living together. Phylogeny ''Dugesia subtentaculata'' is related to other European ''Dugesia'' species. Howeve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoplanoidea
Geoplanoidea is a superfamily of freshwater and land triclads that comprises the species of the Geoplanidae and the Dugesiidae families. Dugesiidae and Geoplanidae share a duplication of the cluster that codifies for the 18S ribosomal RNA 18S ribosomal RNA (abbreviated 18S rRNA) is a part of the ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes. It is a component of the Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S) and the cytosolic homologue of both the 12S ribosomal RNA, 12S rRNA in mitochondria and the 1 .... Phylogeny Phylogenetic supertree after Sluys et al., 2009: References {{Taxonbar, from=Q5535582 Continenticola Animal superfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dendrocoelidae
Dendrocoelidae is a family of freshwater tricladida flatworms that has a holarctic distribution. The largest freshwater triclad known belongs to this family, it's up to 40 cm in length and inhabits the Lake Baikal. Description The family Dendrocoelidae is characterized by an unusual arrangement of the muscle layers of the pharynx. While in most planarians the inner musculature of the pharynx is composed of two muscle layers, one circular and one longitudinal, in Dendrocoelidae the circular and longitudinal fibers are intermingled, forming a mixed layer. Dendrocoelidae is the sister group of Kenkiidae. Both families have an anterior adhesive organ, which is considered a synapomorphy of the group. Genera The following genera are recognised in the family Dendrocoelidae: *Genus '' Acromyadenium'' *Genus '' Alaoplana'' *Genus '' Amyadenium'' *Genus '' Anocelis'' *Genus '' Archicotylus'' *Genus '' Armilla'' *Genus ''Atria Atria may refer to: Science *Atrium (heart) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dugesiidae
Dugesiidae is a family of freshwater planarians distributed worldwide (except Antarctica). The type genus is ''Dugesia ''Dugesia'' is a genus of freshwater planarians in the family Dugesiidae triclads and the type genus of this family. These common flatworms are found in freshwater habitats of Africa, Eurasia, and Australia. ''Dugesia'' is best known to non-spe ...'' Girard, 1850. Description All species of Dugesiidae live in freshwater environments and have a dorsoventrally flattened body. The head usually has a somewhat triangular shape and has two eyes (except for some subterranean eyeless species). The main differences between Dugesiidae and other freshwater planarians are related to the anatomy of the eyes and the copulatory apparatus. The eye cup in Dugesiidae is composed of several retinal cells, while in other freshwater planarians they are composed of a single cell. All freshwater planarians have an accessory organ called copulatory bursa or ''bursa copulatrix'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planarioidea
Planarioidea is a superfamily (zoology), superfamily of freshwater triclads that comprises the family (biology), families Dendrocoelidae, Kenkiidae and Planariidae. Phylogeny Phylogenetic supertree after Sluys et al., 2009: References {{Taxonbar, from=Q7200969 Continenticola Animal superfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabussowia Ronaldi 2
''Sabussowia'' is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Cercyridae Cercyridae is a family of Maricola triclad Planarians (triclads) are free-living flatworms of the class Turbellaria, order Tricladida, which includes hundreds of species, found in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats.pp 3., "Planari .... The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America. Species: *'' Sabussowia dioica'' *'' Sabussowia ronaldi'' Delogu, V. & Curini Galletti, M. 2011: ''Sabussowia ronaldi'' sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Maricola), a new Mediterranean species and its life cycle. ''Meiofauna marina'', 19: 41–47PDF/ref> *'' Sabussowia wilhelmii'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18581205 Platyhelminthes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
